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約書亞記 13

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1 約書亞年紀老邁,耶和華對他:你年紀老邁了,還有許多未得之

2 就是非利士人的全境和基述人的全

3 埃及前的西曷河往,直到以革倫的境界,就算屬迦南人之地。有非利士人五個首領所管的迦薩人、亞實突人、亞實基倫人、迦特人、以革倫人之地,並有南方亞衛人之地。

4 又有迦南人的全,並屬西頓人的米亞拉到亞弗,直到亞摩利人的境界。

5 還有迦巴勒人之,並向日出的全利巴嫩,就是從黑門根的巴力迦得,直到哈馬口。

6 地的一切居民,從利巴嫩直到米斯利弗瑪音,就是所有的西頓人,我必在以色列人面前趕出他們去。你只管照我所吩咐的,將這地拈鬮分給以色列人為業。

7 現在你要把這分給個支派和瑪拿西半個支派為業。

8 瑪拿西那半支派和流便、迦得二支派已經受了產業,就是耶和華的僕人摩西在約但河東所賜他們的:

9 是從亞嫩谷邊的亞羅珥和谷中的城,並米底巴的全平原,直到底本,

10 和在希實本作王亞摩利王西宏的諸城,直到亞捫人的境界;

11 又有基列地、基述人、瑪迦人的地界,並黑門全、巴珊全地,直到撒迦;

12 又有巴珊王噩的全國─他在亞斯他錄和以得來作王(利乏音人所存留的只剩下他)。這些地的人都是摩西所擊殺、所趕逐的。

13 以色列人卻沒有趕逐基述人、瑪迦人;這些人仍以色列中,直到今日。

14 只是利未支派,摩西(原文作他)沒有把產業分他們。他們的產業乃是獻與耶和華以色列的火祭,正如耶和華所應許他們的。

15 摩西按著流便支派的宗族分他們產業。

16 他們的境界是亞嫩谷邊的亞羅珥和谷中的城,靠近米底巴的全平原;

17 希實本並屬希實本平原的各城,底本、巴末巴力、伯巴力勉、

18 雅雜、基底莫、米法押、

19 基列亭、西比瑪、的細列哈沙轄、

20 伯毘珥、毘斯迦山坡、伯耶西末;

21 平原的各城,並亞摩利王西宏的全國。這西宏曾在希實本作王,摩西把他和米甸的族長以未、利金、蘇珥、戶珥、利巴擊殺了;這都是屬西宏為首領的。

22 那時以色列人在所殺的人中,也用刀殺了比珥的兒子術士巴蘭

23 流便人的境界就是約但河與靠近約但河的地。以上是流便人按著宗族所得為業的諸城,並屬城的村莊

24 摩西按著迦得支派的宗族分他們產業。

25 他們的境界是雅謝和基列的各城,並亞捫人的一半,直到拉巴前的亞羅珥;

26 從希實本到拉抹米斯巴和比多寧,又從瑪哈念到底璧的境界,

27 中的伯亞蘭、伯寧拉、疏割、撒分,就是希實本王西宏國中的餘地,以及約但河與靠近約但河的地,直到基尼烈的極邊,都在約但河東。

28 以上是迦得人按著宗族所得為業的諸城,並屬城的村莊

29 摩西把產業分瑪拿西半支派,是按著瑪拿西半支派的宗族所分的。

30 他們的境界是從瑪哈念起,包括巴珊全地,就是巴珊王噩的全國,並在巴珊、睚珥的一切城邑,共六十個。

31 基列的一半,並亞斯他錄、以得來,就是屬巴珊王噩國的二城,是按著宗族給瑪拿西兒子瑪吉的一半子孫。

32 以上是摩西在約但河東對著耶利哥摩押平原所分給他們的產業。

33 只是利未支派,摩西沒有把產業分給他們。耶和華以色列的是他們的產業,正如耶和華所應許他們的。

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Joshua 13

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Joshua 13: The start of the tribal territory allocations.

