新基督教圣经研究

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Εξοδος πλήθους第21章

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1 Αυται δε ειναι αι κρισεις, τας οποιας θελεις εκθεσει εμπροσθεν αυτων.

2 Εαν αγορασης δουλον Εβραιον, εξ ετη θελει δουλευσει· εν δε τω εβδομω θελει εξελθει ελευθερος, δωρεαν.

3 Εαν εισηλθε μονος, μονος θελει εξελθει· εαν ειχε γυναικα, τοτε η γυνη αυτου θελει εξελθει μετ' αυτου.

4 Εαν ο κυριος αυτου εδωκεν εις αυτον γυναικα, και εγεννησεν εις αυτον υιους η θυγατερας, η γυνη και τα τεκνα αυτης θελουσιν εισθαι του κυριου αυτης, αυτος δε θελει εξελθει μονος.

5 Αλλ' εαν ο δουλος ειπη φανερα, Αγαπω τον κυριον μου, την γυναικα μου και τα τεκνα μου, δεν θελω εξελθει ελευθερος·

6 τοτε ο κυριος αυτου θελει φερει αυτον προς τους κριτας· και θελει φερει αυτον εις την θυραν η εις τον παραστατην της θυρας, και ο κυριος αυτου θελει τρυπησει το ωτιον αυτου με τρυπητηριον· και θελει δουλευει αυτον διαπαντος.

7 Και εαν τις πωληση την θυγατερα αυτου δια δουλην, δεν θελει εξελθει καθως εξερχονται οι δουλοι.

8 Εαν δεν αρεση εις τον κυριον αυτης, οστις ηρραβωνισθη αυτην εις εαυτον, τοτε θελει απολυτρωσει αυτην· εις ξενον εθνος δεν θελει εχει εξουσιαν να πωληση αυτην, επειδη εφερθη προς αυτην απιστως.

9 Αν ομως ηρραβωνισεν αυτην με τον υιον αυτου, θελει καμει προς αυτην κατα το δικαιωμα των θυγατερων.

10 Εαν λαβη εις εαυτον αλλην, δεν θελει στερησει την τροφην αυτης, τα ενδυματα αυτης, και το προς αυτην χρεος του γαμου.

11 Εαν ομως δεν καμνη εις αυτην τα τρια ταυτα, τοτε θελει εξελθει δωρεαν ανευ αργυριου.

12 Οστις παταξη ανθρωπον, και αποθανη, θελει εξαπαντος θανατωθη·

13 εαν ομως δεν παρεμονευσεν, αλλ' ο Θεος παρεδωκεν αυτον εις την χειρα αυτου, τοτε εγω θελω σοι διορισει τοπον, οπου θελει καταφυγει·

14 εαν δε τις εγερθη κατα του πλησιον αυτου δια να δολοφονηση αυτον, απο του θυσιαστηριου μου θελεις αποσπασει αυτον δια να θανατωθη.

15 Και οστις παταξη τον πατερα αυτου η την μητερα αυτου, θελει εξαπαντος θανατωθη.

16 Και οστις κλεψη ανθρωπον και πωληση αυτον, η εαν ευρεθη εις τας χειρας αυτου, θελει εξαπαντος θανατωθη.

17 Και οστις κακολογη τον πατερα αυτου η την μητερα αυτου, θελει εξαπαντος θανατωθη.

18 Και εαν ανθρωποι λογομαχωσι μετ' αλληλων και ο εις παταξη τον αλλον με λιθον η με γρονθον, και δεν αποθανη αλλα γεινη κλινηρης,

19 εαν σηκωθη και περιπατηση εξω με την βακτηριαν αυτου, τοτε θελει εισθαι ελευθερος ο παταξας· μονον θελει αποζημιωσει αυτον δια την αργιαν αυτου και θελει επιμεληθη την τελειαν θεραπειαν αυτου.

20 Και εαν τις παταξη τον δουλον αυτου η την δουλην αυτου με ραβδον, και αποθανη υπο τας χειρας αυτου, θελει εξαπαντος τιμωρηθη.

