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士师记 11

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1 基列人耶弗他是个大能的勇士,是妓女儿子。耶弗他是基列所生的。

2 基列的妻也生了几个儿子:他妻所生的儿子长大了,就赶逐耶弗他,:你不可在我们父家承受产业,因为你是妓女的儿子

3 耶弗他就逃避他的弟兄,去在陀伯,有些匪徒到他那里聚集,与他一同出入。

4 过了些日子,亚扪人攻打以色列

5 亚扪人攻打以色列的时候,基列的长老到陀伯去,要叫耶弗他回来;

6 对耶弗他:请你来作我们的元帅,我们好与亚扪人争战。

7 耶弗他回答基列的长老:从前你们不是恨我、赶逐我出离父家麽?现在你们遭遇急难为何到我这里呢?

8 基列的长老回答耶弗他:现在我们到你这里来,是要你同我们去,与亚扪人争战;你可以作基列一切居民的领袖。

9 耶弗他对基列的长老:你们叫我回去,与亚扪人争战,耶和华把他交我,我可以作你们的领袖麽?

10 基列的长老回答耶弗他:有耶和华在你我中间作见证,我们必定照你的行。

11 於是耶弗他同基列的长老回去,百姓就立耶弗他作领袖、作元帅。耶弗他在米斯巴将自己的一切陈明在耶和华面前。

12 耶弗他打发使者去见亚扪人的王,:你与我有甚麽相干,竟到我国中攻打我呢?

13 亚扪人的王回答耶弗他的使者:因为以色列埃及上来的时候占据我的,从亚嫩河到雅博河,直到约但河。现在你要好好将这归还罢!

14 耶弗他又打发使者去见亚扪人的王,

15 对他:耶弗他如此以色列人并没有占据摩押和亚扪人的

16 以色列人埃及乃是经过旷野到红到加低斯,

17 就打发使者去见以东王,说:求你容我从你的经过。以东王却不应允。又照样打发使者去见摩押王,他也不允准。以色列人在加低斯。

18 他们又经过旷野,绕着以东摩押,从摩押的东边过,在亚嫩河边安营,并没有入摩押的境内,因为亚嫩河是摩押边界

19 以色列人打发使者去见亚摩利王西宏,就是希实本的王,对他:求你容我们从你的经过,往我们自己的地方去。

20 西宏却不信服以色列人,不容他们经过他的境界,乃招聚他的众民在雅杂安营,与以色列人争战。

21 耶和华以色列的将西宏和他的众民都交在以色列人中,以色列人就击杀他们,得了亚摩利人的全

22 从亚嫩河到雅博河,从旷野直到约但河。

23 耶和华以色列的在他百姓以色列面前赶出亚摩利人,你竟要得他们的地麽?

24 你的基抹所赐你的地你不是得为业麽?耶和华我们我们面前所赶出的人,我们就得他的地。

25 难道你比摩押王西拨的儿子巴勒还强麽?他曾与以色列人争竞,或是与他们争战麽?

26 以色列人希实本和属希实本的乡村,亚罗珥和属亚罗珥的乡村,并沿亚嫩河的一切城邑,已经有年了;在这年之内,你们为甚麽没有取回这些地方呢?

27 原来我没有得罪你,你却攻打我,恶待我。愿审判人的耶和华今日在以色列人和亚扪人中间判断是非。

28 但亚扪人的王不肯耶弗他打发人说的

29 耶和华的灵降在耶弗他身上,他就经过基列和玛拿西,来到基列的米斯巴,又从米斯巴来到亚扪人那里。

30 耶弗他就向耶和华许愿,:你若将亚扪人交在我中,

31 我从亚扪人那里平平安安回来的时候,无论甚麽人,先从我家出来迎接我,就必归你,我也必将他献上为燔祭。

32 於是耶弗他往亚扪人那里去,与他们争战;耶和华将他们交在他中,

33 他就杀败他们,从亚罗珥到米匿,直到亚备勒基拉明,攻取了二十座城。这样亚扪人就被以色列人制伏了。

34 耶弗他回米斯巴到了自己的家,不料,他女儿拿着跳舞迎接他,是他独生的,此外无儿无女。

35 耶弗他见他,就撕裂衣服:哀哉!我的女儿啊,你使我甚是愁苦,叫我作难了;因为我已经向耶和华许愿,不能挽回。

36 他女儿回答:父啊,你既向耶和华,就当照你中所的向我行,因耶和华已经在仇敌亚扪人身上为你报仇;

37 又对父亲:有一件事求你允准:容我去两个,与同伴在上,好哀哭我终为处女。

38 耶弗他:你去罢!就容他去两个。他便和同伴去了,在上为他终为处女哀哭。

39 已满,他回到父亲那里,父亲就照所许的愿向他行了。女儿终身没有亲近子。

40 此後以色列中有个规矩,每年以色列的女子去为基列人耶弗他的女儿哀哭

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 11

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Judges 11: Jephthah’s victory.

