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Daniel 2

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1 I sit andet regeringsår drømte Nebukadnezar, og hans sind blev uroligt, så han ikke kunde sove

2 Så lod Kongen Drømmetyderne, Manerne, Sandsigerne og Kaldæerne kalde, for at de skulde sige ham, hvad han havde drømt. Og de kom og trådte frem for Kongen..

3 Da sagde Kongen til dem: "Jeg har haft en Drøm, og mit Sind falder ikke til o, før jeg får at vide, hvad den betyder."

4 Kaldæerne svarede Kongen (på Aramaisk") ): "Kongen leve evindelig! Sig dine Trælle Drømmen, så skal vi tyde den."

5 Men Kongen svarede Kaldæerne: "Mit Ord står fast! Hvis I ikke både kundgør mig Drømmen og tyder den, skal I hugges sønder og sammen og eders Huse gøres til Skarndynger;

6 men gengiver I mig Drømmen og tyder den, får I Skænk og Gave og stor Ære af mig. Gengiv mig, derfor Drømmen og tyd den!"

7 De svarede atter: "Kongen sige sine Trælle Drømmen, så skal vi tyde den."

8 Kongen svarede: "Nu ved jeg for vist, at I kun søger at vinde Tid, fordi I ser, mit Ord står fast,

9 så eders Dom kun kan blive een, hvis I ikke kundgør mig Drømmen, og at I derfor er blevet enige om at lyve for mig og føre mig bag Lyset, til der kommer andre Tider. Sig mig derfor Drømmen, så jeg kan vide, at I også kan tyde mig den."

10 Kaldæerne svarede Kongen: "Der findes ikke et Menneske på Jorden, som kan sige, hvad Kongen ønsker at vide; aldrig har jo heller nogen Konge, hvor stor og tnægtig han end var, krævet sligt af nogen Drømmetyder, Maner eller Kaldæer;

11 hvad Kongen kræver, er umuligt, og der er ingen, som kan sige kongen det, undtagen Guderne, og de bor ikke hos de dødelige."

12 Herover blev Kongen vred og såre harmfuld, og han bød, at alle Babels Vismænd skulde henrettes.

13 Da nu Befalingen var udgået, og man skulde til at slå Vismændene ihjel, ledte man også efter Daniel og hans Venner for at slå dem ihjel.

14 Da henvendte Daniel sig med kloge og vel overvejede Ord til Arjok, Øversten for Kongens Livvagt, som var draget ud for at slå Babels Vismænd ihjel.

15 Han tog til Orde og spurgte Arjok, Kongens Høvedsmand: "Hvorfor er så skarp en Befaling udgået fra Kongen?" Og da Arjok havde sat ham ind i Sagen,

16 gik Daniel ind til Kongen og bad ham give sig en Frist, så skulde han tyde Kongen Drømmen.

17 Så gik Daniel hjem og satte sine Venner Hananja, Misjael og Azarja ind i Sagen,

18 og han pålagde dem at bede Himmelens Gud om Barmbjertighed, så han åbenbarede Hemmeligheden, for at ikke Daniel og hans Venner skulde blive henrettet med Babels andre Vismænd.

19 Da blev Hemmeligheden åbenbaret Daniel i et Nattesyn; og Daniel priste Himmelens Gud,

20 tog til Orde og sagde: "Lovet være Guds Navn fra Evighed og til Evighed, thi ham tilhører Visdom og Styrke!

21 Han lader Tider og Stunder skifte, afsætter og indsætter konger, giver de vise deres Visdom og de indsigtsfulde deres Viden;

22 han åbenbarer det dybe og lønlige; han ved, hvad Mørket gemmer, og Lyset bor hos ham.

23 Dig, mine Fædres Gud, takker og priser jeg, fordi du gav mig Visdom og Styrke, og nu har du kundgjort mig, hvad vi bad dig om; thi hvad Kongen vil vide, har du kundgjort os!"

24 Derfor gik Daniel til Arjok, hvem Kongen havdepålagt at henrette Babels Vismænd, og sagde til ham: "Henret ikke Babels Vismænd, men før mig frem for Kongen, så vil jeg tyde ham Drømmen!"

25 Så førte Arjok i Hast Daniel frem for Kongen og sagde til ham: "Jeg har blandt de bortførte Judæere fundet en Mand, som vil tyde Kongen Drømmen!"