Now that Israel had conquered the land of Canaan, the Lord commanded Joshua to divide the land between the twelve tribes. The next seven chapters tell how the the land of Canaan was divided (see Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 1413, to read more about the spiritual meaning).

Chapter 13 deals with the territories given to the tribes of Reuben, Gad and one half of Manasseh, all of which are on the other side of the river Jordan. Reuben was given the southern lands; Gad was given the extensive middle region, much of which is an area called Gilead; and half the tribe of Manasseh received the northern land which is on the other side of the Jordan.

It is also worth noting that the first few verses say much of the land remained to be conquered. However, at the end of chapter 11, we read that Joshua took the whole land as the Lord had commanded Moses.

This may seem contradictory, but spiritually it fits very well. In our regeneration, we aim to conquer our self-centred nature, and allow the Lord to rule us with his truth. This is spiritually ‘conquering the whole land’. But even so, our natural thoughts and desires sometimes rise up to trouble us, and these times are like the parts of the land that remain to be conquered. This is why we must recognize our complete dependence on the Lord (Arcana Caelestia 8326).

The Lord giving land as inheritance to each of the twelve tribes represents the way that He gives us our spiritual life. As we do the work of spiritual ‘conquering’ - living by our purpose to serve the Lord - we feel more and more that we can use our understanding of God and His Word in our actions every day.

The twelve tribes stand for the whole spectrum of what spiritual life involves, and each tribe relates to a specific quality of our spiritual living (Arcana Caelestia 3858). For example, we need to be discerning, positive, respectful of others, and so on. Each tribe has a sizeable area of the land, and is part of the integrity of the whole nation.

The territories given to Reuben, Gad and half of Manasseh are not part of Canaan, but they are linked to it. These areas represent our outward life: the way we work, live, rest, and relate with other people. This is the ‘casing’ of our spiritual life, and it is essential.

The tribe of Reuben – the eldest son of Jacob – stands for our initial need to see the truths from the Lord in the Word. By ‘seeing’ we mean meeting them, looking carefully, being attentive, coming to understand what they ask of us, and realising how important they are. It is not a vague impression that the Lord’s teachings are important, but a real first step for us (Arcana Caelestia 3866).

The tribe of Gad stands for our ability to see that knowledge and truth need to be used to perform good works. Gad’s name means ‘a troop,’ calling to mind soldiers marching in formation to go and sort things out properly. This is something we can apply to ourselves and to the world around us. We just need to watch that it doesn’t get too heavy-handed (See Swedenborg’s work, Apocalypse Explained 435[7]).

The tribe of Manasseh represents the spiritual good which supports our will to live a life which is just, fair and honourable because it is based on God. In fact, Manasseh – which means ‘forgetfulness’ – stands for our need to remember that ‘my will’ is really ‘the Lord’s will for me’. Our will needs to be focused on outward life and also inwardly open to the Lord, which is why half of Manasseh has land beyond the Jordan and half has land within Canaan (Arcana Caelestia 5353).

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Numbers 32

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1 Now the children of Reuben and the children of Gad had a very great multitude of livestock: and when they saw the land of Jazer, and the land of Gilead, that behold, the place was a place for livestock;

2 the children of Gad and the children of Reuben came and spoke to Moses, and to Eleazar the priest, and to the princes of the congregation, saying,

3 "Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nimrah, and Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Sebam, and Nebo, and Beon,

4 the land which Yahweh struck before the congregation of Israel, is a land for livestock; and your servants have livestock."

5 They said, "If we have found favor in your sight, let this land be given to your servants for a possession; don't bring us over the Jordan."

6 Moses said to the children of Gad, and to the children of Reuben, "Shall your brothers go to the war, and shall you sit here?

