圣经文本

 

Esodo第28章

学习

   

1 E tu fa’ accostare a te, di tra i figliuoli d’Israele, Aaronne tuo fratello e i suoi figliuoli con lui perché mi esercitino l’ufficio di sacerdoti: Aaronne, Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar e Ithamar, figliuoli d’Aaronne.

2 E farai ad Aaronne, tuo fratello, dei paramenti sacri, come insegne della loro dignità e come ornamento.

3 Parlerai a tutti gli uomini intelligenti, i quali io ho ripieni di spirito di sapienza, ed essi faranno i paramenti d’Aaronne per consacrarlo, onde mi eserciti l’ufficio di sacerdote.

4 E questi sono i paramenti che faranno: un pettorale, un efod, un manto, una tunica lavorata a maglia, una mitra e una cintura. Faranno dunque de’ paramenti sacri per Aaronne tuo fratello e per i suoi figliuoli, affinché mi esercitino l’ufficio di sacerdoti;

5 e si serviranno d’oro, di filo violaceo, porporino, scarlatto, e di lino fino.

6 Faranno l’efod d’oro, di filo violaceo, porporino, scarlatto, e di lino fino ritorto, lavorato artisticamente.

7 Esso avrà alle due estremità due spallette, che si uniranno, in guisa ch’esso si terra bene insieme.

8 E la cintura artistica che è sull’efod per fissarlo, sarà del medesimo lavoro dell’efod, e tutto d’un pezzo con esso; sarà d’oro, di filo color violaceo, porporino, scarlatto, e di lino fino ritorto.

9 E prenderai due pietre d’onice e v’inciderai su i nomi dei figliuoli d’Israele:

10 sei de’ loro nomi sopra una pietra, e gli altri sei nomi sopra la seconda pietra, secondo il loro ordine di nascita.

11 Inciderai su queste due pietre i nomi de’ figliuoli d’Israele come fa il lapidario, come s’incide un sigillo; le farai incastrare in castoni d’oro.

12 Metterai le due pietre sulle spallette dell’efod, come pietre di ricordanza per i figliuoli d’Israele; e Aaronne porterà i loro nomi davanti all’Eterno sulle sue due spalle, per ricordanza.

13 E farai de’ castoni d’oro,

14 e due catenelle d’oro puro che intreccerai a mo’ di cordone, e metterai ne’ castoni le catenelle così intrecciate.

15 Farai pure il pettorale del giudizio, artisticamente lavorato; lo farai come il lavoro dell’efod: d’oro, di filo violaceo, porporino, scarlatto, e di lino fino ritorto.

16 Sarà quadrato e doppio; avrà la lunghezza d’una spanna, e una spanna di larghezza.

17 E v’incastonerai un fornimento di pietre: quattro ordini di pietre; nel primo ordine sarà un sardonio, un topazio e uno smeraldo;

18 nel secondo ordine, un rubino, uno zaffiro, un calcedonio;

19 nel terzo ordine, un’opale, un’agata, un’ametista;

20 nel quarto ordine, un grisolito, un onice e un diaspro. Queste pietre saranno incastrate nei loro castoni d’oro.

21 E le pietre corrisponderanno ai nomi dei figliuoli d’Israele, e saranno dodici, secondo i loro nomi; saranno incise come de’ sigilli, ciascuna col nome d’una delle tribù d’Israele.

22 Farai pure sul pettorale delle catenelle d’oro puro, intrecciate a mo’ di cordoni.

23 Poi farai sul pettorale due anelli d’oro, e metterai i due anelli alle due estremità del pettorale.

24 Fisserai i due cordoni d’oro ai due anelli alle estremità del pettorale;

25 e attaccherai gli altri due capi dei due cordoni ai due castoni, e li metterai sulle due spallette dell’efod, sul davanti.

26 E farai due anelli d’oro, e li metterai alle altre due estremità del pettorale, sull’orlo interiore vòlto verso l’efod.

27 Farai due altri anelli d’oro, e li metterai alle due spallette dell’efod, in basso, sul davanti, vicino al punto dove avviene la giuntura, al disopra della cintura artistica dell’efod.

28 E si fisserà il pettorale mediante i suoi anelli agli anelli dell’efod con un cordone violaceo, affinché il pettorale sia al di sopra della cintura artistica dell’efod, e non si possa staccare dall’efod.

29 Così Aaronne porterà i nomi de’ figliuoli d’Israele incisi nel pettorale del giudizio, sul suo cuore, quando entrerà nel santuario, per conservarne del continuo la ricordanza dinanzi all’Eterno.

30 Metterai sul pettorale del giudizio l’Urim e il Thummim; e staranno sul cuore d’Aaronne quand’egli si presenterà davanti all’Eterno. Così Aaronne porterà il giudizio de’ figliuoli d’Israele sul suo cuore, davanti all’Eterno, del continuo.

