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Jeremia 48

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1 Tegen Moab zegt de HEERE der heirscharen, de God Israels, alzo: Wee over Nebo, want zij is verstoord; Kirjathaim is beschaamd, zij is ingenomen; de stad des hogen vertreks is beschaamd en verschrikt.

2 Moabs roem van Hesbon is er niet meer; zij hebben kwaad tegen haar gedacht, zeggende: Komt, en laat ons haar uitroeien, dat zij geen volk meer zij; ook gij, o Madmen! zult nedergehouwen worden, het zwaard zal achter u heengaan.

3 Er is een stem des gekrijts van Horonaim; verstoring en een grote breuk!

4 Moab is verbroken; haar kleine kinderen hebben een gekrijt laten horen.

5 Want in den opgang van Luhith zal geween bij geween opgaan, want in den afgang van Horonaim hebben Moabs wederpartijders een jammergeschrei gehoord.

6 Vlucht, redt ulieder ziel! en wordt als de heide in de woestijn;

7 Want om uw vertrouwen op uw werken, en op uw schatten, zult gij ook ingenomen worden; en Kamos zal henen uitgaan in gevangenis, zijn priesteren en zijn vorsten te zamen.

8 Want de verstoorder zal komen over elke stad, dat niet een stad ontkomen zal; en het dal zal verderven, en het effen veld verdelgd worden; want de HEERE heeft het gezegd.

9 Geeft Moab vederen, want al vliegende zal zij uitgaan; en haar steden zullen ter verwoesting worden, dat niemand in dezelve wone.

10 Vervloekt zij, die des HEEREN werk bedriegelijk doet; ja, vervloekt zij, die zijn zwaard van het bloed onthoudt!

11 Moab is van zijn jeugd aan gerust geweest, en hij heeft op zijn heffe stil gelegen, en is van vat in vat niet geledigd, en heeft niet gewandeld in gevangenis; daarom is zijn smaak in hem gebleven, en zijn reuk niet veranderd.

12 Daarom, ziet, de dagen komen, spreekt de HEERE, dat Ik hem vreemde gasten zal toeschikken, die hem in vreemde plaatsen zullen voeren, en zijn vaten ledigen, en hunlieder flessen in stukken slaan.

13 En Moab zal beschaamd worden vanwege Kamos, gelijk als het huis Israels beschaamd is geworden vanwege Beth-El, hunlieder vertrouwen.

14 Hoe zult gij zeggen: Wij zijn helden en dappere mannen ten strijde?

15 Moab is verstoord, en uit zijn steden opgegaan, en de keur zijner jongelingen is ter slachting afgegaan, spreekt de Koning, Wiens Naam is HEERE der heirscharen.

16 Moabs verderf is nabij om te komen, en zijn kwaad haast zeer.

17 Beklaagt hem, gij allen, die rondom hem zijt, en allen, die zijn naam kent; zegt: Hoe is de sterke staf, de sierlijke stok verbroken?

18 Daal neder uit uw heerlijkheid, en woon in dorst, gij inwoneres, gij dochter van Dibon! want Moabs verstoorder is tegen u opgetogen, hij heeft uw vestingen verdorven.

19 Sta aan den weg, en zie toe, gij inwoneres van Aroer! Vraag den vluchtenden man en de ontkomene vrouw; zeg: Wat is er geschied?

20 Moab is beschaamd, want hij is verslagen; huilt en krijt! verkondigt te Arnon, dat Moab verstoord is.

21 En het oordeel is gekomen over het vlakke land; over Holon, en over Jahza, en over Mefaath.

22 En over Dibon, en over Nebo, en over Beth-Diblathaim,

23 En over Kirjathaim, en over Beth-Gamul, en over Beth-Meon,

24 En over Kerioth, en over Bozra; ja, over alle steden van Moabs land, die verre en die nabij zijn.

25 Moabs hoorn is afgesneden, en zijn arm verbroken, spreekt de HEERE.

26 Maak hem dronken, omdat hij zich groot gemaakt heeft tegen den HEERE; zo zal Moab met de handen klappen in zijn uitspuwsel, en hij zelf zal ook ter belaching zijn.

27 Want is u niet Israel ter belaching geweest? Was hij onder de dieven gevonden, dat gij u zo bewoogt, van den tijd af, dat uw woorden van hem waren?

