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2 Mosebok第12章

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1 Og Herren sa til Moses og Aron i Egyptens land:

2 Denne måned* skal være eders nytt årsmåned, den skal være den første av årets måneder hos eder. / {* måneden abib eller nisan, 2MO 13, 4. NEH 2, 11. omtrent vår april.}

3 Tal til hele Israels menighet og si: På den tiende dag i denne måned skal hver husfar ta sig ut et lam, et lam for hvert hus.

4 Men dersom huset er for lite til et lam, skal han og hans nærmeste nabo ta et lam sammen efter tallet på deres husfolk; efter hvad enhver eter, skal I regne folk på hvert lam.

5 Det skal være et lam uten lyte, av hankjønn, årsgammelt; et lam eller et kje kan I ta.

6 Og I skal gjemme det til den fjortende dag i denne måned; da skal hele Israels samlede menighet slakte det mellem de to aftenstunder*. / {* mellem solens nedgang og nattens frembrudd.}

7 Og de skal ta av blodet og stryke på begge dørstolpene og på det øverste dørtre på de hus hvor de eter det.

8 Og de skal ete kjøttet samme natt; stekt ved ild og med usyret brød og bitre urter skal de ete det.

9 I må ikke ete noget av det rått eller kokt i vann, men stekt ved ild, med hode, føtter og innvoller.

10 Og I skal ikke levne noget av det til om morgenen; er det noget igjen om morgenen, skal I brenne det op i ilden.

11 Og således skal I ete det: med ombundne lender, med sko på føttene og med stav i hånd, og I skal ete det i hast; det er påske* for Herren. / {* ordet påske betyr forbigang.}

12 For samme natt vil jeg gå igjennem Egyptens land og slå ihjel alt førstefødt i Egyptens land, både folk og fe, og over alle Egyptens guder vil jeg holde dom; jeg er Herren.

13 Og blodet på de hus som I er i, skal være til et tegn for eder; når jeg ser blodet, vil jeg gå eder forbi; og ikke skal noget slag ramme eder til ødeleggelse når jeg slår Egyptens land.

14 Og denne dag skal være en minnedag for eder, og I skal holde den som en høitid for Herren; det skal være en evig forskrift for eder å holde den, slekt efter slekt.

15 I syv dager skal I ete usyret brød. Straks på den første dag skal I ha all surdeig bort av eders hus; enhver som eter syret brød fra den første til den syvende dag, han skal utryddes av Israel.

16 Og på den første dag skal I holde en hellig sammenkomst, og likeså på den syvende dag en hellig sammenkomst. Intet arbeid skal gjøres nogen av de dager; bare den mat som enhver av eder trenger, må I lage til.

17 I skal holde de usyrede brøds høitid, for på denne samme dag førte jeg eders hærer ut av Egyptens land; derfor skal det være en evig forskrift for eder å holde denne dag, slekt efter slekt.

18 I den første måned, på den fjortende dag i måneden om aftenen skal I ete usyret brød, og det skal I gjøre helt til den enogtyvende dag om aftenen i samme måned.

19 I syv dager skal det ikke finnes surdeig i eders hus; enhver som eter syret brød, han skal utryddes av Israels menighet, enten han er en fremmed eller innfødt i landet.

20 Intet syret skal I ete, i alle hus skal I ete usyret brød.

21 Da kalte Moses alle Israels eldste til sig og sa til dem: Gå og hent småfe for eders familier og slakt påskelammet!

22 Og I skal ta et knippe isop og dyppe i blodet som er i skålen, og stryke på det øverste dørtre og på begge dørstolpene noget av blodet i skålen, og ingen av eder skal gå ut av sin husdør før om morgenen.

23 For Herren skal gå igjennem landet for å slå egypterne, og når han ser blodet på det øverste dørtre og på begge dørstolpene, skal han gå døren forbi og ikke la ødeleggeren få komme inn i eders hus og slå eder.

24 Dette skal I holde; det skal være en forskrift for dig og dine barn til evig tid.

25 Og når I kommer inn i det land Herren skal gi eder, således som han har lovt, da skal I holde denne tjeneste.

26 Og når eders barn sier til eder: Hvad er dette for en tjeneste som I holder? -

27 da skal I si: Det er påskeoffer for Herren, som gikk forbi Israels barns hus i Egypten da han slo egypterne og fridde våre hus. Og folket bøide sig og tilbad.