31 Farai anche il manto dell’efod, tutto di color violaceo.

32 Esso avrà, in mezzo, un’apertura per passarvi il capo; e l’apertura avrà all’intorno un’orlatura tessuta, come l’apertura d’una corazza, perché non si strappi.

33 All’orlo inferiore del manto, tutt’all’intorno, farai delle melagrane di color violaceo, porporino e scarlatto; e in mezzo ad esse, d’ogn’intorno, porrai de’ sonagli d’oro:

34 un sonaglio d’oro e una melagrana, un sonaglio d’oro e una melagrana, sull’orlatura del manto, tutt’all’intorno.

35 Aaronne se lo metterà per fare il servizio; quand’egli entrerà nel luogo santo dinanzi all’Eterno e quando ne uscirà, s’udrà il suono, ed egli non morrà.

36 Farai anche una lamina d’oro puro, e sovr’essa inciderai, come s’incide sopra un sigillo: SANTO ALL’ETERNO.

37 La fisserai ad un nastro violaceo sulla mitra, e starà sul davanti della mitra.

38 Starà sulla fronte d’Aaronne, e Aaronne porterà le iniquità commesse dai figliuoli d’Israele nelle cose sante che consacreranno, in ogni genere di sante offerte; ed essa starà continuamente sulla fronte di lui, per renderli graditi nel cospetto dell’Eterno.

39 Farai pure la tunica di lino fino, lavorata a maglia; farai una mitra di lino fino, e farai una cintura in lavoro di ricamo.

40 E per i figliuoli d’Aaronne farai delle tuniche, farai delle cinture, e farai delle tiare, come insegne della loro dignità e come ornamento.

41 E ne vestirai Aaronne, tuo fratello, e i suoi figliuoli con lui; e li ungerai, li consacrerai e li santificherai perché mi esercitino l’ufficio di sacerdoti.

42 Farai anche loro delle brache di lino per coprire la loro nudità; esse andranno dai fianchi fino alle cosce.

43 Aaronne e i suoi figliuoli le porteranno quando entreranno nella tenda di convegno, o quando s’accosteranno all’altare per fare il servizio nel luogo santo, affinché non si rendano colpevoli e non muoiano. Questa è una regola perpetua per lui e per la sua progenie dopo di lui.

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#9863

学习本章节

  
/10837  
  

9863. 'And you shall adorn it with settings of stones' means the actual truths in their proper order, all springing from the one same good. This is clear from the meaning of the breastplate, to which 'it' refers here, as Divine Truth shining forth from the Lord's Divine Good, dealt with in 9823; from the meaning of 'settings of stones' as truths in their proper order. For the breastplate was adorned with stones in accord with the names of the sons of Israel, and in a general sense truths on the lowest level of order are meant by 'stones', 114, 643, 1298, 3720, 6426, 8609, and truths shining forth from good by 'precious stones' such as those in the breastplate, 9476. The expression 'springing from the one same good' is used because there is just one good that all the truths spring from. This good is the good of love within the Lord, thus is the Lord Himself, and is consequently the good of love from the Lord, which is the good of love to the Lord. For the good which flows in from the Lord and resides with man, spirit, or angel, has all the appearance of being theirs; and so it is that love to the Lord is love received from the Lord. This good is the one and only good from which all the truths spring, and from which the order among them begins; for the truths are outward forms of the good.

[2] The fact that the precious stones in the breastplate meant Divine Truths springing from Divine Good is clear from places in the Word where precious stones are mentioned, such as in John's Revelation,

The foundations of the wall of the city, the new Jerusalem, were adorned with every kind of precious stone. The first foundation was jasper, the second sapphire, the third chalcedony, the fourth emerald, the fifth sardonyx, the sixth sardius, the seventh chrysolite, the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase, the eleventh jacinth, the twelfth amethyst. Revelation 21:19-20.

These precious stones mean the Church's truths, which are God's truths. This is clear from the meaning of 'the city, the new Jerusalem', 'the wall of it', and 'the foundations of the wall'. 'The new Jerusalem' means a new Church which will take the place of the one that is ours at the present day; for the Book of Revelation deals with the state of the Church that exists now, through to its end, and then with a new Church, which is the holy Jerusalem coming down out of heaven. 'The wall of it' means the truths of faith that serve to defend it, and 'the foundations' truths that spring from good. Those actual truths in their proper order are specified by the precious stones mentioned by name there. Anyone may see that no Jerusalem is going to come down out of heaven or that anything else mentioned there is literally going to take place, but that this description in every detail means such things as have to do with the Church. The fact that the truths of faith are meant by the foundations of its wall is clear from the consideration that they are the things which guard the Church from every attack, as walls do a city.

'Jerusalem' is the Church, see 2117, 9166.