26 Kongen tog til Orde og spurgte Daniel, som havde fået Navnet Beltsazzar: "Er du i Stand til at kundgøre mig den Drøm, jeg har haft, og tyde den?"

27 Daniel svarede Kongen: "Den Hemmelighed, Kongen ønsker at vide, kan Vismænd, Manere, Drømmetydere og Stjernetydere ikke sige kongen;

28 men der er en Gud i Himmelen, som åbenbarer Hemmeligheder, og han har kundgjort Kong Nebukadnezar, hvad der skal ske i de sidste Dage:

29 Du tænkte, o Konge, på dit Leje over, hvad der skal ske i Fremtiden, og han, som åbenbarer Hemmeligheder, kundgjorde dig, hvad der skal ske.

30 Og mig er denne Hemmelighed åbenbaret, ikke ved nogen Visdom, som jeg har forud for alle andre levende Væsener, men for at Drømmen kan blive tydet Kongen, så du kan kende dit Hjertes Tanker.

31 Du så, o Konge, for dig en vældig Billedstøtte; denne Billedstøtte var stor og dens Glans overmåde stærk; den stod foran dig, og dens Udseende var forfærdeligt.

32 Billedstøttens Hoved var af fint Guld, Bryst og Arme af Sølv, Bug og Lænder af Kobber.

33 Benene af Jern og Fødderne halvt af Jern og halvt af Ler.

34 Således skuede du, indtil en Sten reves løs, dog ikke ved Menneskehænder, og ramte Billedstøttens Jern og Lerfødder og knuste dem;

35 og på een Gang knustes Jern, Ler, Kobber, Sølv og Guld og blev som Avner fra Sommerens Tærskepladser, og Vinden bar det sporløst bort; men Stenen, som ramte Billedstøtten, blev til et stort Bjerg, der fyldte hele Jorden.

36 Således var Drømmen, og nu vil vi tyde Kongen den:

37 Du, o Konge, Kongernes Konge, hvem Himmelens Gud gav Kongedømme, Magt, Styrke og Ære,

38 i hvis Hånd han gav Menneskene, så vide de bor, Markens Dyr og Himmelens Fugle, så han gjorde dig til Hersker over dem alle du er Hovedet, som var af Guld.

39 Men efter dig skal der komme et andet ige, ringere end dit, og derpå atter et tredje ige, som er af Kobber, og hvis Herredømme skal strække sig over hele Jorden.

40 Siden skal der komme et fjerde ige, stærkt som Jern; thi Jern knuser og søndrer alt; og som Jem sønderslår, skal det knuse og sønderslå alle hine iger.

41 Men når du så Fødderne og Tæerne halvt af Pottemagerler og halvt af Jern, betyder det, at det skal være et ige uden Sammenhold; dog skal det have noget af Jernets Fasthed, thi du så jo, at Jern var blandet med Ler.

42 Og at Tæerne var halvt af Jern og halvt af Ler, betyder, at iget delvis skal være stærkt, delvis svagt.

43 Og når du så, at Jernet var blandet med Ler, betyder det, at de skal indgå Ægteskaber med hverandre, men dog ikke indbyrdes holde sammen, så lidt som Jern kan blandes med Ler.

44 Men i hine Kongers Dage vil Himmelens Gud oprette et ige, som aldrig i Evighed skal forgå. og Herredømmet skal ikke gå over til noget andet Folk; det skal knuse og tilintetgøre alle hine iger, men selv stå i al Evighed;

45 thi du så jo, at en Sten reves løs fra Klippen, dog ikke ved Menneskehænder, og knuste Jern, Ler, Kobber, Sølv og Guld. En stor Gud har kundgjort Kongen, hvad der skal ske herefter; og Drømmen er sand og Tydningen troværdig."

46 Så faldt Kong, Nebukadnezar på sit Ansigt og bøjede sig for Daniel, og han bød, at man skulde bringe ham Ofre og øgelse.

47 Og Kongen tog til Orde og sagde til Daniel "I Sandhed, eders Gud er Gudernes Gud og Kongernes Herre, og han kan åbenbare Hemmeligheder, siden du har kunnet åbenbare denne Hemmelighed."

48 Derpå ophøjede Kongen Daniel og, gav ham mange store Gaver, og han satte ham til Herre over hele Landsdelen Babel og til Overherre over alle Babels Vismænd.