28 Og Israels barn gikk bort og gjorde dette; som Herren hadde sagt til Moses og Aron, således gjorde de.

29 Så skjedde det ved midnatts tid at Herren slo ihjel alle førstefødte i Egyptens land, fra den førstefødte sønn av Farao, som satt på sin trone, til den førstefødte sønn av fangen, som var i fengslet, og alt førstefødt blandt buskapen.

30 Da stod Farao op om natten, han og alle hans tjenere og alle egypterne, og det blev et stort skrik i Egypten; for det var ikke et hus hvor det ikke var en død.

31 Og han kalte Moses og Aron til sig om natten og sa: Gjør eder rede, dra ut fra mitt folk, både I og Israels barn, far bort og tjen Herren, som I har sagt!

32 Ta med eder både eders småfe og eders storfe, som I har sagt, gå og bed godt også over mig!

33 Og egypterne trengte hårdt på folket for å få dem hastig ut av landet; for de sa: Vi er dødsens alle sammen!

34 Så tok folket sin deig, før den var syret; de svøpte sine deigtrau i sine klær og bar dem på sine skuldrer.

35 Og Israels barn gjorde som Moses hadde sagt, og bad egypterne om smykker av sølv og gull og om klær.

36 Og Herren gav folket yndest hos egypterne, så de gjerne gav dem det de bad om. Det var det bytte de tok av egypterne.

37 Så brøt da Israels barn op fra a'amses og tok veien til Sukkot, omkring seks hundre tusen mann til fots foruten barna.

38 Og det drog også en stor hop av alle slags folk med dem, og småfeet og storfeet, en overmåte stor mengde fe.

39 Av den deig de hadde med sig fra Egypten, bakte de usyrede kaker; for den var ikke syret, fordi de var drevet ut av Egypten og ikke torde dryge der lenger; heller ikke hadde de laget i stand reisekost.

40 Men den tid Israels barn hadde bodd i Egypten, var fire hundre og tretti år.

41 På den dag de fire hundre og tretti år var til ende, da var det alle Herrens hærer drog ut av Egyptens land.

42 Denne natt tok Herren i akt for å føre dem ut av Egyptens land; den samme natt skal alle Israels barn ta i akt for Herren, slekt efter slekt.

43 Og Herren sa til Moses og Aron: Dette er forskriften om påskelammet: Ingen fremmed skal ete av det.

44 Men enhver træl som er kjøpt for sølv, ham skal du omskjære; da kan han ete av det.

45 Ingen innerst eller dagarbeider skal ete av det.

46 I ett hus skal det etes; du skal ikke la noget av kjøttet komme utenfor huset, og I skal ikke bryte noget ben på det.

47 Således skal hele Israels menighet gjøre.

48 Og når en fremmed opholder sig hos dig og vil holde påske for Herren, skal alt mannkjønn hos ham omskjæres, og da kan han få være med og holde den; han skal være som en innfødt i landet; men ingen uomskåret skal ete av det.

49 Det skal være en og samme lov for den innfødte og for den fremmede som opholder sig hos eder.

50 Og alle Israels barn gjorde således; som Herren hadde befalt Moses og Aron, således gjorde de.

51 På denne samme dag var det Herren førte Israels barn ut av Egyptens land, hær efter hær.

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Apocalypse Explained#314

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314. Stood a Lamb. That this signifies the Lord as to the Divine Human, is evident from the signification of a lamb, when predicated of the Lord, as denoting Himself as to the Divine Human. The Lord as to the Divine Human is called a lamb, because a lamb signifies the good of innocence, and the good of innocence is the very good of heaven which proceeds from the Lord; and in proportion as the angels receive this good, in the same proportion they are angels. This good reigns with the angels who are in the third or inmost heaven; therefore those who are in that heaven appear as infants before the eyes of other angels. What the good of innocence is, and that the angels of heaven are in that good, may be seen in the work concerning Heaven and Hell, in the article which treats concerning the State of Innocence of the Angels of Heaven (n.276-283, also n. 285, 288, 341, 382). It is believed in the world that the Lord is called a lamb from this, that the continual burnt-offering, or what was offered every day, evening and morning, was that of lambs; and especially on the days of the passover, when a lamb was also eaten; and that the Lord suffered Himself to be sacrificed. But this reason of His being so called is for those in the world who do not think beyond the sense of the letter of the Word; nevertheless, in heaven no such thing is perceived by a lamb when it is predicated of the Lord; but when a lamb is named or read of in the Word, the angels, because all of them are in the spiritual sense of the Word, perceive the good of innocence; and when the Lord is thus called, they perceive His Divine Human, and at the same time the good of innocence which is from Him. I know that it will be believed with difficulty that it is so, but yet it is the truth.

