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Genèse 35

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1 Dieu dit à Jacob: Lève-toi, monte à Béthel, et demeures-y; là, tu dresseras un autel au Dieu qui t'apparut, lorsque tu fuyais Esaü, ton frère.

2 Jacob dit à sa maison et à tous ceux qui étaient avec lui: Otez les dieux étrangers qui sont au milieu de vous, purifiez-vous, et changez de vêtements.

3 Nous Nous lèverons, et Nous monterons à Béthel; là, je dresserai un autel au Dieu qui m'a exaucé dans le jour de ma détresse, et qui a été avec moi pendant le voyage que j'ai fait.

4 Ils donnèrent à Jacob tous les dieux étrangers qui étaient entre leurs mains, et les anneaux qui étaient à leurs oreilles. Jacob les enfouit sous le térébinthe qui est près de Sichem.

5 Ensuite ils partirent. La terreur de Dieu se répandit sur les villes qui les entouraient, et l'on ne poursuivit point les fils de Jacob.

6 Jacob arriva, lui et tous ceux qui étaient avec lui, à Luz, qui est Béthel, dans le pays de Canaan.

7 Il bâtit là un autel, et il appela ce lieu El-Béthel; car c'est là que Dieu s'était révélé à lui lorsqu'il fuyait son frère.

8 Débora, nourrice de Rebecca, mourut; et elle fut enterrée au-dessous de Béthel, sous le chêne auquel on a donné le nom de chêne des pleurs.

9 Dieu apparut encore à Jacob, après son retour de Paddan-Aram, et il le bénit.

10 Dieu lui dit: Ton nom est Jacob; tu ne seras plus appelé Jacob, mais ton nom sera Israël. Et il lui donna le nom d'Israël.

11 Dieu lui dit: Je suis le Dieu tout-puissant. Sois fécond, et multiplie: une nation et une multitude de nations naîtront de toi, et des rois sortiront de tes reins.

12 Je te donnerai le pays que j'ai donné à Abraham et à Isaac, et je donnerai ce pays à ta postérité après toi.

13 Dieu s'éleva au-dessus de lui, dans le lieu où il lui avait parlé.

14 Et Jacob dressa un monument dans le lieu où Dieu lui avait parlé, un monument de pierres, sur lequel il fit une libation et versa de l'huile.

15 Jacob donna le nom de Béthel au lieu où Dieu lui avait parlé.

16 Ils partirent de Béthel; et il y avait encore une certaine distance jusqu'à Ephrata, lorsque Rachel accoucha. Elle eut un accouchement pénible;

17 et pendant les douleurs de l'enfantement, la sage-femme lui dit: Ne crains point, car tu as encore un fils!

18 Et comme elle allait rendre l'âme, car elle était mourante, elle lui donna le nom de Ben-Oni; mais le père l'appela Benjamin.

19 Rachel mourut, et elle fut enterrée sur le chemin d'Ephrata, qui est Bethléhem.

20 Jacob éleva un monument sur son sépulcre; c'est le monument du sépulcre de Rachel, qui existe encore aujourd'hui.

21 Israël partit; et il dressa sa tente au delà de Migdal-Eder.

22 Pendant qu'Israël habitait cette contrée, Ruben alla coucher avec Bilha, concubine de son père. Et Israël l'apprit. Les fils de Jacob étaient au nombre de douze.

23 Fils de Léa: Ruben, premier-né de Jacob, Siméon, Lévi, Juda, Issacar et Zabulon.

24 Fils de Rachel: Joseph et Benjamin.

25 Fils de Bilha, servante de Rachel: Dan et Nephthali.

26 Fils de Zilpa, servante de Léa: Gad et Aser. Ce sont là les fils de Jacob, qui lui naquirent à Paddan-Aram.

27 Jacob arriva auprès d'Isaac, son père, à Mamré, à Kirjath-Arba, qui est Hébron, où avaient séjourné Abraham et Isaac.

28 Les jours d'Isaac furent de cent quatre-vingts ans.

29 Il expira et mourut, et il fut recueilli auprès de son peuple, âgé et rassasié de jours, et Esaü et Jacob, ses fils, l'enterrèrent.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 921