49 Men på Daniels Bøn overdrog kongen Sjadrak, Mesjak og Abed Nego at styre Landsdelen Babel, medens Daniel selv blev i Kongens Gård.

   


The Project Gutenberg Association at Carnegie Mellon University

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Daniel Interprets Nebuchadnezzar's Dream

Napsal(a) Andy Dibb

In the second chapter of the Book of Daniel, Nebuchadnezzar, the King of Babylon has a dream that troubles him. Daniel, inspired by God, is the only person who is able to interpret it. It's a powerful story in the literal sense, and its spiritual sense goes deep; it describes a step that we each need to take if we want to make spiritual progress.

The literal text sets the story in the "second year", which refers to a state of conflict that comes before regeneration. Generally, "two" means a union, and specifically the marriage of good and truth. But in this story, the marriage is between evil and falsity. Nebuchadnezzar is still on the throne of Babylon: the falsities from selfish love seek to establish dominion over every sphere of life.

So, in the second year, "Nebuchadnezzar had dreams; and his spirit was so troubled that his sleep left him." Dreams are one of the ways the Lord revealed the Word to the ancients. It is not surprising to find Nebuchadnezzar greatly disturbed by a dream, to the point that "his sleep left him." Sleep, when dreams occur, depicts a state of obscurity. In Nebuchadnezzar's case, the obscurity arose because he represents false thoughts resulting from a selfish lust for power. Selfishness obscures the truth because it makes it impossible to focus outside of the self.

Nebuchadnezzar represents falsity from selfishness and the desire to dominate and control others. When this is in charge, people become manipulative, insisting that everything serve their own ends. They are willing to twist any truth, even destroy it, to justify their actions. The danger in this state is its attraction; it can invade the mind and establish an empire.

This is our state before regeneration. However, Divine Providence mandates that in order to remove this, we must become conscious of our Nebuchadnezzar states. This may be difficult because reflection requires perspective, which starts out obscured — asleep. Nebuchadnezzar, unable to remember or interpret his dream, commanded his magicians, astrologers, sorcerers and Chaldeans to ease his mind.

When the wise men were unable, the king began killing them. In the internal sense, "to kill," means to turn truths into falsities. Daniel and his companions were to be included in the slaughter, but they were different from the other wise men, who represented falsity based on abuse or misuse of truth grounded in selfishness. Daniel and his friends served the Lord.

Daniel's name had been changed to 'Belteshazzar,' symbolizing the perversion of truth by love of self. Yet in this verse, they sought 'Daniel' and his companions to kill them. This shows a human quality hidden from daily life. If Nebuchadnezzar represents blind selfishness, to save us, the Lord must keep truth hidden from the flow of selfish thought. When his hidden name is used, Daniel represents this hidden thought, protected and ready for use against selfishness.

In chapter one, Daniel rejects Nebuchadnezzar by refusing to eat his food. Once again, he stands against the king who reveals his evil in his willingness to kill when displeased. Nebuchadnezzar is the epitome of self-worship, Daniel is the true worshiper of the Lord.

Daniel and his friends sought "mercies from the God of heaven concerning this secret." Despite their position as 'wise men,' they humbled themselves to the Lord. This is a picture of the submission necessary for conscience to direct the unruly external self.

Daniel was given insight into the fallen human, the decline caused by selfishness. People faced with these insights often run and hide. Yet without self-knowledge, people cannot make any spiritual progress. By blessing the Lord, Daniel recognizes that only His divine power can help people put evils into order. Without this, spiritual life is over.

This gratitude embodies a New Church principle: all goodness and truth are from the Lord alone. Any insight people have into the nature of evils must come from the Him. Evil is blind to itself, but truth shows it for what it is. By thanking the Lord for insight, people can face their evils.

Before he can be killed, Daniel requests an audience with the king. Outward behaviors can be aligned with good or evil, and so Arioch, captain of the guard, acts on Daniel's request in spite of Nebuchadnezzar's orders. His words to the king show how useful things can ally themselves to the truth. So Arioch advocates for Daniel.

In his entreaty, Arioch emphasizes Daniel's heritage: "a man of the captives of Judah." This may have cast the king's mind back to his campaign in Judah, or even to the young man prepared for his service, filled with wisdom and glowing with physical health. In the internal sense, 'Judah' represents the church with a person, initially through truths. So Arioch identifies Daniel as truth from the Word. Nebuchadnezzar knew Daniel by his Babylonian name of Belteshazzar: when people in falsity are presented with truth, they view it as mere information for their own use. This is why an adulterer sees no difference between adultery and marriage, or a liar no distinction between truth and falsity.