28 Verlaat de steden, en woont in de steenrots, gij inwoners van Moab! en wordt gelijk een duif, die in de doorgangen van den mond eens hols nestelt.

29 Wij hebben Moabs hovaardij gehoord (hij is zeer hovaardig), zijn trotsheid, en zijn hovaardij, en zijn hoogmoed, en zijns harten hoogmoed.

30 Ik ken zijn verbolgenheid, spreekt de HEERE, maar niet alzo; zijn grendelen doen het zo niet.

31 Daarom zal Ik over Moab huilen, ja, om gans Moab zal Ik krijten; over de lieden van Kir-heres zal men zuchten.

32 Boven het geween van Jaezer zal Ik u bewenen, gij wijnstok van Sibma! uw wijnranken zijn over zee gegaan, zij hebben gereikt tot aan Jaezers zee; maar de verstoorder is gevallen op uw zomervruchten en op uw wijnoogst;

33 Zodat de blijdschap en verheuging uit het vruchtbare veld, namelijk uit Moabs land, weggenomen is; want Ik heb den wijn doen ophouden uit de kuipen; men zal geen druiven treden met vreugdegeschrei; het vreugdegeschrei zal geen vreugdegeschrei zijn.

34 Vanwege Hesbons gekrijt tot Eleale toe, tot Jahaz toe, hebben zij hun stem verheven, van Zoar tot aan Horonaim, die driejarige vaarze; want ook de wateren van Nimrim zullen tot verwoestingen worden.

35 En Ik zal in Moab doen ophouden, spreekt de HEERE, dien, die op de hoogte offert, en die zijn goden rookt.

36 Daarom zal Mijn hart over Moab getier maken als de fluiten; ook zal Mijn hart over de lieden van Kir-heres getier maken als de fluiten, omdat het overschot, dat hij gemaakt had, verloren is.

37 Want alle hoofden zijn kaal, en alle baarden afgekort; op alle handen zijn insnijdingen, en op de lenden is een zak.

38 Op alle daken van Moab, en op al haar straten is overal misbaar; want Ik heb Moab verbroken als een vat, waar men geen lust aan heeft, spreekt de HEERE.

39 Hoe is hij verslagen! zij huilen; hoe heeft Moab den nek met schaamte gewend! Alzo zal Moab allen, die rondom hem zijn, tot belaching en tot een ontzetting worden.

40 Want zo zegt de HEERE: Ziet, hij zal snel vliegen als een arend, en hij zal zijn vleugelen over Moab uitbreiden.

41 Elk een der steden is gewonnen, en elk een der vastigheden is ingenomen; en het hart van Moabs helden zal te dien dage wezen, als het hart ener vrouw, die in nood is.

42 Want Moab zal verdelgd worden, dat hij geen volk zij, omdat hij zich groot gemaakt heeft tegen den HEERE.

43 De vreze, en de kuil, en de strik, over u, gij inwoner van Moab! spreekt de HEERE.

44 Die van de vreze ontvliedt, zal in den kuil vallen, en die uit den kuil opkomt, zal in den strik gevangen worden; want Ik zal over haar, over Moab, het jaar van hunlieder bezoeking brengen, spreekt de HEERE.

45 Die voor des vijands macht vluchtten, bleven staan in de schaduw van Hesbon; maar een vuur is uitgegaan van Hesbon, en een vlam van tussen Sihon, en heeft de hoeken van Moab en den schedel der kinderen van het gedruis verteerd.

46 Wee u, Moab! het volk van Kamos is verloren; want uw zonen zijn weggenomen in gevangenis; ook zijn uw dochters in gevangenis.

47 Maar in het laatste der dagen, zal Ik Moabs gevangenis wenden, spreekt de HEERE. Tot hiertoe is Moabs oordeel.

   

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Apocalypse Explained # 637

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637. Clothed in sackcloth, signifies in mourning because of the non-reception of Divine good and Divine truth. This is evident from the signification of "clothed in sackcloth," as being mourning because of the vastation and desolation of Divine good and Divine truth, here because of their non-reception; for the witnesses were seen clothed in sackcloth, and they signify the Divine good, from which is every good of love and charity, and the Divine truth, from which is every truth of doctrine and faith; these appear to be in mourning when they are not received, but in joy when they are received.

