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Izlazak 21

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1 "Ovo su propisi koje treba da im izložiš:

2 Kad za roba kupiš jednoga Hebreja, neka služi šest godina. Sedme godine neka ode, bez otkupnine, slobodan.

3 Ako dođe sam, neka sam i ode; ako li je oženjen, neka s njim ide i njegova žena.

4 Ako mu gospodar nabavi ženu, pa mu ona rodi bilo sinova bilo kćeri, i žena i njezina djeca neka pripadnu njezinu gospodaru, a on neka ide sam.

5 Ali ako rob otvoreno izjavi: 'Volim svoga gospodara, svoju ženu i svoju djecu, neću da budem slobodan',

6 neka ga onda njegov gospodar dovede k Bogu. Kad ga dovede k vratima ili dovratku, neka mu gospodar šilom probuši uho i neka mu trajno ostane u službi.

7 Kad čovjek proda svoju kćer za ropkinju, neka se ona ne oslobađa kao i muški robovi.

8 Ako se ne svidi svome gospodaru, koji ju je sebi bio odredio, neka joj dopusti da se otkupi. Nema prava prodati je strancima kad joj nije bio vjeran.

9 A ako je odredi svome sinu, neka s njome postupa kao i sa kćeri.

10 Ako se oženi drugom, ne smije prvoj uskraćivati hrane, odjeće ili njezinih bračnih prava.

11 Ne bude li joj činio ovo troje, neka je slobodna da ode bez otkupnine."

12 "Tko god udari čovjeka pa ga usmrti, neka se smrću kazni.

13 Ali ako to ne učini hotimično, nego Bog pripusti da padne u njegovu šaku, odredit ću ti mjesto kamo može pobjeći.

14 Tko hotimično navali na svoga bližnjega te ga podmuklo ubije, odvuci ga i s moga žrtvenika da se pogubi.

15 Tko udari svoga oca ili svoju majku, neka se kazni smrću.

16 Tko otme čovjeka - bilo da ga proda, bilo da ga u svojoj vlasti zadrži - neka se kazni smrću.

17 Tko prokune svoga oca ili svoju majku, neka se kazni smrću."

18 "Ako se ljudi posvade, pa jedan od njih udari drugoga kamenom ili šakom, ali ovaj ne pogine nego padne u postelju,

19 ali poslije ustane i mogne izlaziti, makar i sa štapom, onda onome koji ga je udario neka je oprošteno, samo neka mu plati njegov gubitak vremena i pribavi mu posvemašnje izlječenje.

20 Ako tko udari batinom svoga roba ili svoju ropkinju te umru pod njegovom šakom, mora snositi osvetu.

21 Ali ako rob preživi dan-dva, neka se osveta ne provodi, jer je rob njegovo vlasništvo.

22 Ako se ljudi pobiju i udare trudnu ženu te ona pobaci, ali druge štete ne bude, onda onaj koji ju je udario neka plati odštetu koju zatraži njezin muž. On neka plati kako suci odrede.

23 Bude li drugog zla, neka je kazna: život za život,

24 oko za oko, zub za zub, ruka za ruku, noga za nogu,

25 opeklina za opeklinu, rana za ranu, modrica za modricu.

26 Udari li tko svoga roba ili svoju ropkinju u oko i upropasti ga, neka ga oslobodi zbog oka.

27 Ako izbije zub svome robu - ili svojoj ropkinji - neka ga oslobodi zbog zuba."

28 "Kad goveče ubode čovjeka ili ženu pa ih usmrti, neka se kamenjem kamenuje. Njegovo se meso tada ne smije pojesti, a vlasniku njegovu neka je oprošteno.

29 Ali ako je to goveče i prije bolo, a njegov vlasnik, iako opominjan, nije ga čuvao, pa ono usmrti čovjeka ili ženu, neka se to goveče kamenuje; a i njegov se vlasnik ima pogubiti.

30 Ako se vlasniku označi otkupna cijena da svoj život iskupi, neka plati koliko mu se odredi.

31 Ubode li goveče dječaka ili djevojčicu, neka se prema njemu postupi isto prema ovome pravilu.

32 Ako ubode roba ili ropkinju, neka vlasnik isplati njihovu gospodaru trideset srebrnih šekela, a goveče neka se kamenuje.

33 Kad tko ostavi bunar otvoren, ili tko iskopa bunar a ne pokrije ga, pa u nj upadne goveče ili magare, vlasnik bunara ima dati naknadu:

34 neka isplati vlasniku u novcu, a uginula životinja neka njemu pripadne.

35 Kad nečije goveče ubode goveče drugome te ono ugine, onda neka prodaju živo goveče, a dobiveni novac neka podijele; i uginulo goveče neka među sebe podijele.