[2] That the lamb, in the Word, signifies the good of innocence, and, when predicated of the Lord, signifies His Divine Human, is evident from the following passages. In Isaiah:

"Behold, the Lord Jehovih cometh in might. He shall feed his flock like a shepherd; he shall gather the lambs into his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead the sucklings" (40:10, 11).

This is spoken of the Lord's advent; by the flock which He shall feed like a shepherd, are signified those who are in the good of charity; and by the lambs which He shall gather into His arm, are signified those who are in love to Him. This love is that which strictly regarded, is innocence, therefore all those who are in it are in the heaven of innocence, which is the third heaven; and because that love is signified by lambs, it is therefore said also, "He shall gently lead the sucklings." By sucklings and infants in the Word are meant those who are in innocence, as may be seen in the work concerning Heaven and Hell 277, 280, 329-345).

[3] In the same:

"The wolf shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little boy shall lead them. And the she-calf and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together; the suckling shall play on the hole of the adder, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice' den" (11:6-8).

These things are said concerning the Lord's advent, and concerning His kingdom, also concerning those therein who are in the good of innocence, that they shall have nothing to fear from the hells and the evils thence, because guarded by the Lord. The Lord's kingdom is here described, by innocences of various kinds, and by their opposites from which they shall be defended; the lamb denotes innocence of the inmost degree, its opposite is the wolf: the kid denotes innocence of the second degree, of which the opposite is the leopard: the calf denotes innocence of the last degree, of which the opposite is the young lion. (That a lamb, a ram or sheep, and a calf, signify three degrees of innocence, may be seen, n. Arcana Coelestia 10132.) Innocence of the inmost degree is such as belongs to those who are in the third or inmost heaven, and the good thereof is called celestial good; innocence of the second degree is such as belongs to those who are in the second or middle heaven, and the good thereof is called spiritual good; and innocence of the last degree is such as belongs to those who are in the first or ultimate heaven, and the good thereof is called natural-spiritual good. (That all those who are in the heavens are in some good of innocence, may be seen, n. Arcana Coelestia 4797.) Because as the goods of innocence are described by these, it is therefore also said, "And a little boy shall lead them," also, "the suckling shall play on the hole of the adder the weaned child shall put his hand upon the cockatrice' den." By a boy, a suckling a weaned child, are in like manner signified those degrees of innocence. (That a boy [signifies a degree of innocence], Arcana Coelestia 430, 5236; that a suckling or infant of the first age, and a weaned child or an infant of the second age, see n. 3183, 4563, 5608, 6740, 6745.)

[4] Because the lamb signifies innocence or those who are innocent, and a wolf those who are opposed to innocence, therefore it is said elsewhere in the same prophet:

"The wolf and the lamb shall feed together; they shall not do evil in the whole mountain of holiness" (65:25).

The mountain of holiness denotes heaven, specifically the inmost heaven; and therefore the Lord said to the seventy whom He sent forth,

"I send you forth as lambs in the midst of wolves" (Luke 10:3).

[5] Because lambs signify those who are in love to the Lord, which love is one with innocence, and because sheep signify those who are in love towards the neighbour, which love is charity, therefore the Lord said to Peter,

"Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; Thou knowest that I love thee. He saith unto him, Feed my lambs; and afterwards, Feed my sheep" (John 21:15-17).

These things were said to Peter, because by him was meant truth from good, or faith from charity, and truth from good teaches; to feed denoting to teach.

[6] In Ezekiel:

"Arabia and all the princes of Kedar, these were the merchants of thy hand, in lambs, rams, and goats" (27:21).

This is said concerning Tyre, by which are meant those who are in the knowledges of truth and good. By Arabia and the princes of Kedar, who are the merchants of her hand, are signified those who are in truths and goods from knowledges; and by merchants are signified those who communicate and teach them; by lambs, rams, and goats, are signified three degrees of the good of innocence, similarly as by lambs, rams, and calves. That by these are signified the three degrees of the good of innocence, may be seen, n. Arcana Coelestia 10042, 10132.

