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1 Samuel 8

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1 Kui Saamuel jäi vanaks, siis pani ta oma pojad Iisraelile kohtumõistjaiks.

2 Tema esmasündinud poja nimi oli Joel ja tema teise poja nimi oli Abija; nad olid kohtumõistjaiks Beer-Sebas.

3 Aga ta pojad ei käinud tema teedel, vaid ajasid kasu taga ja võtsid meelehead ning väänasid õigust.

4 Siis kogunesid kõik Iisraeli vanemad ja tulid Saamueli juurde Raamasse

5 ning ütlesid temale: 'Vaata, sa oled jäänud vanaks ja su pojad ei käi su teedel. Pane nüüd meile kohut mõistma kuningas, nagu on kõigil rahvail!'

6 Aga see kõne oli Saamueli silmis paha, kui nad ütlesid: 'Anna meile kuningas, kes meile kohut mõistaks!' Ja Saamuel palus Issandat.

7 Ja Issand ütles Saamuelile: 'Kuule rahva häält kõiges, mida nad sulle ütlevad, sest nad ei põlga sind, vaid nad põlgavad mind kui oma kuningat!

8 Nõnda nagu on kõik need teod, mis nad on teinud alates päevast, kui ma tõin nad ära Egiptusest, kuni tänapäevani, jättes mind maha ja teenides teisi jumalaid, nõnda nad teevad ka sinule.

9 Aga nüüd kuule nende häält! Hoiata neid ainult tõsiselt ja kuuluta neile selle kuninga õigust, kes hakkab nende üle valitsema!'

10 Ja Saamuel kõneles kõik Issanda sõnad rahvale, kes nõudis temalt kuningat.

11 Ta ütles: 'Niisugune on selle kuninga õigus, kes hakkab teie üle valitsema: ta võtab teie pojad ning paneb nad oma sõjavankrite peale ja ratsahobuste selga või laseb neid joosta oma sõjavankri ees;

12 ta paneb neist enesele tuhandepealikuid ja viiekümnepealikuid; ta paneb neid kündma tema kündi ja lõikama tema lõikust ning valmistama temale sõjariistu ja vankrivarustust;

13 ta võtab teie tütred salvisegajaiks, keetjaiks ja küpsetajaiks;

14 ta võtab teie parimad põllud, viinamäed ja õlipuud ning annab oma sulastele;

15 ta võtab kümnist teie viljapõldudelt ja viinamägedelt ning annab oma hoovkondlastele ja sulastele;

16 ta võtab teie sulased ja teenijad ja parimad noored mehed, nõndasamuti teie eeslid, ja paneb oma tööle;

17 ta võtab kümnist teie lammastest ja kitsedest ning te peate olema temale sulasteks.

18 Ja kui te siis kisendate oma kuninga pärast, kelle te enestele olete valinud, siis Issand ei vasta teile.'

19 Aga rahvas tõrkus kuulmast Saamueli häält ja nad ütlesid: 'Ei! Meil peab olema kuningas,

20 et meiegi oleksime nagu kõik muud rahvad, et meie kuningas meile kohut mõistaks, meie ees välja läheks ja meie võitlusi võitleks!'

21 Kui Saamuel kuulis rahva kõiki sõnu, kordas ta neid Issanda kõrva ees.

22 Aga Issand ütles Saamuelile: 'Kuule nende häält ja pane neile kuningas!' Siis Saamuel ütles Iisraeli meestele: 'Minge igaüks oma linna!'

   

Komentář

 

Exploring the Meaning of 1 Samuel 8

Napsal(a) Garry Walsh

This chapter marks a historic turning point for the Children of Israel. Since their escape from Egypt some four hundred years earlier, the Lord Jehovah, through Moses, and Joshua, and then a series of judges, had directly ruled the people. Now, though, the people pleaded that they might instead have a king like other nations. In a sense, they wanted to be led by human nature, not by God's law and the prophets.

Samuel had grown old, and his sons, Joel and Abiah, had become judges over Israel. However, they took bribes and this influenced their judgments. This is like the corruption of the High Priest Eli’s sons, described in 1 Samuel 2, and also similar to the misbehavior of two of Aaron's sons, Nadab and Abihu, in Leviticus 10. The corruption of Samuel’s sons, as judges over Israel, was what spurred the Israelites to ask for a king.

Samuel prayed to the Lord, asking what he should do about the people’s demand for a king. The Lord assured him that the request came not because he, Samuel, had been rejected. Instead, it was the Lord Himself whom the people of Israel had rejected. The Lord sent a warning through Samuel to the people about what a king would be like. Samuel told them of the personal and financial cost that would come with having a king. The king would use a substantial portion of the land’s resources, and take the best for himself. Having a king would also mean that they were rejecting the Lord’s direct leadership, so they would be unable to call on His help in the way that they had in the past. The people heard the warning, but still did not change their minds.

There are two ways the Lord judges us. One way is through love or goodness. The other is through truth. In other words, our lives can be judged according to the type of love that exists in our hearts and that we show to others. We will make mistakes, but it is our intent that matters most. Judgment according to truth, by comparison, is somewhat cold. We either obey the law or we don’t. The two, love and truth, should exist together. Intentions should be considered together with what we actually do. From this time in Israelite history, the role of priest, representing judgment from goodness or love, was separated from the role of king, representing judgment by truth. They denied themselves the opportunity to be ruled by love and left themselves to be ruled by the cold letter of the law. (See Arcana Coelestia 6148 [3, 5, 6].)

Swedenborg also discusses this concept as follows:

"In the Word a careful distinction is made between people and nation, 'people' meaning truths, 'nation' goods, as shown already in 1259, 1260. Kings have reference to peoples, and not so much to nations. The children of Israel, before they sought to have kings, were 'a nation' and represented good, or that which is celestial; but after they desired a king and received one, they became 'a people' and represented not good or that which is celestial, but truth or that which is spiritual...." (Arcana Coelestia 1672)

This further supports the idea that they began to separate judgement by truth and judgement by love, choosing only truth, or the law, as represented by a king.