21 Αν ομως ζηση μιαν ημεραν η δυο, δεν θελει τιμωρηθη· διοτι ειναι αργυριον αυτου.

22 Εαν μαχωνται ανδρες και παταξωσι γυναικα εγκυον και εξελθη το παιδιον αυτης, δεν συμβη ομως συμφορα· θελει εξαπαντος καμει αποζημιωσιν ο παταξας, οποιαν ο ανηρ της γυναικος επιβαλη εις αυτον· και θελει πληρωσει κατα την αποφασιν των κριτων.

23 Αν ομως συμβη συμφορα, τοτε θελεις δωσει ζωην αντι ζωης,

24 οφθαλμον αντι οφθαλμου, οδοντα αντι οδοντος, χειρα αντι χειρος, ποδα αντι ποδος,

25 καυσιμον αντι καυσιματος, πληγην αντι πληγης, κτυπημα αντι κτυπηματος.

26 Εαν τις παταξη τον οφθαλμον του δουλου αυτου η τον οφθαλμον της δουλης αυτου και τυφλωση αυτον, θελει αφησει αυτον ελευθερον εξ αιτιας του οφθαλμου αυτου.

27 Και εαν εκβαλη τον οδοντα του δουλον αυτου η τον οδοντα της δουλης αυτου, θελει αφησει αυτον ελευθερον εξ αιτιας του οδοντος αυτου.

28 Εαν βους κερατιση ανδρα η γυναικα, και αποθανη, τοτε ο βους θελει λιθοβοληθη με λιθους και δεν θελει τρωγεσθαι το κρεας αυτου· ο κυριος δε του βοος θελει εισθαι αθωος.

29 Εαν ομως ο βους ητο κερατιστης απο προτερον, και εγεινε διαμαρτυρια εις τον κυριον αυτου και δεν εφυλαξεν αυτον, εαν θανατωση ανδρα η γυναικα, ο βους θελει λιθοβοληθη και ακομη ο κυριος αυτου θελει θανατωθη.

30 Εαν επιβληθη εις αυτον τιμη εξαγορασεως, θελει δωσει δια την εξαγορασιν της ζωης αυτου οσα ηθελον επιβληθη εις αυτον.

31 Ειτε υιον κερατιση, ειτε θυγατερα κερατιση, κατα την κρισιν ταυτην θελει γεινει εις αυτον.

32 Εαν ο βους κερατιση δουλον η δουλην, θελει δωσει εις τον κυριον αυτων τριακοντα σικλους αργυριου· ο δε βους θελει λιθοβοληθη.

33 Και εαν τις ανοιξη λακκον η εαν τις σκαψη λακκον και δεν σκεπαση αυτον, και πεση εις αυτον βους η ονος,

34 ο κυριος του λακκου θελει καμει αποζημιωσιν, αργυριον θελει αποδωσει εις τον κυριον αυτων· το δε θανατωθεν θελει εισθαι αυτου.

35 Και εαν ο βους τινος κερατιση τον βουν του πλησιον αυτου και θανατωθη, τοτε θελουσι πωλησει τον ζωντα βουν, και θελουσι μοιρασθη το αργυριον αυτου και τον θανατωθεντα ομοιως θελουσι μοιρασθη.

36 Εαν ομως ηναι γνωστον οτι ο βους ητο κερατιστης απο προτερον, και ο κυριος αυτου δεν εφυλαξεν αυτον, θελει εξαπαντος πληρωσει βουν αντι βοος· ο δε θανατωθεις θελει εισθαι αυτου.

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#643

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643. As for the meaning itself of these expressions - that 'planks of gopher' means lusts and 'rooms' the two parts of this man - this becomes clear from the Word. Gopher is a wood full of sulphur, as is the fir and others of that group. It is on account of the sulphur in it that it is said to mean lusts, for it catches fire easily. The most ancient people compared and likened those elements that exist with man to gold, silver, bronze, iron, stone, and wood, his inmost celestial to gold, the lower celestial to bronze, and the lowest or bodily descending from this to wood, while the inmost spiritual they compared and likened to silver, the lower spiritual to iron, and the lowest degree of it to stone. When those objects are mentioned in the Word these are the things meant by them in the internal sense, as in Isaiah,

Instead of bronze I will bring gold, and instead of iron I will bring silver, and instead of wood, bronze, and instead of stones, iron. And I will make peace your assessment and righteousness your tax-collectors. Isaiah 60:17.

