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Jozua 8

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1 Toen zeide de HEERE tot Jozua: Vrees niet, en ontzet u niet; neem met u al het krijgsvolk, en maak u op, trek op naar Ai; zie, Ik heb den koning van Ai, en zijn volk, en zijn stad, en zijn land in uw hand gegeven.

2 Gij nu zult aan Ai en haar koning doen, gelijk als gij aan Jericho en haar koning gedaan hebt; behalve dat gij haar roof en haar vee voor ulieden roven zult; stel u een achterlage tegen de stad, van achter dezelve.

3 Toen maakte zich Jozua op, en al het krijgsvolk, om op te trekken naar Ai. En Jozua verkoos dertig duizend mannen, strijdbare helden, en hij zond hen bij nacht uit,

4 En gebood hun, zeggende: Ziet toe, gijlieden zult der stad lagen leggen van achter de stad; houdt u niet zeer verre van de stad, en weest gij allen bereid.

5 Ik nu, en al het volk, dat bij mij is, zullen tot de stad naderen; en het zal geschieden, wanneer zij ons tegemoet zullen uitgaan, gelijk als in het eerst, zo zullen wij voor hun aangezicht vlieden.

6 Laat hen dan uitkomen achter ons, totdat wij hen van de stad aftrekken; want zij zullen zeggen: Zij vlieden voor onze aangezichten, gelijk als in het eerst; zo zullen wij vlieden voor hun aangezichten.

7 Dan zult gijlieden opstaan uit de achterlage, en gij zult de stad innemen; want de HEERE, uw God, zal ze in uw hand geven.

8 En het zal geschieden, wanneer gij de stad ingenomen hebt, zo zult gij de stad met vuur aansteken; naar het woord des HEEREN zult gijlieden doen; ziet, ik heb het ulieden geboden.

9 Alzo zond Jozua hen heen, en zij gingen naar de achterlage, en zij bleven tussen Beth-El en tussen Ai, tegen het westen van Ai; maar Jozua overnachtte dien nacht in het midden des volks.

10 En Jozua maakte zich des morgens vroeg op, en hij monsterde het volk; en hij trok op, hij en de oudsten van Israel, voor het aangezicht des volks, naar Ai.

11 Ook trok al het krijgsvolk op, dat bij hem was; en zij naderden en kwamen tegenover de stad, en zij legerden zich tegen het noorden van Ai; en er was een dal tussen hem en tussen Ai.

12 Hij nam ook omtrent vijf duizend man, en hij stelde hen tot een achterlage tussen Beth-El en tussen Ai, aan het westen der stad.

13 En zij stelden het volk, het ganse leger, dat aan het noorden der stad was, en zijn lage was aan het westen der stad. En Jozua ging in denzelven nacht in het midden des dals.

14 En het geschiedde, toen de koning van Ai dat zag, zo haastten zij en maakten zich vroeg op, en de mannen der stad kwamen uit, Israel tegemoet, ten strijde, hij en al zijn volk, ter bestemder tijd, voor het vlakke veld; want hij wist niet, dat hem iemand een achterlage legde van achter de stad.

15 Jozua dan, en gans Israel, werd geslagen voor hun aangezichten; en zij vloden door den weg der woestijn.

16 Daarom werd samengeroepen al het volk, dat in de stad was, om hen na te jagen; en zij joegen Jozua na, en werden van de stad afgetrokken.

17 En er werd niet een man overgelaten, in Ai, noch Beth-El, die niet uittrokken, Israel na; en zij lieten de stad openstaan, en joegen Israel achterna.

18 Toen sprak de HEERE tot Jozua: Strek de spies uit, die in uw hand is, naar Ai, want Ik zal hen in uw hand geven. Toen strekte Jozua de spies, die in zijn hand was, naar de stad aan.

19 Toen rees de achterlage haastelijk op van haar plaats, en zij liepen toe, met dat hij zijn hand uitgestrekt had, en kwamen aan de stad, en zij namen ze in, en zij haastten zich, en staken de stad aan met vuur.

20 Als de mannen van Ai zich achterom keerden, zo zagen zij, en ziet, de rook der stad ging op naar den hemel; en zij hadden geen ruimte, om herwaarts of derwaarts te vlieden; want het volk, dat naar de woestijn vluchtte, keerde zich tegen degenen, die hen najoegen.

21 En Jozua en gans Israel, ziende, dat de achterlage de stad ingenomen had, en dat de rook der stad opging, zo keerden zij zich om, en sloegen de mannen van Ai.