'Walls' are the truths of faith guarding the Church, 6419.

'Foundations' are truths springing from good, 9643.

[3] In Ezekiel,

Son of man, take up a lamentation over the king of Tyre, and say to him, Thus said the Lord Jehovih, Full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty, you were in Eden, the garden of God. Every precious stone was your covering - ruby, topaz, and diamond; tarshish, shoham, and jasper; sapphire, chrysoprase, and carbuncle - and gold. You were on the mountain of the holiness of God, you walked in the midst of stones of fire. Ezekiel 28:12-14.

Here also precious stones mean truths springing from good. For 'Tyre' in the representative internal sense is one who has intelligence and wisdom arising from cognitions or knowledge of goodness and truth, 1201. This is why its king is said to be 'full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty'. 'Wisdom' has regard to good, and 'beauty' to truth; for all wisdom in heaven is derived from good, and all beauty there is derived from truths springing from good. 'The garden of Eden' means intelligence composed of good, 100, 'garden' meaning real intelligence, 100, 108, 2702. From this it is evident that the stones there mentioned by name mean truths springing from good.

[4] But precisely which truths springing from good are meant by each of the stones in the breastplate will be clear from what is to follow. The fact that they mean all truths and forms of good in their entirety is clear from the following considerations: They were twelve and had the names of the sons of Israel or the tribes inscribed on them, the forms of good and the truths of heaven and the Church in their entirety being meant by the twelve tribes, 3858, 3926, 3939, 4060, 6335, 6337, 6397; they therefore meant heaven and all the communities there, 7836, 7891, 7996, 7997; the meaning of them varied, depending on the order in which they are mentioned in the Word, 3862, 3926, 3939, 4303, 6337, 6640; and 'twelve' means all, 3272, 3858, 7973.

  
/10837  
  

Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#2177

学习本章节

  
/10837  
  

2177. That 'meal of fine flour' means the spiritual and celestial ingredients [of the rational] which were present at that time with the Lord, and 'cakes' the same when both had been joined together, is quite clear from the sacrifices of the representative Church and from the minchah presented at the same time, which consisted of fine flour mixed with oil and made into cakes. Representative worship consisted primarily in burnt offerings and sacrifices. What these represented has been stated above where 'bread' was the subject, in 2165, namely the celestial things of the Lord's kingdom in heaven and of the Lord's kingdom on earth, which is the Church, and also the things of the Lord's kingdom or Church as it exists with every individual, and in general everything that is in essence love and charity, since these are celestial entities. In those times all the sacrifices were called 'bread'. Along with those sacrifices a minchah was included - which, as has been stated, consisted of fine flour mixed with oil to which also incense was added - and also a wine-offering.

[2] What these latter represented becomes clear too, namely things similar to those represented by sacrifices but of a lower order, thus the things which belong to the spiritual Church, and also those which belong to the external Church. It may become clear to anyone that such things would never have been prescribed unless they had represented Divine things, and also that each one represented some specific thing. For unless they had represented Divine things they would have been no different from similar things found among gentiles, among whom also there were sacrifices, minchahs, libations, and incense, as well as perpetual fires and many other things which had come down to them from the Ancient Church, especially from the Hebrew Church. But because they were separated from the internal, that is, the Divine things represented by them, those external forms of worship were nothing but idolatrous, as they also came to be among the Jews, who likewise sank into all kinds of idolatry. From this it may become clear to anyone that heavenly arcana were present within every form of ritual, especially so within the sacrifices and every detail of them.

[3] As regards the minchah, the nature of it and how it was to be made into cakes is described in a whole chapter in Moses - in Leviticus 2; also Numbers 15, and elsewhere. The law regarding the minchah is described in Leviticus in the following words,

Fire shall be kept burning unceasingly on the altar; it shall not be put out. And this is the law of the minchah: Aaron's sons shall bring it before Jehovah to the front of the altar, and he shall take up from it a fistful of fine flour of the minchah and of the oil of it and all the frankincense which is on the minchah, and he shall burn it on the altar; it is an odour of rest for a memorial to Jehovah. And the rest of it Aaron and his sons shall eat. Unleavened bread shall be eaten in a holy place. In the court of the tent of meeting shall they eat it. It shall not be cooked leavened; I have given it as their portion from My fire-offerings; it is most holy. Leviticus 6:13-17.

[4] The fire which was to be kept burning unceasingly on the altar represented the Lord's love, that is, His mercy, which is constant and eternal. 'Fire' in the Word means love, see 934, and therefore 'the fire-offerings made for an odour of rest' means the good pleasure which the Lord takes in those things that belong to love and charity. That 'odour' means good pleasure, that is, that which is pleasing, see 925, 1519. Their 'taking a fistful' represented their being required to love with all their soul or strength, for 'the hand' or 'the palm' of the hand means power, as shown in 878, from which 'the fist' also means the same. 'The fine flour together with the oil and the frankincense' represented all things of charity - 'fine flour' the spiritual ingredient of it, 'oil' the celestial, and 'frankincense' that which was in this manner pleasing. That 'fine flour' represents the spiritual ingredient is evident from what has just been stated and from what is stated below. That 'oil' represents the celestial ingredient, or the good or charity, see 886, and that 'frankincense' on account of its odour represents that which is pleasing and acceptable, 925.

