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Esodo第32章

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1 Or il popolo, vedendo che Mosè tardava a scender dal monte, si radunò intorno ad Aaronne e gli disse: "Orsù, facci un dio, che ci vada dinanzi; poiché, quanto a Mosè, a quest’uomo che ci ha tratto dal paese d’Egitto, non sappiamo che ne sia stato".

2 E Aaronne rispose loro: "Staccate gli anelli d’oro che sono agli orecchi delle vostre mogli, dei vostri figliuoli e delle vostre figliuole, e portatemeli".

3 E tutto il popolo si staccò dagli orecchi gli anelli d’oro e li portò ad Aaronne,

4 il quale li prese dalle loro mani, e, dopo averne cesellato il modello, ne fece un vitello di getto. E quelli dissero: "O Israele, questo è il tuo dio che ti ha tratto dal paese d’Egitto!"

5 Quando Aaronne vide questo, eresse un altare davanti ad esso, e fece un bando che diceva: "Domani sarà festa in onore dell’Eterno!"

6 E l’indomani, quelli si levarono di buon’ora, offrirono olocausti e recarono de’ sacrifizi di azioni di grazie; e il popolo si adagiò per mangiare e bere, e poi si alzò per divertirsi.

7 E l’Eterno disse a Mosè: "Va’, scendi; perché il tuo popolo che hai tratto dal paese d’Egitto, s’è corrotto;

8 si son presto sviati dalla strada ch’io avevo loro ordinato di seguire; si son fatti un vitello di getto, l’hanno adorato, gli hanno offerto sacrifizi, e hanno detto: O Israele, questo è il tuo dio che ti ha tratto dal paese d’Egitto".

9 L’Eterno disse ancora a Mosè: "Ho considerato bene questo popolo; ecco, è un popolo di collo duro.

10 Or dunque, lascia che la mia ira s’infiammi contro a loro, e ch’io li consumi! ma di te io farò una grande nazione".

11 Allora Mosè supplicò l’Eterno, il suo Dio, e disse: "Perché, o Eterno, l’ira tua s’infiammerebbe contro il tuo popolo che hai tratto dal paese d’Egitto con gran potenza e con mano forte?

12 Perché direbbero gli Egiziani: Egli li ha tratti fuori per far loro del male, per ucciderli su per le montagne e per sterminarli di sulla faccia della terra? Calma l’ardore della tua ira e pèntiti del male di cui minacci il tuo popolo.

13 Ricordati d’Abrahamo, d’Isacco e d’Israele, tuoi servi, ai quali giurasti per te stesso, dicendo loro: Io moltiplicherò la vostra progenie come le stelle de’ cieli; darò alla vostra progenie tutto questo paese di cui vi ho parlato, ed essa lo possederà in perpetuo".

14 E l’Eterno si pentì del male che avea detto di fare al suo popolo.

15 Allora Mosè si voltò e scese dal monte con le due tavole della testimonianza nelle mani: tavole scritte d’ambo i lati, di qua e di là.

16 Le tavole erano opera di Dio, e la scrittura era scrittura di Dio, incisa sulle tavole.

17 Or Giosuè, udendo il clamore del popolo che gridava, disse a Mosè: "S’ode un fragore di battaglia nel campo".

18 E Mosè rispose: "Questo non è né grido di vittoria, né grido di vinti; il clamore ch’io odo e di gente che canta".

19 E come fu vicino al campo vide il vitello e le danze; e l’ira di Mosè s’infiammò, ed egli gettò dalle mani le tavole e le spezzò appiè del monte.

20 Poi prese il vitello che quelli avea fatto, lo bruciò col fuoco, lo ridusse in polvere, sparse la polvere sull’acqua, la fece bere ai figliuoli d’Israele.

21 E Mosè disse ad Aaronne: "Che t’ha fatto questo popolo, che gli hai tirato addosso un sì gran peccato?"

22 Aaronne rispose: "L’ira del mio signore non s’infiammi; tu conosci questo popolo, e sai ch’è inclinato al male.

23 Essi m’hanno detto: Facci un di che ci vada dinanzi; poiché, quanto Mosè, a quest’uomo che ci ha tratti dal paese d’Egitto, non sappiamo che ne sia stato.

24 E io ho detto loro: Chi ha dell’oro se lo levi di dosso! Essi me l’hanno dato; io l’ho buttato nel fuoco, e n’è venuto fuori questo vitello".

25 Quando Mosè vide che il popolo era senza freno e che Aaronne lo avea lasciato sfrenarsi esponendolo all’obbrobrio de’ suoi nemici,

26 si fermò all’ingresso del campo, e disse: "Chiunque è per l’Eterno, venga a me!" E tutti i figliuoli di Levi si radunarono presso a lui.