This refers to the Lord's kingdom in which no such metals exist, but instead celestial and spiritual elements. It is quite clear that the latter are meant because of the reference to peace' and 'righteousness'. Here, gold, bronze, and wood correspond to one another and mean celestial elements or those belonging to the will, as has been stated. Silver, iron, and stone also correspond to one another, and mean spiritual elements or those belonging to the understanding.

[2] In Ezekiel,

They will spoil your riches, they will despoil your merchandise, your stones and your timbers. Ezekiel 26:12.

It is quite clear that 'riches' and 'merchandise' do not mean material riches and merchandise, but celestial and spiritual ones. So also 'stones' and 'timbers' - 'stones' being things of the understanding and 'timbers' those of the will. In Habakkuk,

The stone cries out from the wall, and the beam out of the woodwork answers back. Habakkuk 2:11.

'Stone' stands for the lowest degree of the understanding, and 'wood' for the lowest degree of the will, which answers back when anything is drawn from sensory knowledge. In the same prophet,

Woe to him who says to a piece of wood, Awake! or to a dumb stone, Arise, this will teach! Behold, this is bound in gold and silver, and there is no spirit 1 at all in the midst of it. But Jehovah is in His holy temple. Habakkuk 2:19-20.

Here also 'wood' stands for evil desire, 'stone' for the lowest degree of the understanding, and therefore 'being dumb' and 'teaching' are used in reference to that stone. 'No spirit in the midst of it' means that it represents nothing celestial or spiritual, like a temple in which there is stone and wood, overlaid with gold and silver, existing with people who give no thought to what those things represent.

[3] In Jeremiah,

Our waters we drink for silver, our timbers come for a price. Lamentations 5:4.

Here 'waters' and 'silver' mean things of the understanding, 'timbers' those of the will. In the same prophet,

Who say to wood, You are my father; and to a stone, You gave birth to us. Jeremiah 2:27.

Here 'wood' stands for desire which belongs to the will, from which there is conception, and 'stone' for sensory knowledge, from which there is birth. All through the Prophets therefore 'serving wood and stone' stands for images carved out of wood or stone, which means that people were slaves to evil desires and to delusions. The Prophets also speak of 'committing adultery with wood and stone', as in Jeremiah 3:9. In Hosea,

The people inquire of their piece of wood, and their staff makes declaration to them, for the spirit of whoredom has led them astray. Hosea 4:12.

This stands for their inquiring of a wooden image, or evil desires. In Isaiah,

The tophet has been prepared since yesterday. Its pyre is fire and much wood; the breath of Jehovah is like a stream of burning brimstone. Isaiah 30:33.

Here 'fire', brimstone', and 'wood' stand for filthy desires.

[4] In general 'wood' means those elements which constitute the lowest parts of the will. Precious kinds of wood, such as cedar and so on, mean elements that are good - for example, the cedar timbers in the Temple, or the cedarwood used in cleansing leprosy, Leviticus 14:4, 6-7, or the wood cast into the bitter waters at Marah, by which the waters were made sweet, Exodus 15:25. These in the Lord's Divine mercy will be dealt with in their proper places. Non-precious kinds of wood however, also those which were made into images, and those that were used for a pyre as well, and the like, mean evil desires, as do planks of gopher here on account of the brimstone or sulphur in them. As in Isaiah,

The day of Jehovah's vengeance - her streams will be turned into pitch, and her dust into brimstone, and her land will become burning pitch. Isaiah 34:8-9.

'Pitch' stands for dreadful delusions, 'brimstone' for filthy desires.

脚注:

1. or breath

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

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