This chapter and most of the next are about the judge Jephthah. He was Gilead’s son by a prostitute, so Gilead’s other sons despised him, and drove him out from his homeland. He fled to the land of Tob, where he lived amongst reckless men. When the Ammonites made war against Israel, the elders of Gilead went to the land of Tob to ask if Jephthah would lead their army. At first, Jephthah challenged them, and asked why they would come to him for help after expelling him from their county. However, the elders swore by the Lord that they would accept him as their leader, so he agreed to go with them.

Then Jephthah sent messengers to the king of Ammon, to ask why his people were attacking Gilead. The king said that Israel had taken away their land, but Jephthah recounted to them the history of Israel’s time in the wilderness, specifically pointing out that they not made war with the nations of Canaan. The only exception was the Amorite king Sihon’s attack on Israel, in which the Israelites defended themselves and defeated the Amorites. So, Jephthah explained that Israel had not taken land from the Ammonites. But the people of Ammon did not listen, and prepared for war.

While preparing his army against the people of Ammon, Jephthah made a vow to the Lord: if He would grant Gilead victory, Jephthah would make a burnt offering of the first thing which came out from his house upon his return home. Battle ensued, and the army of Jephthah utterly defeated Ammon.

When Jephthah returned home, his daughter – his only child – came out of the house to greet him with music and dancing. He tore his clothes in despair, and told her about his vow to the Lord. His daughter told him to keep his word, and asked to be left alone for two months to lament her virginity. Then, when the time came, Jephthah carried out his vow to the Lord.

*****

Jephthah’s dealings with both the Ammonites and his own family show that serving the Lord leads us to seek peace, not conflict or war. His account of the Israelites’ struggles showed that his people had only defended themselves against other nations, but had not fanned the flames of war. We are to do the work of making peace in our lives, while upholding and defending what is true (see Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 1683).

The people of Ammon stand for knowing what is true, but then corrupting that truth to live a life based in falsities. For example, if we know the Lord regenerates us, and then tell ourselves that we no longer hold any responsibility for our eternal state, we have falsified the truth. This view completely distorts the truth: the Lord regenerates us as we work to live righteously (see Swedenborg’s work, Sacred Scripture 18[3]).

The spiritual meaning of a ‘daughter’ is an affection for spiritual truths and the life they offer. Affection is the offspring of feeling delight in truths; as we develop these affections, we learn to recognize that they come from the Lord, for he is the source of all good things (Arcana Caelestia 3336[2]).

Jephthah’s daughter was his deepest love, his greatest affection. She was a virgin, representing the spiritual qualities of purity and innocence. Her request for two months of solitude can be understood as our need to reflect during any giving to the Lord, to be sure that our intentions are pure, without any selfish expectations (see Swedenborg’s work, Divine Providence 121).

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Judges 11

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1 Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valour, and he was the son of an harlot: and Gilead begat Jephthah.

2 And Gilead's wife bare him sons; and his wife's sons grew up, and they thrust out Jephthah, and said unto him, Thou shalt not inherit in our father's house; for thou art the son of a strange woman.

3 Then Jephthah fled from his brethren, and dwelt in the land of Tob: and there were gathered vain men to Jephthah, and went out with him.

4 And it came to pass in process of time, that the children of Ammon made war against Israel.

5 And it was so, that when the children of Ammon made war against Israel, the elders of Gilead went to fetch Jephthah out of the land of Tob:

6 And they said unto Jephthah, Come, and be our captain, that we may fight with the children of Ammon.

7 And Jephthah said unto the elders of Gilead, Did not ye hate me, and expel me out of my father's house? and why are ye come unto me now when ye are in distress?

8 And the elders of Gilead said unto Jephthah, Therefore we turn again to thee now, that thou mayest go with us, and fight against the children of Ammon, and be our head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.

9 And Jephthah said unto the elders of Gilead, If ye bring me home again to fight against the children of Ammon, and the LORD deliver them before me, shall I be your head?