27 Ed egli disse loro: "Così dice l’Eterno, l’Iddio d’Israele: Ognun di voi si metta la spada al fianco; passate e ripassate nel campo, da una porta all’altra d’esso, e ciascuno uccida il fratello, ciascuno l’amico, ciascuno il vicino!"

28 I figliuoli di Levi eseguirono l’ordine di Mosè e in quel giorno caddero circa tremila uomini.

29 Or Mosè avea detto: "Consacratevi oggi all’Eterno, anzi ciascuno si consacri a prezzo del proprio figliuolo e del proprio fratello, onde l’Eterno v’impartisca una benedizione".

30 L’indomani Mosè disse al popolo: "Voi avete commesso un gran peccato; ma ora io salirò all’Eterno; forse otterrò che il vostro peccato vi sia perdonato".

31 Mosè dunque tornò all’Eterno e disse: "Ahimè, questo popolo ha commesso un gran peccato, e s’è fatto un dio d’oro;

32 nondimeno, perdona ora il loro peccato! Se no, deh, cancellami dal tuo libro che hai scritto!"

33 E l’Eterno rispose a Mosè: "Colui che ha peccato contro di me, quello cancellerò dal mio libro!

34 Or va’, conduci il popolo dove t’ho detto. Ecco, il mio angelo andrà dinanzi a te; ma nel giorno che verrò a punire, io li punirò del loro peccato".

35 E l’Eterno percosse il popolo, perch’esso era l’autore del vitello che Aaronne avea fatto.

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#10407

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10407. 'And made out of it a calf of molded [metal]' means in keeping with the delight belonging to that nation's loves. This is clear from the meaning of 'a calf' as external or natural good, dealt with below; and from the meaning of 'molded [metal]' as worship fashioned in support of external kinds of love, dealt with immediately above in 10406. And since the Israelite nation is the subject in the present chapter and that nation's interest lay in external things and not in what was internal, and so was ruled by external kinds of love, the expression 'in keeping with the delight belonging to that nation's loves' is used. For 'the calf', being an idol, means that delight.

[2] The ancients among whom representative worship existed knew what the various kinds of living creatures were the signs of; for the living creatures each have their own spiritual meaning, and their spiritual meanings govern the manifestations of such creatures in heaven as well, consequently the mention of them in the Word, and also their use in burnt offerings and sacrifices. 'A calf' means the good of innocence and charity within the external or natural man, see 9391, 9990, 10132; but when no good of innocence and charity is present, as is the case with those whose interest lies in external things and not in what is internal, 'a calf' means natural delight on the level of the senses, which is a delight belonging to a person's own wishes, desires, self-love, and love of the world. This delight is the one that exists with those whose interest lies in external things and not in what is internal, and the one they worship; for what a person loves above all things, that he worships. They say, it is true, that they worship the God of all creation; but they say it with their lips and not their heart. People such as these are meant by those who worship the calf of molded [metal].

[3] The Egyptians were such more than all others. Because they possessed a greater knowledge of correspondences and representations than all other nations they made various idols for themselves, as is evident from the Egyptian idols that are still in existence. But their chief idol was the calf, by which they wished to signify their external good within worship. But when their knowledge of correspondences and representations, which was greater than that of other nations, was turned into magic, the calf took on a contrary meaning, namely that of the delight belonging to external kinds of love. And when the calf was placed in temples and worshipped as a god it meant that kind of delight expressed in worship.

[4] Because the Israelite nation brought that idolatrous practice with them out of Egypt, in their case the calf, when worshipped by them as a god, means the delight belonging to their particular loves expressed in worship. What kind of loves these were may be recognized from what has been shown in the places referred to above in 10396. For they were ruled, as they are at the present day, by self-love and love of the world more than all others. It is well known that at the present day they are ruled by a most earthly kind of love; for they love silver and gold not because of any use these can serve but for the sake of silver and gold themselves. This love is the most earthly of all, for it is foul avarice. With them self-love is not plainly visible but lies hidden in their heart, as is normally so with all who are foully avaricious. It is well known too that no love of the neighbour exists with them; and to the extent that love of the neighbour is absent from someone, self-love resides in him.

[5] From all this it now becomes clear what the calf of molded [metal] made by Aaron for that nation means. The like is meant by it in the following places: In Jeremiah,

A very beautiful heifer was Egypt; destruction has come from the north. And her hired servants in the midst of her are like calves of the fattening stall 1 . Jeremiah 46:20-21.

In David,

They made a calf in Horeb and bowed down to the molded image; and they changed the glory into the effigy of the ox that eats the plant 2 . Psalms 106:19-20.

In Hosea,

They sin more and more, and make for themselves a molded image from their silver, idols by their own intelligence, completely the work of craftsmen, saying to them, Those who offer human sacrifice 3 kiss the calves. Hosea 13:2.