22 Ook kwamen die uit de stad hun tegemoet, zodat zij in het midden der Israelieten waren, deze van hier en gene van daar; en zij sloegen hen, totdat geen overige onder hen overbleef, noch die ontkwam.

23 Doch den koning van Ai grepen zij levend, en zij brachten hem tot Jozua.

24 En het geschiedde, toen de Israelieten een einde gemaakt hadden van al de inwoners van Ai te doden, op het veld, in de woestijn, in dewelke zij hen nagejaagd hadden, en dat zij allen door de scherpte des zwaards gevallen waren, totdat zij allen vernield waren; zo keerde zich gans Israel naar Ai, en zij sloegen ze met de scherpte des zwaards.

25 En het geschiedde, dat allen, die te dien dage vielen, zo mannen als vrouwen, waren twaalf duizend, al te zamen lieden van Ai.

26 Jozua trok ook zijn hand niet terug, die hij met de spies had uitgestrekt, totdat hij al de inwoners van Ai verbannen had.

27 Alleenlijk roofden de Israelieten voor zichzelven het vee en den buit derzelver stad, naar het woord des HEEREN, dat Hij Jozua geboden had.

28 Jozua nu verbrandde Ai, en hij stelde haar tot een eeuwigen hoop, ter verwoesting, tot op dezen dag.

29 En den koning van Ai hing hij aan een hout, tot aan den avondstond; en omtrent den ondergang der zon gebood Jozua, dat men zijn dood lichaam van het hout afname; en zij wierpen het aan de deur der stadspoort, en richtten daarop een groten steenhoop, zijnde tot op dezen dag.

30 Toen bouwde Jozua een altaar den HEERE, den God van Israel, op den berg Ebal;

31 Gelijk als Mozes, de knecht des HEEREN, den kinderen Israels geboden had, achtereenvolgens hetgeen geschreven is in het wetboek van Mozes: een altaar van gehele stenen, over dewelke men geen ijzer bewogen had; en daarop offerden zij den HEERE brandofferen; ook offerden zij dankofferen.

32 Aldaar schreef hij ook op stenen een dubbel van de wet van Mozes, hetwelk hij geschreven heeft voor het aangezicht der kinderen Israels.

33 En gans Israel met zijn oudsten, en ambtlieden, en zijn rechters, stonden aan deze en aan gene zijde der ark, voor de Levietische priesteren, die de ark des verbonds des HEEREN droegen, zo vreemdelingen als inboorlingen, een helft daarvan tegenover den berg Gerizim, en een helft daarvan tegenover den berg Ebal, gelijk als Mozes, de knecht des HEEREN, bevolen had; om het volk van Israel in het eerst te zegenen.

34 En daarna las hij overluid al de woorden der wet, de zegening en den vloek, naar alles, wat in het wetboek geschreven staat.

35 Daar was niet een woord van al hetgeen Mozes geboden had, dat Jozua niet overluid las voor de gehele gemeente van Israel, en de vrouwen, en de kleine kinderen, en de vreemdelingen, die in het midden van hen wandelden.

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Joshua 8

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Joshua 8: The fall of Ai and the renewal of the covenant.

The events of this chapter - and their spiritual meaning for us - follow on from the previous chapter. After their first setback at Ai, the Children of Israel take the city of Ai by using a clever ruse. Joshua chose thirty thousand men for the battle. The plan was for five thousand of them to hide near the city, while he led the main army to attack the city. Then, Joshua and his forces would pretend to run away, pursued by the men of Ai. Those who had hidden were then to come out, go into the city, and set it on fire. The men of Ai would see this and run back, get ambushed, and be caught between Joshua’s two armies.

It all happened as planned, and Israel took Ai. (See Arcana Caelestia 1557). As with Jericho, everything in Ai was commanded to be destroyed, except that in this case the livestock and the city’s spoils were to be kept. The whole city was burned and its king was hanged on a tree until sunset and then his body was thrown down at the city entrance with a great heap of stones put over it.

The basic spiritual meaning of any battle in the Bible such as this, is to show how a heavenly principle can and will overcome a hellish or evil attack, especially for us, during some temptation - when we seek to resist and fight back.

Evil is only strong in illusion and fear-mongering; when the light of what is true shines on evil it gets shown for what it is. (Heaven and Hell 49)

The city’s name “Ai” means “a heap”. The word gets used several times in the text of the chapter. A heap implies rubble and rubbish. Cities sometimes look noble and well-planned; in Ai’s case it was the very opposite - a heap, a ruin. (Heaven and Hell 586[2])

While Jericho generally represents our wrong thinking, which first stands in the way of our regeneration and spiritual will, Ai represents our evil emotions and our selfish passions. Both of them must fall before we can make further progress.