[5] Its being 'unleavened bread' or not fermented means that it was to be genuine, thus something offered from genuineness of heart and having no uncleanness. The eating of the rest by Aaron and his sons represented man's reciprocation and his making it his own, and thus represented conjunction by means of love and charity; and it is for this reason that they were commanded to eat it 'in a holy place'. Hence it is called something most holy. These were the things which were represented by the minchah. It was also the way in which the representatives themselves were perceived in heaven; and when the member of the Church understood them in the same way his ideas were like the perception which the angels possess, so that he was in the Lord's kingdom in heaven even though he was on earth.

[6] For more about the minchah - what it was to consist of in any particular kind of sacrifice; the way in which it was to be baked into cakes; what kind was to be offered by those who were being cleansed, and also what kinds on other occasions (all of which would take too long to introduce and explain here) - see what is said about it in Exodus 29:39-41; Leviticus 5:11-13; 6:16-17, 19-21; 10:12-13; 23:10-13, 6, 17; Numbers 5:15 and following verses; 6:15-17, 19-20; 7: in various places; 28:5, 8, 9, 12-13, 20-21, 28-29; 29:3-4, 9-10, 14-15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 37

[7] 'Fine flour made into cakes' had in general the same representation as bread, namely the celestial ingredient of love, while 'meals represented its spiritual ingredient, as becomes clear in the places indicated above. The loaves which were called 'the bread of the Presence' or 'the shewbread' consisted of fine flour, which was made into cakes and placed on the table to provide an unceasing representation of the Lord's love, that is, of His mercy, towards the whole human race, and man's reciprocation. These loaves are spoken of in Moses as follows,

You shall take fine pour and bake it into twelve cakes; two-tenths [of an ephah] shall there be in one cake And you shall place them in two rows, six in a row, on the clean table before Jehovah. And you shall put pure frankincense on each row, and it shall be bread serving as a memorial, a fire-offering to Jehovah. Every sabbath day [Aaron] shall set it out in order before Jehovah continually; it is from the children of Israel as an eternal covenant. And it shall be for Aaron and his sons, and they shall eat it in a holy place, for it is to him the most holy of fire-offerings to Jehovah, by an eternal statute. Leviticus 24:5-9.

Every item and smallest detail mentioned here represented the holiness of love and charity, 'fine flour' having the same representation as meal of fine flour, namely that which is celestial and that which is spiritual that goes with it, and 'cake' the two when joined together.

[8] From this it is clear what the holiness of the Word is to those who possess heavenly ideas, and indeed what holiness was present within this particular representative observance, on account of which it is called 'most holy'. It is also clear how devoid of holiness the Word is to those who imagine that it does not have anything heavenly within it and who keep solely to externals. Exemplifying the latter are those who in the present verse under consideration perceive 'the meal' to be merely meal, 'the fine flour' merely fine flour, and 'the cake' merely a cake, and who imagine that these things have been stated without each one that is mentioned embodying something of the Divine within it. Their attitude is similar to that of those who imagine that the bread and wine of the Holy Supper are no more than a certain religious observance that does not have anything holy within it. Yet in fact it possesses such holiness that the minds of men are linked by means of it to the minds of those in heaven, when from an internal affection they think that the bread and wine mean the Lord's love and man's reciprocation, and by virtue of that interior thought and affection they abide in holiness.

[9] Much the same was implied by the requirement that when the children of Israel entered the land they were to present as a heave-offering to Jehovah a cake made from the first of their dough, Numbers 15:20. The fact that such things are meant is also evident in the Prophets, from' among whom for the moment let this one place in Ezekiel be introduced here,

You were adorned with gold and silver, and your raiment was of fine linen and silk and embroidered cloth. You ate fine flour, honey, and oil. You became exceedingly beautiful, and attained to a kingdom. Ezekiel 16:13.

This refers to Jerusalem, by which is meant the Church, which Church in its earliest days bore an appearance such as this, that is to say, the Ancient Church, which is described by means of raiment and many other adornments. Its affections for truth and good are also described by 'the fine flour, honey, and oil'. It may become clear to anyone that all these details mean in the internal sense something altogether different from what they do in the sense of the letter. And the same applies to Abraham's saying to Sarah, 'Take quickly three measures of meal of fine flour, knead it, and make cakes'. That 'three' means things that are holy has been shown already in 720, 901.

  
/10837  
  

Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.