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Jozua 8

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1 Toen zeide de HEERE tot Jozua: Vrees niet, en ontzet u niet; neem met u al het krijgsvolk, en maak u op, trek op naar Ai; zie, Ik heb den koning van Ai, en zijn volk, en zijn stad, en zijn land in uw hand gegeven.

2 Gij nu zult aan Ai en haar koning doen, gelijk als gij aan Jericho en haar koning gedaan hebt; behalve dat gij haar roof en haar vee voor ulieden roven zult; stel u een achterlage tegen de stad, van achter dezelve.

3 Toen maakte zich Jozua op, en al het krijgsvolk, om op te trekken naar Ai. En Jozua verkoos dertig duizend mannen, strijdbare helden, en hij zond hen bij nacht uit,

4 En gebood hun, zeggende: Ziet toe, gijlieden zult der stad lagen leggen van achter de stad; houdt u niet zeer verre van de stad, en weest gij allen bereid.

5 Ik nu, en al het volk, dat bij mij is, zullen tot de stad naderen; en het zal geschieden, wanneer zij ons tegemoet zullen uitgaan, gelijk als in het eerst, zo zullen wij voor hun aangezicht vlieden.

6 Laat hen dan uitkomen achter ons, totdat wij hen van de stad aftrekken; want zij zullen zeggen: Zij vlieden voor onze aangezichten, gelijk als in het eerst; zo zullen wij vlieden voor hun aangezichten.

7 Dan zult gijlieden opstaan uit de achterlage, en gij zult de stad innemen; want de HEERE, uw God, zal ze in uw hand geven.

8 En het zal geschieden, wanneer gij de stad ingenomen hebt, zo zult gij de stad met vuur aansteken; naar het woord des HEEREN zult gijlieden doen; ziet, ik heb het ulieden geboden.

9 Alzo zond Jozua hen heen, en zij gingen naar de achterlage, en zij bleven tussen Beth-El en tussen Ai, tegen het westen van Ai; maar Jozua overnachtte dien nacht in het midden des volks.

10 En Jozua maakte zich des morgens vroeg op, en hij monsterde het volk; en hij trok op, hij en de oudsten van Israel, voor het aangezicht des volks, naar Ai.

11 Ook trok al het krijgsvolk op, dat bij hem was; en zij naderden en kwamen tegenover de stad, en zij legerden zich tegen het noorden van Ai; en er was een dal tussen hem en tussen Ai.

12 Hij nam ook omtrent vijf duizend man, en hij stelde hen tot een achterlage tussen Beth-El en tussen Ai, aan het westen der stad.

13 En zij stelden het volk, het ganse leger, dat aan het noorden der stad was, en zijn lage was aan het westen der stad. En Jozua ging in denzelven nacht in het midden des dals.

14 En het geschiedde, toen de koning van Ai dat zag, zo haastten zij en maakten zich vroeg op, en de mannen der stad kwamen uit, Israel tegemoet, ten strijde, hij en al zijn volk, ter bestemder tijd, voor het vlakke veld; want hij wist niet, dat hem iemand een achterlage legde van achter de stad.

15 Jozua dan, en gans Israel, werd geslagen voor hun aangezichten; en zij vloden door den weg der woestijn.

16 Daarom werd samengeroepen al het volk, dat in de stad was, om hen na te jagen; en zij joegen Jozua na, en werden van de stad afgetrokken.

17 En er werd niet een man overgelaten, in Ai, noch Beth-El, die niet uittrokken, Israel na; en zij lieten de stad openstaan, en joegen Israel achterna.

18 Toen sprak de HEERE tot Jozua: Strek de spies uit, die in uw hand is, naar Ai, want Ik zal hen in uw hand geven. Toen strekte Jozua de spies, die in zijn hand was, naar de stad aan.

19 Toen rees de achterlage haastelijk op van haar plaats, en zij liepen toe, met dat hij zijn hand uitgestrekt had, en kwamen aan de stad, en zij namen ze in, en zij haastten zich, en staken de stad aan met vuur.

20 Als de mannen van Ai zich achterom keerden, zo zagen zij, en ziet, de rook der stad ging op naar den hemel; en zij hadden geen ruimte, om herwaarts of derwaarts te vlieden; want het volk, dat naar de woestijn vluchtte, keerde zich tegen degenen, die hen najoegen.

21 En Jozua en gans Israel, ziende, dat de achterlage de stad ingenomen had, en dat de rook der stad opging, zo keerden zij zich om, en sloegen de mannen van Ai.