Joshua chooses a large number to go against a relatively few in Ai, who nevertheless all rush out to fight Israel. “There was not a man left in Ai or Bethel who did not go out after Israel. Thus they left the city open.” (Joshua 8:17)

Joshua’s tactic of drawing out the men of Ai means our challenge to evil - by confronting it with the truths and commandments we know and obey. Joshua’s pretence of fleeing away draws Ai out in glee, interpreting the flight as a real retreat. Then everything turns, and Joshua’s men go forward representing the power of the truth, the Word and our persuasion of their effectiveness in winning. (Arcana Caelestia 6344[4])

Ai’s men see their city on fire, for other Israelites entered Ai and set it ablaze. This represents the self-condemnation of evil, of hell, when it is exposed to what is true, heavenly and of God. But Joshua’s men, lying in ambush and waiting for the moment, represent our keen observation of how our selfish desires work to cause havoc in us. They are 5,000. Symbolically, in the Bible, five or its multiples always stand for a small amount - but enough to use.

Hanging the king of Ai stands for our need to put down the controlling power of any evil which stirs us. And all Ai is destroyed, because all evil must be turned against and refused.

Then, and only then, Joshua remakes the covenant with the Lord God; he builds an altar, he writes a copy on stones of the Law of Moses in the presence of all Israel, the priests stand in two groups in front of two mountains, then Joshua reads the words of blessing and cursing and all the Law of Moses.

After we resist any evil and its temptation, we must re-hear and re-affirm the truth that this was the Lord’s victory, not ours, and re-dedicate ourselves to the life the Lord gives us. (True Christian Religion 13[2])

Ze Swedenborgových děl

 

Arcana Coelestia # 6000

Prostudujte si tuto pasáž

  
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6000. 'And God spoke to Israel in visions of the night' means obscure revelation. This is clear from the meaning of 'God spoke in visions' as revelation. For revelations were made either by means of dreams, or by night visions, or by daytime visions, or by utterances made within a person, or by utterances made outside him by angels who had become visible, as well as by utterances made outside by angels who had not become visible. Various kinds of revelation are meant in the Word by all these. 'A vision of the night' means revelation that is obscure, since 'night' means obscurity, 1712, 2514, and in the spiritual sense obscurity implies that truth is not visible. In the Word 'night' also means falsity due to evil; for people who because of evil are subject to falsity dwell in the obscurity of night, which is why all in hell are said to be in night. Those in hell do, it is true, have an inferior kind of light, for they see one another; but that light is like the light emitted by a coal fire, which is turned into darkness and pitch darkness when heavenly light flows in. This is why the inhabitants of hell are said to be in night and are called angels of the night and darkness, whereas the inhabitants of heaven are called angels of the day and light.

[2] The meaning of 'the night' as obscurity and also falsity may be seen in addition from the following places in the Word: In John,

Jesus said, Are there not twelve hours in the day? If anyone walks in the day he does not stumble. But if anyone walks in the night he stumbles, because the light is not in him. John 11:9-10.

'Twelve hours' stands for all states of truth. 'Walking in the day' stands for living in the truth, and 'walking in the night' for living in falsity.

[3] In the same gospel,

I must work the works of Him who sent Me while it is day; night is coming when nobody will be able to work. John 9:4.

'Day' stands for truth coming from good, and 'night' for falsity coming from evil. The first period of the Church is what is meant by 'day', for at this time truth is entertained by people because they are governed by good. But the final period of the Church is what is meant by 'night', for at that time no truth at all is entertained by its members, because they are not governed by good; and when someone is not governed by good, that is, by charity towards the neighbour, then even if told perfect truths he does not entertain them. In this situation there is no perception at all of what truth is, because the light of truth falls on matters of a bodily and worldly nature, to which alone such people give their attention and which alone they love and consider to have any reality. It does not fall on things of a heavenly nature because they are considered to be of little or no value at all compared with other things. Consequently the light of truth is swallowed up by and snuffed out in what is a mass of thick darkness, like sunlight falling on an object that is black. This is what is meant by 'night is coming when nobody will be able to work'; and the situation is like this at the present day.

[4] In Matthew,

While the bridegroom was tarrying all the virgins were drowsy and went to sleep. But at midnight there was a shout, Behold, the bridegroom is coming. Matthew 25:5-7.