[2] Likewise it is said of the sun and moon, which also signify the good of love and the truth of faith, that:

The sun became black as sackcloth of hair, and the moon became as blood (Revelation 6:12),

which signifies that every good of love was separated, and every truth of faith falsified (See above, n. 401); not that the sun in the angelic heaven, which is the Lord, ever becomes black, but that it so appears to those who receive no light from it.

[3] In ancient times, when the externals of the church consisted of mere correspondences and thence of representatives of things spiritual, mourning was represented by many things that are significative; as by sitting and lying on the ground, rolling themselves in the dust, by putting ashes on the head, rending the garments, and putting on sackcloth. "Rending the garments and putting on sackcloth" signified mourning because of the desolation of truth and good in the church, and because of the nonreception of them; for "garments" in general signified the truths of the church (See above, n. 64, 65, 195, 271, 395, 475, 476); therefore "rending the garments" signified grief because the truths of the church are hurt and as it were rent asunder by falsities; and "to be clothed in sackcloth" signifies mourning because of the deprivation of good and truth, and the consequent vastation of the church.

[4] For this reason:

When Hezekiah the king heard the words of Tartan the captain of the king of Assyria, he rent his clothes and covered himself with sackcloth, and came to the house of Jehovah; and he sent Eliakim who was over the house, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered with sackcloth, to Isaiah (2 Kings 19:1, 2; Isaiah 37:1, 2).

This was done because the "king of Assyria" here signifies the perverted rational, or the rational that perverts the truths and goods of the church and destroys them by falsities; all the words of Tartan the captain of the king of Assyria, involve such things; and because the desolation and vastation of the church was seen to be imminent, to exhibit mourning and grief on this account they rent their garments and covered themselves with sackcloth.

[5] Likewise:

When Benhadad the king of Syria besieged Samaria, and there came a great famine, the king rent his clothes, and as he passed by upon the wall the people saw that, behold, sackcloth was upon his flesh within (2 Kings 6:30).

This has a similar signification as above, namely, the imminent desolation and devastation of the church; for this reason the king rent his garments and had sackcloth upon his flesh, which was a representative sign of mourning and grief.

[6] Mourning for like reasons is signified also by the following:

Jacob, when he believed that Joseph was torn to pieces, rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his loins, and mourned for his son many days (Genesis 37:34).

So when Ahab, by the advice of Jezebel his wife, had taken away the vineyard of Naboth, and had heard the hard words of the prophet respecting that matter, he rent his clothes and put sackcloth upon his flesh, and fasted, yea, he lay in sackcloth, and went softly (1 Kings 21:27).

The king of Nineveh also, when he heard the words of Jonah, arose up from his throne, and laid his robe from him and covered him with sackcloth, and sat upon ashes, and proclaimed a fast, and that man and beast should be covered with sackcloth (Jonah 3:5, 6, 8).

So also Daniel set his face to the Lord God, to seek by supplication and prayer in fasting, sackcloth, and ashes (Daniel 9:3).

When Abner was slain, David said to Joab and to all the people that were with him, that they should rend their clothes and gird them with sackcloth, and mourn before Abner; and David himself walked behind the bier (2 Samuel 3:31).

This makes clear that in the Jewish and Israelitish church mourning was represented by "rending the clothes and being clothed in sackcloth;" and this because grief of mind and mourning of heart, which were interior things, were represented at that time by external things, which because of their correspondences with spiritual things were significative.

[7] That the representation of mourning by sackcloth signified especially mourning because of the desolation of truth and vastation of good in the church, and also, in particular, repentance, with mourning of heart on account of evils, can be seen further from the following passages. In Isaiah:

In that day will the Lord Jehovih of hosts call to weeping and to lamenting, and to baldness, and to girding on sackcloth (Isaiah 22:12).

This chapter treats of the vastation of the church in respect to Divine truth; its mourning is described by "baldness" and by "putting on sackcloth."

[8] In Jeremiah:

The lion is gone up from the thicket, and the destroyer of nations journeyeth; he hath gone forth out of his place to make the land a waste; thy cities shall be destroyed, that there shall be no inhabitant; for this gird ye with sackcloth, lament, howl (Jeremiah 4:7, 8).