22 Ook kwamen die uit de stad hun tegemoet, zodat zij in het midden der Israelieten waren, deze van hier en gene van daar; en zij sloegen hen, totdat geen overige onder hen overbleef, noch die ontkwam.

23 Doch den koning van Ai grepen zij levend, en zij brachten hem tot Jozua.

24 En het geschiedde, toen de Israelieten een einde gemaakt hadden van al de inwoners van Ai te doden, op het veld, in de woestijn, in dewelke zij hen nagejaagd hadden, en dat zij allen door de scherpte des zwaards gevallen waren, totdat zij allen vernield waren; zo keerde zich gans Israel naar Ai, en zij sloegen ze met de scherpte des zwaards.

25 En het geschiedde, dat allen, die te dien dage vielen, zo mannen als vrouwen, waren twaalf duizend, al te zamen lieden van Ai.

26 Jozua trok ook zijn hand niet terug, die hij met de spies had uitgestrekt, totdat hij al de inwoners van Ai verbannen had.

27 Alleenlijk roofden de Israelieten voor zichzelven het vee en den buit derzelver stad, naar het woord des HEEREN, dat Hij Jozua geboden had.

28 Jozua nu verbrandde Ai, en hij stelde haar tot een eeuwigen hoop, ter verwoesting, tot op dezen dag.

29 En den koning van Ai hing hij aan een hout, tot aan den avondstond; en omtrent den ondergang der zon gebood Jozua, dat men zijn dood lichaam van het hout afname; en zij wierpen het aan de deur der stadspoort, en richtten daarop een groten steenhoop, zijnde tot op dezen dag.

30 Toen bouwde Jozua een altaar den HEERE, den God van Israel, op den berg Ebal;

31 Gelijk als Mozes, de knecht des HEEREN, den kinderen Israels geboden had, achtereenvolgens hetgeen geschreven is in het wetboek van Mozes: een altaar van gehele stenen, over dewelke men geen ijzer bewogen had; en daarop offerden zij den HEERE brandofferen; ook offerden zij dankofferen.

32 Aldaar schreef hij ook op stenen een dubbel van de wet van Mozes, hetwelk hij geschreven heeft voor het aangezicht der kinderen Israels.

33 En gans Israel met zijn oudsten, en ambtlieden, en zijn rechters, stonden aan deze en aan gene zijde der ark, voor de Levietische priesteren, die de ark des verbonds des HEEREN droegen, zo vreemdelingen als inboorlingen, een helft daarvan tegenover den berg Gerizim, en een helft daarvan tegenover den berg Ebal, gelijk als Mozes, de knecht des HEEREN, bevolen had; om het volk van Israel in het eerst te zegenen.

34 En daarna las hij overluid al de woorden der wet, de zegening en den vloek, naar alles, wat in het wetboek geschreven staat.

35 Daar was niet een woord van al hetgeen Mozes geboden had, dat Jozua niet overluid las voor de gehele gemeente van Israel, en de vrouwen, en de kleine kinderen, en de vreemdelingen, die in het midden van hen wandelden.

   

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Apocalypse Explained # 655

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655. Where also our Lord was crucified.- That this signifies by means of which He was rejected and condemned, namely, by means of evils, and falsities therefrom springing from infernal love, is evident from this consideration, that evils themselves and their consequent falsities arising from infernal love are what reject and condemn the Lord, and these evils and the falsities therefrom are signified by Sodom and Egypt, therefore it is said concerning the city of Jerusalem that it is called so spiritually, for to be spiritually called signifies evil itself, and the falsity therefrom.

[2] The hells are separated into two kingdoms opposite the two kingdoms in the heavens; the kingdom opposite the celestial kingdom is at the back, and those who are there are called genii, and this kingdom is what is understood in the Word by "devil." But the kingdom opposite the spiritual kingdom is in front, and those who are there are called evil spirits; this kingdom is what is meant in the Word by "Satan." These hells, or these two kingdoms into which the hells are separated, are meant by Sodom and Egypt. Whether it is said evils and falsities therefrom, or those hells, it is the same thing, since from these all evils and falsities ascend.

[3] The Jews of Jerusalem crucifying the Lord signifies that the evils and the falsities therefrom which they loved crucified Him; for all things recorded in the Word concerning the Lord's passion represented the perverted state of the church with that nation. For although they accounted the Word holy, yet they perverted all things therein by their traditions until there was no longer any Divine Good and Truth remaining with them, and, when the Divine Good and Truth that are in the Word no longer remain, then evils and falsities from infernal love succeed in their place, and these are what crucify the Lord. That such things are signified by the Lord's passion, may be seen above (n. 83, 195:21, 627:16, at the end). The Lord is said to be slain because it signifies His being rejected and denied, as may be seen above (n. 328). Concerning the nature and quality of the Jews, see above (n. 122, 433:28, 619), and in the Doctrine of the New Jerusalem 248).

