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I Samuël 8

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1 Het geschiedde nu, toen Samuel oud geworden was, zo stelde hij zijn zonen tot richters over Israel.

2 De naam van zijn eerstgeborenen zoon nu was Joel, en de naam van zijn tweeden was Abia; zij waren richters te Ber-seba.

3 Doch zijn zonen wandelden niet in zijn wegen; maar zij neigden zich tot de gierigheid, en namen geschenken, en bogen het recht.

4 Toen vergaderden zich alle oudsten van Israel, en zij kwamen tot Samuel te Rama;

5 En zij zeiden tot hem: Zie, gij zijt oud geworden, en uw zonen wandelen niet in uw wegen; zo zet nu een koning over ons, om ons te richten, gelijk al de volken hebben.

6 Maar dit woord was kwaad in de ogen van Samuel, als zij zeiden: Geef ons een koning, om ons te richten. En Samuel bad den HEERE aan.

7 Doch de HEERE zeide tot Samuel: Hoor naar de stem des volks in alles, wat zij tot u zeggen zullen; want zij hebben u niet verworpen, maar zij hebben Mij verworpen, dat Ik geen Koning over hen zal zijn.

8 Naar de werken, die zij gedaan hebben, van dien dag af, toen Ik hen uit Egypte geleid heb, tot op dezen dag toe, en hebben Mij verlaten en andere goden gediend; alzo doen zij u ook.

9 Hoor dan nu naar hun stem; doch als gij hen op het hoogste zult betuigd hebben, zo zult gij hen te kennen geven de wijze des konings, die over hen regeren zal.

10 Samuel nu zeide al de woorden des HEEREN het volk aan, hetwelk een koning van hem begeerde.

11 En zeide: Dit zal des konings wijze zijn, die over u regeren zal: hij zal uw zonen nemen, dat hij hen zich stelle tot zijn wagen, en tot zijn ruiteren, dat zij voor zijn wagen henen lopen;

12 En dat hij hen zich stelle tot oversten der duizenden, en tot oversten der vijftigen; en dat zij zijn akker ploegen, en dat zij zijn oogst oogsten, en dat zij zijn krijgswapenen maken, mitsgaders zijn wapentuig.

13 En uw dochteren zal hij nemen tot apothekeressen, en tot keukenmaagden, en tot baksters.

14 En uw akkers, en uw wijngaarden, en uw olijfgaarden, die de beste zijn, zal hij nemen, en zal ze aan zijn knechten geven.

15 En uw zaad, en uw wijngaarden zal hij vertienen, en hij zal ze aan zijn hovelingen, en aan zijn knechten geven.

16 En hij zal uw knechten, en uw dienstmaagden, en uw beste jongelingen, en uw ezelen nemen, en hij zal zijn werk daarmede doen.

17 Hij zal uw kudden vertienen; en gij zult hem tot knechten zijn.

18 Gij zult wel te dien dage roepen, vanwege uw koning, dien gij u zult verkoren hebben, maar de HEERE zal u te dien dage niet verhoren.

19 Doch het volk weigerde Samuels stem te horen; en zij zeiden: Neen, maar er zal een koning over ons zijn.

20 En wij zullen ook zijn gelijk al de volken; en onze koning zal ons richten, en hij zal voor onze aangezichten uitgaan, en hij zal onze krijgen voeren.

21 Als Samuel al de woorden des volks gehoord had, zo sprak hij dezelve voor de oren des HEEREN.

22 De HEERE nu zeide tot Samuel: Hoor naar hun stem, en stel hun een koning. Toen zeide Samuel tot de mannen van Israel: Gaat heen, een iegelijk naar zijn stad.

   

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Exploring the Meaning of 1 Samuel 8

Napsal(a) Garry Walsh

This chapter marks a historic turning point for the Children of Israel. Since their escape from Egypt some four hundred years earlier, the Lord Jehovah, through Moses, and Joshua, and then a series of judges, had directly ruled the people. Now, though, the people pleaded that they might instead have a king like other nations. In a sense, they wanted to be led by human nature, not by God's law and the prophets.

Samuel had grown old, and his sons, Joel and Abiah, had become judges over Israel. However, they took bribes and this influenced their judgments. This is like the corruption of the High Priest Eli’s sons, described in 1 Samuel 2, and also similar to the misbehavior of two of Aaron's sons, Nadab and Abihu, in Leviticus 10. The corruption of Samuel’s sons, as judges over Israel, was what spurred the Israelites to ask for a king.