In Isaiah,

The unicorns will come down with them, and the calves with the powerful ones; and their land will become drunk with blood, and their dust will be made fat with fatness. Isaiah 34:7.

In the same prophet,

The fortified city will be solitary, a habitation forsaken and left [like a wilderness]; there the calf will feed, and there it will lie down and consume its branches. And its harvest will wither. Isaiah 27:10-11.

In David,

Rebuke the wild animal of the reeds, the congregation of the strong ones, among the calves of the peoples, trampling on the fragments of silver. They have scattered the peoples. Psalms 68:30.

In Jeremiah,

I will give the men who transgressed My covenant, who did not keep the terms of the covenant which they made before Me, that of the calf which they cut in two, in order that they might pass between its parts - the princes of Judah, and the princes of Jerusalem, the royal ministers and the priests, and all the people of the land who passed between the parts of the calf - I will give them into the hand of their enemies, that their dead bodies may be food for the birds of the air and the beasts of the earth. Jeremiah 34:18-20.

And in Hosea,

They have made a king, and not by Me; they have made princes, and I did not know. Their silver and their gold they have made into idols, that they may be cut off. Your calf has deserted [you], O Samaria. For from Israel is this also. A smith has made it, and it is not God; for the calf of Samaria will be broken to 4 pieces. Hosea 8:4-6.

For explanations of all these quotations, see 9391.

脚注:

1. i.e. mercenaries who are like fat bulls

2. i.e. grass or herbage

3. Reading Sacrificantes hominem (Those sacrificing a human being i.e. Those who offer human sacrifice) for Sacrificant hominem (They sacrifice a human being)

4. literally, will become or will be made into

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#8137

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8137. 'And I will be glorified' means that they were about to see a Divine feat, accomplished by the Lord's Divine Human, in the dispersion of falsity. This is clear from the meaning of 'being glorified', when it refers to Jehovah or the Lord, as a Divine feat, here a Divine feat accomplished by His Divine Human. For through His coming into the world, assuming the Human, and making it Divine the Lord cast into the hells all evils and falsities, restored the heavens to order, and also delivered from damnation those belonging to the spiritual Church, see 6854, 6914, 7091, 7828, 7932, 8018. These things are meant generally by 'being glorified'; but at this point the meaning is that those who molested the upright were to be cast into hell, where they would be engulfed by falsities as if by the waters of the sea. And this would take place as a Divine feat, accomplished simply by the Lord's presence.

[2] So that the nature of all this may become known, the matter will be explained further. The number of the hells is as great as that of the genera and species of evils. Every hell is separated from the next as if by mists, clouds, or waters. In the next life evils and falsities appear before the eyes of spirits as mists and clouds, and also as waters. The falsities arising from evils of those who belonged to the spiritual Church and led an evil life appear as waters, while the falsities arising from evils of those who belonged to the celestial Church appear as mists. The inhabitants of the hells appear engulfed by such waters or mists, though everywhere the amount and nature of them, the thickness and thinness, the murkiness and dimness varies as determined by each genus and species of falsity arising from evil. The hell inhabited by those who were governed by faith separated from charity and led a life of evil is engulfed as if by waters of the sea. The falsities arising from evil, it is true, do not appear as waters to its inhabitants, only to those looking on from outside. Above that sea they are engulfed in are the adulterers' hells. The reason why they are above it is that in the internal sense adulteries are adulterations of good and consequent perversions of truth, thus evils from which stem falsities opposed to the truths and forms of the good of faith, 2466, 2729, 3399. This kind of falsities exists with those in the hell below, who led a life contrary to the Church's truth and considered its good to be of no importance whatever. And because they considered it to be of no importance they also adulterated and perverted everything the Word states about good, that is, about charity towards the neighbour and love to God.

[3] As regards 'being glorified in Pharaoh and in his army', this implies here their submersion into that hell and their engulfment by waters like those of the sea, simply at the presence of the Lord, as has been stated above. The evil flee from the Lord's presence, that is, from the presence of the goodness and truth that spring from Him; for at their mere approach the evil feel terrified and tormented, and also as a result of the presence of that goodness and truth they are engulfed by their own evils and falsities, because these now burst out from them. They envelop the evil and are interposed to prevent the Divine from flowing into them, as a consequence of which they would suffer torment. This Divine feat is the meaning here of 'being glorified in Pharaoh and in his army'. The reason why the feat is accomplished by the Lord's Divine Human is, as stated above, that through His Coming into the world, assuming the Human and making it Divine the Lord cast all falsities and evils into hell, restored to order truths and forms of good in the heavens, and delivered from damnation those belonging to the spiritual Church.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.