36 Ali ako se zna da je to goveče i prije bolo, a njegov ga gospodar nije čuvao, onda mora nadoknaditi goveče za goveče, dok će uginulo živinče biti njegovo."

37 "Tko ukrade goveče ili marvinče od sitne stoke, pa bilo da ga zakolje, bilo da ga proda, onda za jedno goveče neka se vrati petero goveda, a za malo marvinče četvero marvinčadi.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 9014

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9014. 'You shall take him from My altar to die' means damnation even though he flees to worship the Lord, pleads for forgiveness, and promises to repent. This is clear from the meaning of Jehovah's altar' as the chief representative of worship of the Lord, dealt with in 921, 2777, 2811, 4541, 8935, 8940, and since the altar was representative of worship 'fleeing to the altar' means going to the Lord, pleading for forgiveness, and also promising to repent, for one action follows the other; and from the meaning of 'dying' as damnation, dealt with in 5407, 6119, 9008.

[2] The implications of all this may be recognized from what has been shown in paragraph 9013 above, to the effect that guile in spiritual things, that is, hypocrisy, is not able to be forgiven. The reason why is that guile is like poison that penetrates right through to the inward parts; it kills all of the faith and charity there, and destroys remnants, which are the truths and forms of the good of faith and charity stored away by the Lord in a person inwardly. And when these have been destroyed no spiritual life at all survives any longer. Regarding remnants, see 468, 530, 560-563, 660, 661, 798, 1050, 1738, 1906, 2284, 5135, 5342, 5344, 5897, 5898, 6156, 7560, 7564. Consequently when people full of guile plead with the Lord to be forgiven and promise to repent, meant by 'fleeing to the altar', their pleas and promises do not come at all from the heart but are made only with the lips. Therefore they are not heard, for the Lord looks on the heart, not on words separated and isolated from the heart. So it is that there is no forgiveness for them, because they are not capable of any repentance.

[3] The majority within the Church think that the forgiveness of sins involves wiping and washing them away, like the removal of dirt by water, and that after forgiveness people go about clean and pure. This idea reigns especially with those who attribute all of salvation to faith alone. But let it be known that the situation with the forgiveness of sins is altogether different from that being Mercy itself, the Lord forgives everyone their sins. Nevertheless they do not come to be forgiven unless the person sincerely repents, refrains from evils, and after that leads a life of faith and charity, doing so to the end of his life. When this happens the person receives spiritual life from the Lord, called new life. Then when with this new life he looks at the evils of his former life, turns away from them, and abhors them, his evils have for the first time been forgiven. For the person is now maintained in truths and forms of good by the Lord and held back from evils. This shows what the forgiveness of sins is, and that it cannot take place within an hour, nor within a year. The Church knows this to be so, for it says to those who attend the Holy Supper that their sins are forgiven if they begin a new life by refraining from evils and abhorring them.

[4] All this now shows what the situation is with hypocrites who through guile are inwardly eaten up by evils - they are incapable of repenting. For the actual remnants of goodness and truth present with them have been destroyed and lost, and everything of spiritual life with them. And being incapable of repenting they cannot be forgiven. This is meant by the law that those who kill their neighbour with guile must be taken from the altar to die.

[5] Their damnation was described by the following prophetic utterance made by David regarding Joab, who had killed Abner with guile,

There will always be in the house of Joab 1 one who suffers from a discharge, or is a leper, or supports himself with a rod, or falls by the sword, or lacks bread. 2 Samuel 3:27, 29.

'One suffering from a discharge' means profanation of the good of love; 'a leper' means profanation of the truth of faith, 6963; 'one supporting himself with a rod', or a person who is lame, means those with whom all good has been lost, 4302, 4314; 'one falling by the sword' means those constantly dying through falsities, 4499, 6353, 7102, 8294; and 'one lacking bread' means those deprived of all spiritual life, for 'bread' is the sustainment of spiritual life by means of good, 6118, 8410. Because such people were meant by 'Joab' he was killed by the command of Solomon at the altar to which he had fled, 1 Kings 2:28-32.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. lit There will not be cut off from the house of Joab

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

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Arcana Coelestia # 1343

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1343. That 'Eber' was a nation, the Hebrew nation, which took its name from 'Eber' as its forefather, and which means the worship in general of the second Ancient Church, is clear from the references to him in the historical sections of the Word. Because a new form of worship began with that nation, all those were called Hebrews whose worship was similar to it. Their worship was like that re-established at a later time among the descendants of Jacob, its chief features being that they called their God Jehovah and held sacrifices. The Most Ancient Church was of one mind in acknowledging the Lord and calling Him Jehovah, as is clear also from the early chapters of Genesis and elsewhere in the Word. The Ancient Church, that is, the Church after the Flood also acknowledged the Lord and called Him Jehovah, especially those who possessed internal worship and were called 'the sons of Shem'. The remainder whose worship was external also acknowledged Jehovah and worshipped Him. But when internal worship became external, and still more when it became idolatrous, and when each nation started to have its own god to worship, the Hebrew nation retained the name of Jehovah and called their own God Jehovah. In this they were different from all other nations.