Daniel is the conscience, which can be thought of as guilt or sorrow for actions. But at it's core, conscience is guidance by the truths of the Word. For truths to guide us, we must recognize their Divine authority and origin: none of the wise men, astrologers, magicians, or soothsayers could tell and interpret the king's dream.

In the sense of the letter, Daniel could begin because he established that the dream was from God, and thus interpreted by God. Daniel was simply a mouthpiece. For us, the self-awareness needed to move us from selfishness to charity comes from the Lord. Only He can direct our lives, but leaves us in freedom to accept that direction or not.

Daniel described Nebuchadnezzar's dream: the great image, with a head of gold, chest and arms of silver, belly and thighs of bronze, legs of iron, and feet partly of iron and partly of clay. Even in the literal sense of the story one sees the steady decline from precious to base to valueless.

Many scholars describe this dream in political terms. They claim it describes successive nations or rulers in the earth, from the Babylonians, to the Greeks, the Romans, and so on. However, the Word deals with spiritual, not worldly things. In one sense, this dream speaks of the different spiritual eras that have existed in this world. This is called the "internal historical" sense. On this level, Nebuchadnezzar's dream describes the rise and fall of the ancient churches to the present. This exposition focuses on a deeper level: the regenerative series, or how the Word tells of each individual's spiritual life.

Nebuchadnezzar's dream symbolizes allowing selfishness to dictate our thoughts and beliefs. Babylon is a state of great selfishness, the opposite of loving the Lord. This is the origin of all evils, going hand in hand with falsity, which twists and perverts the truth, making it a slave to our desires. The dream describes how this state gains mastery of the human mind. It begins before selfishness gains a toehold in our thoughts, and ends in the destruction of our very humanity.

The vision begins with the head because it is the highest part of a human being. But the key to this head is that it is gold, symbolizing love to the Lord. The chest and arms are physically lower than the head, and silver is less valuable than gold. The chest and arms represent the rational parts of the mind. Silver represents truths derived from the goodness within. This change from loving the Lord to thinking from truth marks a change in focus: good embraces all, opening us up to each other in a life of mutual love and charity. Truth, on the other hand, is more open to abuse: ideas of truth have been the cause of many wars and conflicts. Truth is used to hurt as often as to nurture goodness. It is a double edged sword.

At the next level, the decline becomes more obvious: from the head to the chest to the belly and thighs – half way down the body. From gold to silver to bronze, precious metal turns to base. The belly and thighs normally depict the good of loving the Lord and the neighbor, called charity. Here, however, it is twisted into the opposite sense: disregard for others, and one's own interpretation of truth. To the person in this state, these things appear good. So the belly and thighs were made of bronze, an alloy that can be polished until it gleams like gold, but it is not, nor ever can be transmuted.

So we are brought to the lower parts of the body: the legs of iron. In place of truth, falsity takes charge. This is depicted by the iron, which merely looks like silver. The legs are followed by the outer extreme of spiritual life: the feet. The feet are the lowest part of our body. Feet correspond to the outmost of our lives, which should be the expression of the Lord's goodness and truth through us. Instead, the feet of the statue are a weak spot: a mixture of iron and clay. In this image, we see the entire devolution of selfishness – carried into our very action – a life devoid of real goodness or truth, only a false image.

At the climax of the dream, a stone strikes the image and breaks it to pieces. This shows us our true character and the power of truth to bring us back from the brink of disaster. The stone was cut without hands: it is not of human origin. Here the Divine truth contrasts with the king’s practice of consulting his wise men and magicians, who represent selfish human thought. Divine truth leads to all goodness when used the way the Lord intends. Detached from human rationalizing, the truth liberates.

This freedom is the new vision of truth: the stone grows into a mountain. "A mountain" symbolizes love – a new love from truth, that replaces the selfishness and the desire for control. The mountain filling the earth symbolizes the way this new truth and love become the center and focus of our lives. We are created anew by the Lord's truth.

Having described the dream in great detail, Daniel then explains its meaning. He begins with what seems like an affirmation of Nebuchadnezzar; the Lord gave us our love of self! He ordained that we should feel life as our own and have no sense of His life flowing into us. This allows us to act according to our reason, and respond to the Lord in freedom. Selfishness is the abuse of this gift from the Lord, and the kingdom changes its meaning from truth to falsity.

