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Leviticus 22

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1 I mluvil Hospodin k Mojžíšovi, řka:

2 Mluv Aronovi a synům jeho, ať se zdržují od věcí těch, kteréž jsou posvěceny od synů Izraelských, a ať nepoškvrňují jména svatého mého v tom, což mi oni posvěcují: Já jsem Hospodin.

3 Rci jim: Kdo by koli ze všeho semene vašeho v pronárodech vašich přistoupil ku posvěceným věcem, kterýchž by posvětili synové Izraelští Hospodinu, když nečistota jeho na něm jest, vyhlazena bude duše ta od tváři mé: Já jsem Hospodin.

4 Kdo by koli z semene Aronova byl malomocný, aneb tok semene trpící, nebude jísti z věcí posvěcených, dokavadž by se neočistil. A kdož by se koli dotekl nečistoty těla mrtvého, aneb toho, z něhož by vyšlo símě scházení,

5 Aneb kdo by se dotkl kterého zeměplazu, jímž by se poškvrnil, aneb člověka, pro něhož by byl nečistý vedlé všelijaké nečistoty jeho:

6 Člověk, kterýž by se čehokoli toho dotekl, nečistý bude až do večera, a nebude jísti z věcí posvěcených, leč by umyl tělo své vodou.

7 A po západu slunce čistý bude, a potom bude moci jísti z věcí posvěcených, nebo pokrm jeho jest.

8 Mrchy a udáveného jísti nebude, aby se tím nepoškvrnil: Já jsem, Hospodin.

9 Protož ostříhati budou přisluhování mých, aby hříchů na se neuvedli, a nezemřeli v něm, proto že je zprznili: Jáť jsem Hospodin posvětitel jejich.

10 Žádný cizí nebude jísti z věcí posvěcených, ani podruh kněžský, ani nájemník nebude jísti věcí posvěcených.

11 Koupil-li by kněz člověka za své peníze, ten jísti bude z věcí těch, též v domě jeho zplozený; ti budou jísti z pokrmu jeho.

12 Ale dcera knězova, kteráž by se vdala za muže z jiného pokolení, ta z obětí vzhůru pozdvižených, totiž věcí svatých, nebude jísti.

13 Kdyby pak dcera knězova ovdověla, aneb zahnána byla od muže, nemající plodu, a navrátila by se do domu otce svého: tak jako v dětinství svém chléb otce svého jísti bude, cizí pak žádný nebude jísti z něho.

14 Jedl-li by pak kdo z nedopatření věci posvěcené, pátý díl nad to přidá knězi, a nahradí jemu tu věc posvěcenou,

15 Aby nepoškvrňovali věcí svatých, kteréž by synové Izraelští obětovali Hospodinu,

16 A neuvozovali na ně pokuty za provinění, že jedli věci posvěcené jejich; nebo já jsem Hospodin, kterýž jich posvěcuji.

17 Dále mluvil Hospodin Mojžíšovi, řka:

18 Mluv k Aronovi a k synům jeho i ke všechněm synům Izraelským, a rci jim: Kdož by koli z domu Izraelského aneb z pohostinných, kteříž jsou v Izraeli, obětovali obět svou vedlé všech slibů svých, vedlé všech darů dobrovolných svých, kteréž by obětovali Hospodinu v obět zápalnou:

19 Z dobré vůle své obětovati budete samce bez poškvrny, z skotů, z ovcí a z koz.

20 Což by koli mělo na sobě vadu, nebudete toho obětovati; nebo nebude příjemné od vás.

21 Pakli by kdo obětoval obět pokojnou Hospodinu, vykonávaje slib svůj, aneb dobrovolný dar, buď z skotů, aneb z bravů; ať jest bez vady, aby bylo příjemné; nebudeť žádné poškvrny na něm.

22 Slepého aneb polámaného, osekaného aneb uhřivého, prašivého aneb s lišeji, takového neobětujte Hospodinu a nedávejte jich k ohnivé oběti na oltář Hospodinův.

23 Vola neb dobytče s nedorostlými neb přerostlými oudy, v dobrovolný zajisté dar obětovati je budeš, ale za slib nebude příjemný.

24 Ztlačeného aneb ztlučeného, odtrženého, vykleštěného nebudete obětovati Hospodinu; neučiníte toho v zemi vaší.

25 A z ruky cizozemce nebudete obětovati chleba Bohu svému ze všech těch věcí, nebo porušení jejich jest na nich; vadu mají, nebudou příjemné od vás.

26 Mluvil také Hospodin k Mojžíšovi, řka:

27 Vůl neb beran, aneb koza, když se urodí, za sedm dní při matce své zanecháno bude, osmého pak dne i potom bude přijemné k oběti ohnivé Hospodinu.