[4] Since it is here said "where our Lord was crucified," it shall be explained what crucifixion, or suspension upon wood, signified with the Jews. There were two punishments of death with them, crucifixion and stoning; and by crucifixion was signified condemnation and a curse on account of the destruction of good in the church, and by stoning was signified condemnation and a curse on account of the destruction of truth in the church. Crucifixion signified condemnation and a curse on account of the destruction of good in the church, because wood, upon which they were suspended, signified good, and, in the opposite sense, evil, both pertaining to the will. Stoning signified condemnation and a curse on account of the destruction of truth in the church, because stone, with which stoning was effected, signified truth, and, in the opposite sense falsity, both pertaining to the understanding. For all things instituted with the Israelitish and Jewish nation were representative, and thence significative. That wood signifies good, and, in the opposite sense, evil, and that stone signifies truth, and, in the opposite sense, falsity, may be seen in the Arcana Coelestia 643, 3720, 8354). But because it has been hitherto unknown whence the punishment of the cross and of stoning came to the Jews and Israelites, and since it is nevertheless important that this should be known, I will also adduce confirmations from the Word to show that these two punishments also were representative.

[5] That suspension upon wood, or crucifixion, was inflicted on account of the destruction of good in the church, and that thus was represented evil from infernal love, from which comes condemnation and a curse is evident from the following passages.

In Moses:

"If there be a stubborn and rebellious son, obeying not the voice of his father and mother, all the men of the city shall stone him with stones that he die. And if there be in a man sin and judgment of death, and he be slain, thou shalt hang him upon wood; his carcase shall not remain all night upon wood, but burying thou shalt bury him the same day; for he that is hanged is the curse of God, and thou shalt not defile thy land." (Deuteronomy 21:18, 20-23.)

Not obeying the voice of father and mother, signifies in the spiritual sense, to live contrary to the precepts and truths of the church; the punishment for it was therefore stoning. The men of the city who shall stone him signify those who are in the doctrine of the church, a city denoting doctrine. If there be in a man sin and judgment of death, thou shalt hang him upon wood, means if one has done evil against the good of the Word and of the church. Because this was a capital crime, he was to be hung upon wood, for wood, in the Word, signifies good, and in the opposite sense evil. His carcase shall not remain all night upon the wood, but thou shalt bury him the same day, signifies lest there be a representative of eternal damnation. Thou shalt not defile thy land, signifies that it would be a scandal to the church.

[6] In Lamentations:

"Our skins are become black as an oven, because of the storms of famine; they ravished the women in Zion, the virgins in the cities of Judah; their princes were hanged up by the hand, the faces of the elders are not honoured, the young men they have led away to grind, and the boys stumble under wood" (5:10-13).

Zion means the celestial church, which is in the good of love to the Lord; was represented by the Jewish nation. The virgins in the cities of Judah signify the affections for truth from the good of love; the perishing of truths from good by falsities from evil is signified by, their princes were hanged up by the hand. The faces of the elders which are not honoured signify the goods of wisdom; the young men who are led away to grind signify truths from good; and grinding signifies to acquire falsities and to confirm them from the Word; the boys who stumble under wood signify goods just springing up and perishing through evils.

[7] Since a baker, just as bread, signifies the good of love, and a butler, just as wine, signifies the truth of doctrine, therefore the baker was hanged on account of his crime against king Pharaoh. (Genesis 40:19-22; 41:13.) This may be seen explained in the Arcana Coelestia 5139-5169). Since Moab means those who adulterate the goods of the church, and Baalpeor signifies the adulteration of good, therefore it came to pass, that all the chiefs of the people were hung up before the sun, because the people committed whoredom with the daughters of Moab, and bowed themselves down to their gods, and joined themselves to Baalpeor (Numbers 25:1-4). To commit whoredom with the daughters of Moab signifies to adulterate the goods of the church; and to be hung up before the sun signifies condemnation and a curse on account of the destruction of the good of the church.

[8] Because Ai signified knowledges of good and in the opposite sense, confirmations of evil, therefore the king of Ai was hanged on wood, and afterwards thrown down at the entrance of the gate of the city, and the city itself was burned (Joshua 8:26-29). And because the five kings of the Amorites signified evils and falsities therefrom, destroying the goods and truths of the church, therefore those kings were hanged by Joshua, and afterwards cast into the cave of Makkedah (Joshua 10:26, 27). The cave of Makkedah signifies direful falsity from evil.