Samuel prayed to the Lord, asking what he should do about the people’s demand for a king. The Lord assured him that the request came not because he, Samuel, had been rejected. Instead, it was the Lord Himself whom the people of Israel had rejected. The Lord sent a warning through Samuel to the people about what a king would be like. Samuel told them of the personal and financial cost that would come with having a king. The king would use a substantial portion of the land’s resources, and take the best for himself. Having a king would also mean that they were rejecting the Lord’s direct leadership, so they would be unable to call on His help in the way that they had in the past. The people heard the warning, but still did not change their minds.

There are two ways the Lord judges us. One way is through love or goodness. The other is through truth. In other words, our lives can be judged according to the type of love that exists in our hearts and that we show to others. We will make mistakes, but it is our intent that matters most. Judgment according to truth, by comparison, is somewhat cold. We either obey the law or we don’t. The two, love and truth, should exist together. Intentions should be considered together with what we actually do. From this time in Israelite history, the role of priest, representing judgment from goodness or love, was separated from the role of king, representing judgment by truth. They denied themselves the opportunity to be ruled by love and left themselves to be ruled by the cold letter of the law. (See Arcana Coelestia 6148 [3, 5, 6].)

Swedenborg also discusses this concept as follows:

"In the Word a careful distinction is made between people and nation, 'people' meaning truths, 'nation' goods, as shown already in 1259, 1260. Kings have reference to peoples, and not so much to nations. The children of Israel, before they sought to have kings, were 'a nation' and represented good, or that which is celestial; but after they desired a king and received one, they became 'a people' and represented not good or that which is celestial, but truth or that which is spiritual...." (Arcana Coelestia 1672)

This further supports the idea that they began to separate judgement by truth and judgement by love, choosing only truth, or the law, as represented by a king.

Bible

 

Genesis 14

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1 It happened in the days of Amraphel, king of Shinar, Arioch, king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer, king of Elam, and Tidal, king of Goiim,

2 that they made war with Bera, king of Sodom, and with Birsha, king of Gomorrah, Shinab, king of Admah, and Shemeber, king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (the same is Zoar).

3 All these joined together in the valley of Siddim (the same is the Salt Sea).

4 Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year, they rebelled.

5 In the fourteenth year Chedorlaomer came, and the kings who were with him, and struck the Rephaim in Ashteroth Karnaim, and the Zuzim in Ham, and the Emim in Shaveh Kiriathaim,

6 and the Horites in their Mount Seir, to Elparan, which is by the wilderness.

7 They returned, and came to En Mishpat (the same is Kadesh), and struck all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites, that lived in Hazazon Tamar.

8 The king of Sodom, and the king of Gomorrah, and the king of Admah, and the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (the same is Zoar) went out; and they set the battle in array against them in the valley of Siddim;

9 against Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim, and Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar; four kings against the five.

10 Now the valley of Siddim was full of tar pits; and the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, and they fell there, and those who remained fled to the hills.

11 They took all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah, and all their food, and went their way.

12 They took Lot, Abram's brother's son, who lived in Sodom, and his goods, and departed.

13 One who had escaped came and told Abram, the Hebrew. Now he lived by the oaks of Mamre, the Amorite, brother of Eshcol, and brother of Aner; and these were allies of Abram.

14 When Abram heard that his relative was taken captive, he led forth his trained men, born in his house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued as far as Dan.

15 He divided himself against them by night, he and his servants, and struck them, and pursued them to Hobah, which is on the left hand of Damascus.

16 He brought back all the goods, and also brought back his relative, Lot, and his goods, and the women also, and the people.

17 The king of Sodom went out to meet him, after his return from the slaughter of Chedorlaomer and the kings who were with him, at the valley of Shaveh (that is, the King's Valley).

18 Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine: and he was priest of God Most High.

19 He blessed him, and said, "blessed be Abram of God Most High, possessor of heaven and earth:

20 and blessed be God Most High, who has delivered your enemies into your hand." Abram gave him a tenth of all.

21 The king of Sodom said to Abram, "Give me the people, and take the goods to yourself."

22 Abram said to the king of Sodom, "I have lifted up my hand to Yahweh, God Most High, possessor of heaven and earth,

23 that I will not take a thread nor a sandal strap nor anything that is yours, lest you should say, 'I have made Abram rich.'

24 I will accept nothing from you except that which the young men have eaten, and the portion of the men who went with me: Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre. Let them take their portion."