28 Krávy pak a dobytčete s mladým jeho nezabijete jednoho dne.

29 A když byste obětovali obět chvály Hospodinu, dobrovolně ji obětovati budete.

30 V tentýž den snědena bude a nepozůstavíte z ní ničeho až do jitra: Já jsem Hospodin.

31 Protož ostříhejte přikázaní mých a čiňte je: Já jsem Hospodin.

32 A nepoškvrňujte jména svatého mého, i buduť posvěcen u prostřed synů Izraelských: Já jsem Hospodin posvětitel váš,

33 Kterýž jsem vás vyvedl z země Egyptské, abych vám byl za Boha: Já jsem Hospodin.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 9506

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9506. 'And you shall make a mercy-seat from pure gold' means the hearing and reception of all things that belong to worship arising from the good of love. This is clear from the meaning of 'the mercy-seat' as the cleansing from evils or forgiveness of sins, consequently the hearing and reception of all things that belong to worship, dealt with below; and from the meaning of 'gold' as the good of love, dealt with in 113, 1551, 1552, 5658, 6914. The truth that 'the mercy-seat' means the cleansing from evils and forgiveness of sins is clear from those places in the Word where propitiation or expiation is referred to. 1 The reason why the hearing and reception of all things belonging to worship is also meant is that only those who have made propitiation or expiation, that is, been cleansed from evils, are heard by the Lord and have their worship accepted by Him; it does not happen with those who are steeped in evils, that is, have not made expiation or propitiation. Therefore also Aaron was not allowed to approach the mercy-seat until he had been cleansed and had made propitiation for himself and the people.

[2] The truth that 'the mercy-seat' consequently means the hearing and reception of all things that belong to worship is also clear from the consideration that Jehovah spoke to Moses over the mercy-seat between the cherubs. The reason why worship arising from the good of love is that which is received is that no one is allowed to enter heaven and so approach the Lord other than a person who is governed by good, that is to say, by the good of love to the Lord and the good of charity towards the neighbour, see 8516, 8539, 8722, 8772, 9139, 9227, 9230, 9274; no one else is heard nor can anyone else's worship be received. This also explains why there were cherubs over the mercy-seat; for watchfulness and providence are meant by 'the cherubs', guarding against access to the Lord except through the good of love, that is, guarding against entrance into heaven by any apart from those who are governed by good, and also guarding against those in hell gaining access to the inhabitants of heaven and doing them harm. All this shows what was meant by the presence of the mercy-seat over the ark and by that of the cherubs over the mercy-seat, and by the fact that the mercy-seat and the cherubs too were made from pure gold; for 'gold' means the good of love, and 'the ark' heaven where the Lord is.

[3] The truth that 'the mercy-seat' means the cleansing from evils, and so the forgiveness of sins, is clear from places in the Word where 'propitiation' or 'expiation' 2 is referred to, as in David,

O Jehovah, expiate our sins for Your name's sake. Psalms 79:9.

In the same author,

He, being merciful, has expiated iniquity. Psalms 78:38.

In the same author,

You will expiate me with hyssop and I shall become clean; You will wash me and I shall be made whiter than snow. Psalms 51:7.

In Isaiah,

Evil will come upon you, which you will not know how to ward off; calamity will befall you, which you will not be able to expiate. Isaiah 47:11.

And in Moses,

Sing, O nations, the people of Him who will avenge the blood of His servants, and will expiate His land, His people. Deuteronomy 32:43.

[4] Expiations were effected by means of sacrifices; and it says that when they were offered the priest would expiate him from sin, and he would be pardoned, 3 Leviticus 4:26, 31, 35; 5:6, 10, 13, 16, 18; 6:7; 9:7; 15:15, 30. Expiation was also effected by 'silver', Exodus 30:16; Psalms 49:7. Hence also the day of expiations 4 before the feast of tabernacles, Leviticus 23:27-32. But it should be recognized that none of those expiations constituted a real cleansing from evils or forgiveness of sins; it only represented it. For every religious observance among the Israelite and Jewish nation was merely representative of the Lord, His kingdom and Church, and such realities as belong to heaven and the Church. How representations brought such realities to angels' awareness in heaven, see 9229.

[5] Since the cleansing from evils and forgiveness of sins was meant by 'the mercy-seat', the hearing and reception of all things that belonged to worship was also meant; for one who has been cleansed from evils is heard and his worship is received. This was represented by Jehovah's speaking above the mercy-seat to Moses and His commanding what the children of Israel should do, as is clear from verse 22 of the present chapter, where it says,

And I will meet with you there, and I will speak to you from above the mercy-seat, from between the two cherubs which are over the ark of the Testimony, [declaring] everything that I shall command you for the children of Israel.

The like occurs elsewhere,

Whenever Moses spoke to Jehovah he heard the voice speaking from above the mercy-seat that was over the ark of the Testimony, from between the two cherubs. Numbers 7:89.

The fact that a person was heard and his worship was received when he had been cleansed from evils was represented by Aaron's not going into the holy place within the veil before the mercy-seat unless he had first made expiation for himself and the people, by ceremonial washing, sacrifices, incense, and blood, as stated in Leviticus 16:2-16, which concludes,

In this way he shall expiate the holy place from the uncleannesses of the children of Israel, and from their transgressions in regard of all their sins.

It also says in verse 2 that Jehovah would appear at the mercy-seat 'in the cloud', meaning in Divine Truth adjusted to people's ability to receive and understand it, such as the Word is in the sense of the letter, 4060, 4391, 5922, 6343 (end), 6752, 8106, 8443, 8781.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. The Latin word propitiatorium rendered the mercy-seat may be translated more literally as the place of propitiation.

2. The Hebrew verb behind expiate, used in an uncommon way in the following quotations, means cover over. The Latin verb generally means atone for or purify what is defiled.

3. i.e. the priest shall make atonement for the person's sin, and the person will stand forgiven

4. Generally known as the day of atonement

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.