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921. 'Noah built an altar to Jehovah' means a representative of the Lord. This is clear from what has been stated just above. All the religious observances of the Ancient Church were representative of the Lord, as also were those of the Jewish Church. But the chief representative in later times was the altar, and also the burnt offering, which, because it was made from clean beasts and clean birds, represented the same as that of which it was the meaningful sign. Clean beasts represented goods that stem from charity, and clean birds the truths of faith. And when offering these, members of the Ancient Church meant that they were offering gifts of those goods or truths to the Lord. Nothing else can be offered up to the Lord that will please Him. But their descendants, like the gentiles, and also the Jews, corrupted these offerings, for they did not even know that these had such a meaning. They confined worship solely to things of an external nature.

[2] That the altar was the chief representative of the Lord becomes clear also from the consideration that there were altars even among gentiles before all the other religious observances were established, before the Ark [of the Covenant] was made, and before the Temple was built. This is clear from Abram's going on to the mountain east of Bethel, erecting an altar, and calling on the name of Jehovah, Genesis 12:8; from his being commanded to offer Isaac as a burnt offering on an altar, Genesis 22:2, 9, from Jacob's building an altar in Luz, which was Bethel, Genesis 35:6-7; and from Moses' building an altar at the foot of Mount Sinai and offering sacrifice, Exodus 24:4-6. Each of these events took place before the establishment of the sacrificial system and before the construction of the Ark, the place where worship was at a later time celebrated in the wilderness. The fact that gentiles too had altars is clear from what is said about Balaam telling Balak to build seven altars and to prepare seven young bulls and seven rams, Numbers 23:1-7, 15-18, 29-30, and also from the command to destroy the altars of the nations, as in Deuteronomy 7:5; Judges 2:2. Consequently Divine worship involving the use of altars and sacrifices was not something new when it was established among the Jews. Indeed men were building altars, especially those for commemorative purposes, before they ever knew of immolating young bulls and other animals on them.

[3] That 'altars' means a representative of the Lord, and 'burnt offerings' consequent worship of Him, is quite clear from the Prophets and also in Moses where Levi to whom the priesthood was entrusted is the subject,

They will teach Jacob Your judgements and Israel Your law. They will put incense in Your nostrils, and whole (burnt offering) upon Your altar. Deuteronomy 33:10.

This stands for the whole of worship. 'Teaching Jacob His judgements, and Israel His law' stands for internal worship, while 'putting incense in His nostrils, and whole [burnt offering] on the altar' stands for corresponding external worship, and so for the whole of worship. In Isaiah,

On that day a man will look to his Maker and his eyes will regard the Holy One of Israel. And he will not look to the altars, the work of his hands. Isaiah 17:7-8.

Here 'looking to the altars' clearly means representative worship in general, which was to be abolished. In the same prophet,

On that day there will be an altar to Jehovah in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar at its border to Jehovah. Isaiah 19:19.

Here too 'altar' stands for external worship.

[4] In Jeremiah,

The Lord has abandoned His altar, He has abhorred His sanctuary. Lamentations 2:7.

'Altar' stands for representative worship which had become idolatrous. In Hosea,

Ephraim has multiplied altars for sinning, they have been to him altars for sinning. Hosea 8:11.

'Altars' here stands for all representative worship separated from internal, and so stands for what is idolatrous. In the same prophet,

The high places of Aven, the sin of Israel, will be destroyed. Thorn and thistle will grow up on their altars. Hosea 10:8.

Here too 'altars' stands for idolatrous worship. In Amos,

On the day I visit Israel for his transgressions, I will visit the altars of Bethel, and the horns of the altar will be cut off. Amos 3:14.

Here also 'altars' stands for representative worship that had become idolatrous.

[5] In David,

They will bring me to Your holy mountain, and to Your dwellings! Then I will go in to the altar of God, to God my exceeding joy. Psalms 43:3-4.

Here 'altar' clearly stands for the Lord. So the making of an altar in the Ancient and the Jewish Churches stood for a representative of the Lord. Because worship of the Lord was carried out principally by means of burnt offerings and sacrifices, and these principally meant representative worship, it is clear that the altar itself means representative worship itself.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.