[7] Also in Moses:

"He made him to ride on the high places of the earth, and fed him with the produce of the fields; and he made him to suck honey out of the rock, and oil out of the stone of the rock; butter of the herd, and milk of the flock, with the fat of lambs, of the rams of Bashan, and of goats, with the fat of the kidneys of wheat; and thou drinkest the pure blood of the grape" (Deuteronomy 32:13, 14).

These things are said concerning the establishment of the Ancient Church, which was the first church after the flood, and by all these things are described its various kinds of good; but because without explanation scarcely any one will understand them, a few words will be said. To ride on the high places of the earth, signifies that the intelligence of those who belonged to that church was interior; he fed him with the produce of the fields, signifies that they were instructed in every truth and good; He made him to suck honey out of the rock, signifies that by means of truths they had natural good; oil out of the stone of the rock, signifies that they had also spiritual good by means of truths; honey and oil signify those goods, and a rock, a flinty rock, and a stone signify truths. Butter of the herd, and milk of the flock, signify the good of external and internal truth; the fat of lambs, of the rams of Bashan, and of goats, signifies the goods of innocence of three degrees (as mentioned above); the fat of the kidneys of wheat, and the blood of the grape, signify that thus they had genuine good and genuine truth.

[8] In Isaiah:

"The sword of Jehovah is filled with blood; it is made fat with fatness, with the blood of lambs and of goats, and with the fat of the kidneys of rams" (34:6).

Here also by lambs, rams, and goats, are signified the three degrees of the good of innocence (mentioned above); but the subject here treated of is concerning their destruction by the falsities of evil; for a sword signifies falsity destroying truth and good; the blood with which it shall be filled signifies destruction.

[9] Because by lamb is signified innocence, which, strictly regarded, is love to the Lord, therefore by lamb, in the highest sense, is signified the Lord as to the Divine Human, for the Lord as to that was Innocence itself; as may be seen in the following passages. In Isaiah:

"He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth; he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter" (53:7).

In the same:

"Send ye the lamb of the ruler of the land from the rock toward the wilderness, unto the mount of the daughter of Zion" (16:1).

In John:

"John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world." And afterwards seeing Jesus walking, he said, "Behold the Lamb of God" (1:29, 36).

In the Apocalypse:

"The Lamb [which is] in the midst of the throne shall feed them, and shall lead them unto living fountains of waters" (7:17).

And in another place:

"They have overcome by the blood of the Lamb, and by the Word of the testimony" (12:11),

besides also elsewhere in the Apocalypse (as chap. 13:8; 14:1, 4; 17:14; 19:7, 9; 21:22, 23; 22:1, 3).

[10] Because the burnt-offerings and sacrifices signified all representative worship from the good of love and from the truths thence, burnt-offerings from the good of love, and sacrifices specifically from the truths thence, therefore,

Every day, evening and morning, a burnt-offering was made of lambs (Exodus 29:38-43; Num. 28:1-9).

On every Sabbath, of two lambs, besides the continual burnt-offering of them (Num. 28:9, 10).

In the beginnings of the months, of seven lambs (Num. 28:11-15).

In like manner, on the day of the first-fruits (Num. 28:26 to end).

In like manner in the seventh month, when there was a holy convocation (Num. 29:1-7).

In like manner of seven lambs on each day of the passover, besides of two calves, one ram, and one goat (Num. 28:16-24).

[The burnt-offering was] of seven lambs, because by seven is signified all and full, and it is said of what is holy; and because by burnt-offerings in general was signified the worship of the Lord from the good of love, and the good of love to the Lord from the Lord is the essential good of innocence; and by lamb, in the highest sense, was signified the Lord as to the Divine Human. (That burnt-offerings signified all worship grounded in the good of love from the Lord to the Lord, may be seen, n. 923, 6905, 8680, 8936, 10042.) Because of this representation the supper of the passover of lambs or kids was also instituted (Exodus 12:1-29); for by the feast of the passover was represented the glorification of the Lord's Human (as may be seen, n. 10655). Because infants signified innocence, it was therefore also commanded, that

After a birth, on the day of purification, they should sacrifice a lamb, a young pigeon, or a turtle dove; or, instead of a lamb, two young pigeons or two turtle doves (Leviticus 12:6, 8).

By young pigeons and by turtle doves is signified the same as by lambs, namely, innocence.

  
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Translation by Isaiah Tansley. Many thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.