[2] Along with external worship, Jacob's descendants in Egypt, including Moses himself, lost knowledge even of this fact, that their God was called Jehovah. Consequently they had first of all to be taught that Jehovah was the God of the Hebrews, and the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, as becomes clear from the following in Moses,

Jehovah said to Moses, You and the elders of Israel shall go in to the king of Egypt, and you shall say to him, Jehovah the God of the Hebrews has met with us; and now let us go, pray, a three days' journey into the wilderness, and let us sacrifice to Jehovah our God. Exodus 3:18.

In the same author,

Pharaoh said, Who is Jehovah that I should hearken to His voice to send Israel away? I do not know Jehovah, and moreover I will not send Israel away. And they said, The God of the Hebrews has met with us; let us go, pray, a three days' journey into the wilderness, and let us sacrifice to Jehovah our God. Exodus 5:2-3.

[3] The fact that Jacob's descendants lost in Egypt, along with the worship, even the name of Jehovah becomes clear from the following in Moses,

Moses said to God, Behold, when I come to the children of Israel and say to them, The God of your fathers has sent me to you, and they say to me, What is His name? What shall I tell them? And God said to Moses, I Am Who I Am. And He said, Thus shall you say to the children of Israel, I Am has sent me to you. And God said moreover to Moses, Thus shall you say to the children of Israel, Jehovah the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you; this is My name for ever. Exodus 3:13-15.

[4] From this it is evident that even Moses did not know it and that they were distinguished from everyone else by the name of Jehovah, the God of the Hebrews. Hence also Jehovah is elsewhere called the God of the Hebrews,

You shall say to Pharaoh, Jehovah the God of the Hebrews has sent me to you. Exodus 7:16.

Go in to Pharaoh and say to him, Thus said Jehovah the God of the Hebrews. Exodus 9:1, 13.

Moses and Aaron went in to Pharaoh and said to him, Thus said Jehovah the God of the Hebrews Exodus 10:3.

In Jonah,

I am a Hebrew, and I fear Jehovah, the God of heaven. Jonah 1:9.

And also in Samuel,

The Philistines heard the noise of the shouting and said, What does the noise of this great shouting in the camp of the Hebrews mean? And they learned that the Ark of Jehovah had come to the camp. The Philistines said, Woe to us! Who will deliver us from the hand of these mighty gods? These are the gods who smote the Egyptians with every sort of plague in the wilderness. Acquit yourselves like men, O Philistines, lest you be slaves to the Hebrews. 1 Samuel 4:6, 8-9.

Here also it is evident that nations were distinguished from one another by the gods whose names they called on, and that the Hebrew nation was distinguished by that of Jehovah.

[5] The fact that sacrifices were the second essential feature of the worship of the Hebrew nation is also evident from the words from Exodus 3:18; 5:2-3, quoted above, as well as from the fact that the Egyptians abhorred the Hebrew nation on account of this form of worship, as is clear from the following in Moses,

Moses said, It is not right to do so, for we would be sacrificing to Jehovah our God what is abhorrent to the Egyptians; behold, we would be sacrificing what is abhorrent to the Egyptians in their eyes; will they not stone us? Exodus 8:26.

Consequently the Egyptians also abhorred the Hebrew nation so much that they refused even 'to eat bread' with them, Genesis 43:32. From this it is also evident that not merely the descendants of Jacob constituted the Hebrew nation but everybody who possessed that kind of worship. This also was why in Joseph's day the land of Canaan was called the land of the Hebrews,

Joseph said. By theft I have been taken away out of the land of the Hebrews. Genesis 40:15.

[6] The fact that sacrifices took place among the idolaters in the land of Canaan becomes clear from many references, for they used to sacrifice to their gods - to the baals and to others What is more, Balaam, who came from Syria where Eber had lived, that is, where the Hebrew nation had originated, before Jacob's descendants entered the land of Canaan, not only offered sacrifices but also called his God Jehovah. As to the fact that Balaam came from Syria where the Hebrew nation had originated, see Numbers 23:7; that he offered sacrifices, Numbers 22:39-40; 23:1-3, 14, 29; that he called his God Jehovah, Numbers 22:18, and elsewhere in those chapters. And Genesis 8:20 speaks of Noah offering burnt offerings to Jehovah - though this is not true history but made-up history - for 'burnt offerings' means the holiness of worship, as may be seen in that story. These considerations now show what 'Eber' or 'the Hebrew nation' means.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.