"The lion from the thicket" signifies the falsity of evil destroying the truths of the church; and "the destroyer of nations" signifies the evil of falsity destroying the good of the church; the "land that they will make a waste" signifies the church, and the "cities that shall be destroyed" signify the truths of doctrine; "to gird with sackcloth" signifies mourning on this account, therefore it is added "lament and howl."

[9] In the same:

O daughter of My people, gird thee with sackcloth and roll thee in ashes; make thee mourning for an only one, a lamentation of bitterness, for the waster shall suddenly come upon us (Jeremiah 6:26).

"Daughter of the people" means the church; "to gird herself with sackcloth and roll herself in ashes" signifies mourning because of the destruction of the good and truth of the church; the destruction of these or the vastation of the church is meant by "the waster shall suddenly come." Evidently grievous mourning and grief because of the destruction of good and truth is signified by "gird thee with sackcloth and roll thee in ashes," for it is added "make thee mourning for an only one, a lamentation of bitterness."

[10] In the same:

Howl, O Heshbon, for Ai is devastated; cry out, ye daughters of Rabbah; gird ye with sackcloth, lament, and wander among the walls; for their king is gone into exile, his priests and princes together (Jeremiah 49:3).

This is said of the sons of Ammon, who signify such as are in natural good and falsify the truths of the church; those who are such in the church are meant by "the daughters of Rabbah;" mourning because of the destruction of truth by falsifications is signified by "Gird ye with sackcloth, lament, wander among the walls," "walls" signifying truths falsified; that the truth of the church perished in consequence is signified by "their king is gone into exile," "king" signifying the truth of the church, and "to go into exile" signifying to be destroyed. That the goods of the church and all truths therefrom likewise perished, is signified by "priests and princes together," "priests" signifying the goods of the church, and "princes" the truths therefrom.

[11] In Lamentations:

The elders of the daughter of Zion sit upon the earth, they keep silence, they have cast up dust upon their head, they have girded themselves with sackcloth; the virgins of Jerusalem bend their head down to the earth (Lamentations 2:10).

"To sit upon the earth," "to keep silence," "to cast up dust upon the head," and "to make the head to bend down to the earth," were all signs representative of mourning and grief because of the vastation of the church by evils and falsities. "The elders of the daughter of Zion" signify those that are wise and intelligent in the church, and in an abstract sense wisdom and intelligence; "daughters of Zion and the virgins of Jerusalem" signify those in the church who are in the affection of good and truth, and in an abstract sense these affections themselves.

[12] In Ezekiel:

The shipmasters shall make themselves bald for thee, and gird them with sackcloth, and they shall weep over thee in bitterness of soul, with bitter lamentation (Ezekiel 27:31).

This is said of Tyre, which signifies the church in respect to the knowledges of truth and good, and therefore also the knowledges of truth and good which belong to the church; here mourning on account of the destruction of these is described. "Shipmasters" signify all who bring and communicate these knowledges; "to make bald" signifies mourning on account of the destruction of all things of intelligence; "to gird with sackcloth" signifies mourning because the ability to know truth is also destroyed. Because mourning is what is described, it is added, "they shall weep over thee in bitterness of soul, with bitter lamentation. "

[13] In the Gospels:

Woe unto thee Chorazin, woe unto thee Bethsaida, for if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon which have been done in you, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes (Matthew 11:21; Luke 10:13).

"To repent in sackcloth and ashes" means to grieve and mourn because of the nonreception of Divine truth, and because of the falsities and evils that obstruct.

[14] In Joel:

Howl as a virgin girded with sackcloth for the bridegroom of her youth; gird ye and lament, ye priests; howl, ye ministers of the altar; come, pass the night in sackcloth, ye ministers of my God, for the meal offering and the drink offering are withholden from the house of your God (Joel 1:8, 13).

Here "to be girded with sackcloth" and "to pass the night in sackcloth" signify mourning because the good and truth of the church are destroyed, for the "meal offering" signifies the good of the church, and the "drink offering" its truth.

[15] In Amos:

I will bring up sackcloth upon all loins, and baldness upon every head, and I will make it as a mourning for an only one, and its latter end as a bitter day (Amos 8:10).

"Sackcloth upon the loins" signifies mourning because the good of love is destroyed, for this is signified by the "loins;" and "baldness upon the head" signifies mourning because the understanding of truth is destroyed.