'Midnight' too stands for the final period of the old Church when no faith at all exists because no charity at all does so, and also for the first period of the new Church. In Luke,

I tell you, in that night there will be two upon one bed; one will be taken, the other left. Luke 17:34.

'Night' in the same way here stands for the final period of the old Church, and the first of the new.

[5] In Matthew,

Jesus said to the disciples, All of you will be made to stumble [by sinning] against Me this night. And to Peter, This night, before the cock crows, you will deny Me three times. Matthew 26:31, 34.

The Lord allowed Himself to be arrested at night, and this was a sign that Divine Truth dwelt for them in the obscurity of night and that falsity springing from evil existed in place of it. Peter's denial of the Lord three times that night also represented the final period of the Church when the truth of faith is indeed taught, but no one believes it. This final period is 'night' because at this time people utterly deny the Lord in their hearts. For like the twelve tribes of Israel, the twelve apostles represented all the aspects of faith, 577, 2089, 2129 (end), 2130 (end), 3272, 3354, 3488, 3858, 3913, 3926, 3939, 4060; and Peter represented the faith of the Church, see Preface to Genesis 18, also Preface to Genesis 22, as well as 3750, 4738. So it was that the Lord said to Peter that he would deny Him three times that night, and to the disciples, 'All of you will be made to stumble [by sinning] against Me this night'.

[6] In Isaiah,

One was calling to me from Seir, Watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night? The watchman said, Morning comes, and also the night.

This refers to the Coming of the Lord, which is 'morning'. That Coming took place when spiritual truth existed no longer on earth, which is 'the night'.

[7] In Zechariah,

There will be one day, which is known to Jehovah, not day nor night, because around evening time there will be light. It will happen, that on that day living waters will go out from Jerusalem. And Jehovah will be King over all the earth; on that day there will be one Jehovah, and His name one. Zechariah 14:7-9.

This too refers to the Lord, and also to a new Church. The prophecy that Jehovah, who will be King, will be one and that His name will be one refers to the Lord's Divine Human, which will be one with the Divine Himself, called the Father. Prior to the Lord's Coming the Divine Human was Jehovah in the heavens; for it was by His passing through the heavens that He presented Himself as a Divine Person before the eyes of many on earth. In those times the Divine Human was not so much one with the Divine Himself, called the Father, as when the Lord had made the Divine Human within Himself completely one with the Father. Prior to His Coming the two were seemingly distinct and separate, as is evident from Genesis 19:24, where it says that Jehovah rained on Sodom and Gomorrah brimstone and fire from 1 Jehovah out of heaven, 2447. A day when it will be 'not day nor night' is the time when the Lord was born, for then it was 'evening', that is, when representatives in the Church came to an end. 'Light around evening time' is Divine Truth which is to appear then.

[8] In Isaiah,

Surely at night Ar has been laid waste, Moab has been cut off; surely at night Kir of Moab has been laid waste. Isaiah 15:1.

'Moab' stands for natural good, and in the contrary sense for adulterated good, 2468; in this text a laying waste of that good is referred to. Acts of laying waste are said to happen at night because they are occasions when truth is rendered obscure and falsity enters in. In Jeremiah,

The great city will weep bitterly in the night, and her tears are on her cheeks. Lamentations 1:2.

This refers to a desolation of truth, 'night' standing for falsity.

[9] In David,

You will not be afraid of the terror of the night, of the arrow that flies by day, nor of the death that lays waste at noonday. Psalms 91:5-6.

'The terror of the night' stands for falsities arising from evil that come from hell. 'The arrow that flies by day' stands for falsity that is taught openly and is destructive of good. 'The death that lays waste at noonday' is evil that is openly practised in life and is destructive of good. In John,

The gates of the holy Jerusalem will not be shut by day, for there is no night there. Revelation 21:25.

There will be no night there, nor do they need a lamp or light of the sun, for the Lord God gives them light. Revelation 22:5.

'There will be no night there' stands for no falsity there. In Daniel,

Daniel said, I saw in my vision when it was night. After this also I saw in visions of the night. Daniel 7:2, 7.

'Visions of the night' also stands for obscure revelation; for that chapter in Daniel describes four beasts and their horns, and gives many details belonging to revelation that was obscure. Something similar is involved with the different coloured horses that Zechariah saw at night, Zechariah 1:8 and following verses.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. Two Latin words meaning from and with are in fact used here; they represent a double preposition in the Hebrew.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.