Nebuchadnezzar clearly confuses Daniel with the Lord, and ascribes the power to interpret dreams to him. But the reality of selfishness becomes clear when contrasted with the ideals of conscience. If selfishness cannot reflect upon itself, it needs to be confronted with truth – and truth shows the true nature of evil and convicts it.

Nebuchadnezzar promoted Daniel and his three friends to positions of power. He recognized their God as the God of gods, the Lord of kings. But he continues to recognize the previous gods who served Babylon. Nebuchadnezzar may have elevated the Lord above Marduk, the Babylonian god, but he was neither willing nor prepared to jettison his customary deity.

Spiritual life must begin somewhere, and this interaction between Nebuchadnezzar and Daniel symbolizes the beginning. There is still a great distance to travel before we are truly born again. The old selfish side will reassert itself, new arguments and battles will rage. Yet the promise of Nebuchadnezzar's dream is still with us.

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Arcana Coelestia # 4750

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4750. 'And Judah said to his brothers' means the corrupt within the Church who are opposed to all good whatever. This is clear from the representation of 'Judah' in the good sense as the good of celestial love, dealt with in 3654, 3881, but in the contrary sense as an opposition to all good whatever, dealt with below; and from the meaning of 'his brothers' as those in the Church who are adherents to faith separated from charity. The reason 'Judah' here represents those who are opposed to all good whatever is that in the good sense 'Judah' in the Word represents those who are governed by the good of celestial love. Celestial love consists in love to the Lord and from this in love towards the neighbour. Those governed by this love are the ones who are the most closely joined to the Lord and therefore they live in the inmost heaven, and in a state of innocence there. This being so, they are seen by all others as small children, and entirely as visual forms of love. No one else can go near them, and therefore when they are sent to others they are surrounded by other angels, through whom the sphere of love emanating from them is moderated. If not moderated this sphere would cause those to whom they have been sent to faint, for the sphere of their love penetrates even to one's marrow.

[2] Since this love, that is, this form of the good of love, which is called celestial, is represented in the good sense by 'Judah', he therefore represents in the contrary sense the kind of thing that is the opposite of celestial good, and so is opposed to any good whatever. Most things in the Word have two meanings - a good one, and another contrary to this. The good meaning they have enables one to see the nature of their contrary one, for things in the contrary sense are the direct opposite of whatever are meant in the good sense.

[3] Each form of the good of love falls in general into one of two categories - the good of celestial love and the good of spiritual love. The opposite of the good of celestial love is in the contrary sense the evil of self-love, and the opposite of the good of spiritual love is in the contrary sense the evil of love of the world. Those governed by the evil of self-love are opposed to all good whatever, but those governed by the evil of love of the world less so. In the Word 'Judah' in the contrary sense represents those who are governed by self-love, while 'Israel' in the contrary sense represents those who are governed by love of the world, the reason being that 'Judah' represented the Lord's celestial kingdom, and 'Israel' His spiritual kingdom.

[4] The hells too are distinguished in accordance with those two loves. Spirits governed by self-love, being opposed to all good whatever, are in the deepest and consequently the most dreadful hells, whereas those governed by love of the world, being less opposed to all good whatever, are in hells not quite so deep and consequently less dreadful ones.

[5] The evil of self-love is not, as people commonly regard it, the display of superiority which is called arrogance; rather, it is hatred against the neighbour and a resulting burning desire for revenge and a delight in cruelty. These are the more internal features of self-love. Its more external features are contempt for others in comparison with oneself and an aversion to those in whom spiritual good is present. These more external features of it are sometimes accompanied by a manifest display of superiority or arrogance, sometimes they are not. For anyone who hates his neighbour in that fashion loves solely himself inwardly, and only any others whom he regards to be at unity with him, so that they are part of him and he is part of them, solely for the sake of his own selfish ends.

[6] This is what those people are like whom 'Judah' represents in the contrary sense. The Jewish nation was governed by that kind of love right from the start, for it regarded all people throughout the world as the basest slaves, of no value at all compared with themselves, and it also hated them. What is more, when self-love and love of the world did not hold them together they persecuted even their companions and brethren with similar hatred. This disposition remains with that nation even now, but because they have to seek asylum in lands not their own they conceal it.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.