7 Why do you discourage the heart of the children of Israel from going over into the land which Yahweh has given them?

8 Your fathers did so when I sent them from Kadesh Barnea to see the land.

9 For when they went up to the valley of Eshcol, and saw the land, they discouraged the heart of the children of Israel, that they should not go into the land which Yahweh had given them.

10 Yahweh's anger was kindled in that day, and he swore, saying,

11 'Surely none of the men who came up out of Egypt, from twenty years old and upward, shall see the land which I swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob; because they have not wholly followed me:

12 except Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite, and Joshua the son of Nun; because they have followed Yahweh completely.'

13 Yahweh's anger was kindled against Israel, and he made them wander back and forth in the wilderness forty years, until all the generation, who had done evil in the sight of Yahweh, was consumed.

14 "Behold, you have risen up in your fathers' place, an increase of sinful men, to augment yet the fierce anger of Yahweh toward Israel.

15 For if you turn away from after him, he will yet again leave them in the wilderness; and you will destroy all this people."

16 They came near to him, and said, "We will build sheepfolds here for our livestock, and cities for our little ones:

17 but we ourselves will be ready armed to go before the children of Israel, until we have brought them to their place: and our little ones shall dwell in the fortified cities because of the inhabitants of the land.

18 We will not return to our houses, until the children of Israel have inherited every man his inheritance.

19 For we will not inherit with them on the other side of the Jordan, and forward; because our inheritance is fallen to us on this side of the Jordan eastward."

20 Moses said to them, "If you will do this thing, if you will arm yourselves to go before Yahweh to the war,

21 and every armed man of you will pass over the Jordan before Yahweh, until he has driven out his enemies from before him,

22 and the land is subdued before Yahweh; then afterward you shall return, and be guiltless towards Yahweh, and towards Israel; and this land shall be to you for a possession before Yahweh.

23 "But if you will not do so, behold, you have sinned against Yahweh; and be sure your sin will find you out.

24 Build cities for your little ones, and folds for your sheep; and do that which has proceeded out of your mouth."

25 The children of Gad and the children of Reuben spoke to Moses, saying, "Your servants will do as my lord commands.

26 Our little ones, our wives, our flocks, and all our livestock, shall be there in the cities of Gilead;

27 but your servants will pass over, every man who is armed for war, before Yahweh to battle, as my lord says."

28 So Moses commanded concerning them to Eleazar the priest, and to Joshua the son of Nun, and to the heads of the fathers' [houses] of the tribes of the children of Israel.

29 Moses said to them, "If the children of Gad and the children of Reuben will pass with you over the Jordan, every man who is armed to battle, before Yahweh, and the land shall be subdued before you; then you shall give them the land of Gilead for a possession:

30 but if they will not pass over with you armed, they shall have possessions among you in the land of Canaan."

31 The children of Gad and the children of Reuben answered, saying, "As Yahweh has said to your servants, so will we do.

32 We will pass over armed before Yahweh into the land of Canaan, and the possession of our inheritance [shall remain] with us beyond the Jordan."

33 Moses gave to them, even to the children of Gad, and to the children of Reuben, and to the half-tribe of Manasseh the son of Joseph, the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites, and the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, the land, according to the cities of it with [their] borders, even the cities of the surrounding land.

34 The children of Gad built Dibon, and Ataroth, and Aroer,

35 and Atrothshophan, and Jazer, and Jogbehah,

36 and Beth Nimrah, and Beth Haran: fortified cities, and folds for sheep.

37 The children of Reuben built Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Kiriathaim,

38 and Nebo, and Baal Meon, (their names being changed), and Sibmah: and they gave other names to the cities which they built.

39 The children of Machir the son of Manasseh went to Gilead, and took it, and dispossessed the Amorites who were therein.

40 Moses gave Gilead to Machir the son of Manasseh; and he lived therein.

41 Jair the son of Manasseh went and took its towns, and called them Havvoth Jair.

42 Nobah went and took Kenath, and its villages, and called it Nobah, after his own name.