[16] In Isaiah:

Upon all the heads of Moab is baldness, every beard shaven; in its streets they have girded themselves with sackcloth; upon its roofs and in its streets he shall howl, flowing down in weeping (Isaiah 15:2, 3).

In Jeremiah:

Every head baldness, and every beard shaven; upon all hands gashes, and upon the loins sackcloth; upon all the roofs of Moab and in its streets mourning everywhere (Jeremiah 48:37, 38).

"Moab" signifies those who are in natural good and who adulterate the goods of the church; that such have no understanding of truth or knowledge [scientia] of truth is signified by "upon all the heads of Moab baldness, and every beard shaven," also by "upon its roofs and in its streets he shall howl" and "there shall be mourning;" "upon all hands gashes" signifies things falsified; mourning because of these things is signified by "to gird with sackcloth," and "to howl," and "to flow down in weeping."

[17] In Isaiah:

It shall come to pass in place of spices there shall be rottenness, and in place of a girdle tatters, and in place of braided work baldness, and in place of a robe a girding of sackcloth, in place of beauty burning; thy men shall fall by the sword, and thy might in the war (Isaiah 3:24, 25).

This is said of "the daughters of Zion," by whom the church in respect to the affections of celestial good is signified, therefore "the daughters of Zion" signify the affections of good that belong to the celestial church. The loss and dissipation of these through the pride of self-intelligence is here described by the various things with which these daughters adorn themselves; the change of these affections into opposite and unbeautiful affections is signified by "in place of spices there shall be rottenness, in place of a girdle tatters, in place of braided work baldness, in place of a robe a girding of sackcloth, and in place of beauty burning;" "rottenness" signifies the vital perishing; "in place of a girdle tatters" signifies the dissipation of perceptions of truth instead of their union; "in place of braided work baldness" signifies imbecility instead of knowledge [scientia]; "in place of beauty burning" signifies foolishness instead of intelligence, "burning" signifying insanity from the pride of self-intelligence, which is foolishness, and "beauty" signifying intelligence. That the truths of the understanding will perish by falsities, even till there is no resistance against evils, is signified by "thy men shall fall by the sword and thy might in the war," "sword" meaning falsity destroying the truth.

[18] "Sackcloth" has a similar meaning in the following passages. In Ezekiel:

All hands are relaxed, all knees go into waters, whence they shall gird themselves with sackcloth, and terror shall cover them, and upon all faces shall be shame, and upon all heads baldness (Ezekiel 7:17, 18).

In David:

I, when they were sick, made sackcloth my vesture, I afflicted my soul with hunger (Psalms 35:13).

When I wept in the fast of my soul it became to me a reproach; when I made sackcloth my garment I became a byword to them (Psalms 69:10, 11).

In Job:

I have sewed sackcloth upon my skin, and have put my horn in the dust; my face has been soiled by weeping (Job 16:15, 16).

In Isaiah:

I clothe the heavens with blackness, and I make sackcloth their covering (Isaiah 50:3).

And in David:

Thou hast turned for me my mourning into dancing, thou hast loosed my sackcloth and hast girded me with joy (Psalms 30:11).

In these passages, too, "sackcloth" signifies mourning; and "to gird sackcloth over the body instead of the vesture" signifies mourning because of the destruction of the truth of the church; and "to gird sackcloth upon the loins and upon the flesh" signifies mourning because of the destruction of the good of the church; for "the vesture" signifies the truth of the church, and "loins and flesh" signify the good of the church.

[19] That "girding with sackcloth" was merely representative and thus significative of mourning and repentance, but was not in itself mourning and repentance, is evident in Isaiah:

Is such the fast that I shall choose, the day for a man to afflict his soul, to bow down his head as a rush, and to lie down in sackcloth and ashes; wilt thou call this a fast, and the day of Jehovah's good pleasure? Is not this the fast that I choose, to loose the bonds of wickedness, to break thy bread to the hungry, and to bring the afflicted exiles to the home, and when thou seest the naked that thou cover him? (Isaiah 58:5-7)

And in Joel:

Turn ye back unto me with your whole heart, and in fasting and in weeping and in lamentation, and rend your heart and not your garments (Joel 2:12, 13).

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.

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