[9] To be hung upon wood, or crucified, signifies the punishment of evil destroying the good of the church, in Matthew Jesus said,

"I send unto you prophets, wise men, and scribes; some of them ye will kill, crucify, and scourge in the synagogues, and persecute them from city to city" (23:34).

All things which the Lord spoke He spoke from the Divine, but the Divine things from which He spoke fell into the ideas of natural thought and the resulting expressions according to correspondences, like those here and elsewhere in the Evangelists; and as all the words have a spiritual sense, therefore in that sense, prophets, wise men, and scribes, are not meant, but instead of them the truth and good of doctrine and of the Word. For spiritual thought and speech therefrom, like that of the angels, is without the idea of person, therefore by a prophet is signified the truth of doctrine, by wise men the good of doctrine, and by scribes the Word from which is doctrine. It therefore follows, that to kill has reference to the truth of the doctrine of the church, which is meant by a prophet, to crucify has reference to the good of doctrine, which is meant by a wise man, and to scourge has reference to the Word, which is meant by a scribe and that thus "to kill" signifies to extinguish, "to crucify" to destroy, and "to scourge" to pervert. That they will wander from one falsity of doctrine to another is signified by persecuting them from city to city, a city denoting doctrine. This is the spiritual sense of the above words.

[10] In the same,

Jesus said unto the disciples that He must suffer at Jerusalem, and that the Son of Man must be delivered to the chief priests and scribes, and that "they shall condemn him, and deliver him up to the nations to be mocked, to be scourged, and to be crucified, and that on the third day he shall rise again" (Matthew 20:18, 19; Mark 10:32-34).

The spiritual sense of these words is, that Divine Truth, in the church where mere falsities of doctrine and evils of life reign, shall be blasphemed, its truth perverted, and its good destroyed. The Son of Man signifies Divine Truth, which is the Word, and Jerusalem signifies the church where mere falsities and evils reign. The chief priests and scribes signify the adulterations of good and falsifications of truth, both of them from infernal love. By condemning and delivering Him to the nations is signified to relegate Divine Truth and Divine Good to hell, and to deliver them to the evils and falsities which are therefrom, the nations signifying the evils which are from hell and which destroy the goods of the church. To be mocked, to be scourged, and to be crucified, signifies to blaspheme, falsify, and pervert the truth, and to adulterate and destroy the good of the church and of the Word (as above). And the third day He shall rise again, signifies the complete glorification of the Lord's Human.

[11] From these things it is evident what is signified in the spiritual sense by the crucifixion of the Lord, also what is signified by the various mockings on that occasion, as that they set a crown of thorns upon His head; that they smote Him with a reed, and that they spat in His face, besides other things related in the Evangelists, signifying that the Jewish nation thus impiously treated the Divine Truth and Good itself, which the Lord was. For the Lord suffered the impious state of that church to be represented in Himself; this also was signified by His bearing their iniquities (Isaiah 53:11). For it was a common thing for a prophet to take upon himself the representation of the impious states of the church. Thus the prophet Isaiah was commanded to go naked and barefoot three years, in order to represent the church as destitute of good and truth (Isaiah 20:3, 4). The prophet Ezekiel bound in cords laid siege against a tile, on which Jerusalem was portrayed, and ate a cake of barley made with the dung of an ox, to represent that the truth and good of the church were thus besieged by falsities and polluted by evils (Ezekiel 4:1-13). The prophet Hosea was commanded to take to himself a harlot for a woman, and children of whoredoms, in order to represent what was then the quality of the church (Hosea 1:1-11); besides other things of a similar nature. That this was bearing the iniquities of the house of Israel or the church is openly declared in Ezekiel (chap. 4:5, 6). From these things it is evident that everything recorded concerning the Lord's passion was representative of the state of the church with the Jewish nation at that time.

[12] Thus much concerning the punishment of suspension upon wood, or crucifixion. It does not belong to this place to confirm from the Word that the other punishment of death, which was stoning, signified condemnation and a curse on account of the destruction of the truth of the church, still it is evident from the passages in the Word where stoning is mentioned, as in Exodus 21:28-33; Leviticus 24:10-17, 23; Numbers 15:32-37; Deuteronomy 13:10; 17:5-7; 22:20, 21, 24; Ezekiel 16:39-41; 23:45-47; Matthew 23:37; Luke 13:34; 20:6; John 8:7; 10:31, 32; and elsewhere.

  
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Translation by Isaiah Tansley. Many thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.