10 And the elders of Gilead said unto Jephthah, The LORD be witness between us, if we do not so according to thy words.

11 Then Jephthah went with the elders of Gilead, and the people made him head and captain over them: and Jephthah uttered all his words before the LORD in Mizpeh.

12 And Jephthah sent messengers unto the king of the children of Ammon, saying, What hast thou to do with me, that thou art come against me to fight in my land?

13 And the king of the children of Ammon answered unto the messengers of Jephthah, Because Israel took away my land, when they came up out of Egypt, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and unto Jordan: now therefore restore those lands again peaceably.

14 And Jephthah sent messengers again unto the king of the children of Ammon:

15 And said unto him, Thus saith Jephthah, Israel took not away the land of Moab, nor the land of the children of Ammon:

16 But when Israel came up from Egypt, and walked through the wilderness unto the Red sea, and came to Kadesh;

17 Then Israel sent messengers unto the king of Edom, saying, Let me, I pray thee, pass through thy land: but the king of Edom would not hearken thereto. And in like manner they sent unto the king of Moab: but he would not consent: and Israel abode in Kadesh.

18 Then they went along through the wilderness, and compassed the land of Edom, and the land of Moab, and came by the east side of the land of Moab, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, but came not within the border of Moab: for Arnon was the border of Moab.

19 And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, the king of Heshbon; and Israel said unto him, Let us pass, we pray thee, through thy land into my place.

20 But Sihon trusted not Israel to pass through his coast: but Sihon gathered all his people together, and pitched in Jahaz, and fought against Israel.

21 And the LORD God of Israel delivered Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel, and they smote them: so Israel possessed all the land of the Amorites, the inhabitants of that country.

22 And they possessed all the coasts of the Amorites, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and from the wilderness even unto Jordan.

23 So now the LORD God of Israel hath dispossessed the Amorites from before his people Israel, and shouldest thou possess it?

24 Wilt not thou possess that which Chemosh thy god giveth thee to possess? So whomsoever the LORD our god shall drive out from before us, them will we possess.

25 And now art thou any thing better than Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab? did he ever strive against Israel, or did he ever fight against them,

26 While Israel dwelt in Heshbon and her towns, and in Aroer and her towns, and in all the cities that be along by the coasts of Arnon, three hundred years? why therefore did ye not recover them within that time?

27 Wherefore I have not sinned against thee, but thou doest me wrong to war against me: the LORD the Judge be Judge this day between the children of Israel and the children of Ammon.

28 Howbeit the king of the children of Ammon hearkened not unto the words of Jephthah which he sent him.

29 Then the Spirit of the LORD came upon Jephthah, and he passed over Gilead, and Manasseh, and passed over Mizpeh of Gilead, and from Mizpeh of Gilead he passed over unto the children of Ammon.

30 And Jephthah vowed a vow unto the LORD, and said, If thou shalt without fail deliver the children of Ammon into mine hands,

31 Then it shall be, that whatsoever cometh forth of the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the children of Ammon, shall surely be the LORD's, and I will offer it up for a burnt offering.

32 So Jephthah passed over unto the children of Ammon to fight against them; and the LORD delivered them into his hands.

33 And he smote them from Aroer, even till thou come to Minnith, even twenty cities, and unto the plain of the vineyards, with a very great slaughter. Thus the children of Ammon were subdued before the children of Israel.

34 And Jephthah came to Mizpeh unto his house, and, behold, his daughter came out to meet him with timbrels and with dances: and she was his only child; beside her he had neither son nor daughter.

35 And it came to pass, when he saw her, that he rent his clothes, and said, Alas, my daughter! thou hast brought me very low, and thou art one of them that trouble me: for I have opened my mouth unto the LORD, and I cannot go back.

36 And she said unto him, My father, if thou hast opened thy mouth unto the LORD, do to me according to that which hath proceeded out of thy mouth; forasmuch as the LORD hath taken vengeance for thee of thine enemies, even of the children of Ammon.

37 And she said unto her father, Let this thing be done for me: let me alone two months, that I may go up and down upon the mountains, and bewail my virginity, I and my fellows.

38 And he said, Go. And he sent her away for two months: and she went with her companions, and bewailed her virginity upon the mountains.

39 And it came to pass at the end of two months, that she returned unto her father, who did with her according to his vow which he had vowed: and she knew no man. And it was a custom in Israel,

40 That the daughters of Israel went yearly to lament the daughter of Jephthah the Gileadite four days in a year.