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3 Mose第5章

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1 Wenn eine SeeLE sündigen würde, daß er einen Fluch höret, und er des Zeuge ist, oder gesehen oder erfahren hat und nicht angesagt, der ist einer Missetat schuldig.

2 Oder wenn eine SeeLE etwas Unreines anrühret, es sei ein Aas eines unreinen Tieres oder Viehes oder Gewürmes, und wüßte es nicht, der ist unrein und hat sich verschuldet.

3 Oder wenn er einen unreinen Menschen anrühret, in waserlei Unreinigkeit der Mensch unrein werden kann, und wüßte es nicht, und wird's inne, der hat sich verschuldet.

4 Oder wenn eine SeeLE schwöret, daß ihm aus dem Munde entfähret, Schaden oder Gutes zu tun (wie denn einem Menschen ein Schwur entfahren mag, ehe er's bedacht), und wird's inne, der hat sich an der einem verschuldet.

5 Wenn es nun geschiehet, daß er sich der eines verschuldet und erkennet sich, daß er daran gesündigt hat,

6 so soll er für seine Schuld dieser seiner Sünde, die er getan hat, dem HERRN bringen von der Herde eine Schaf oder Ziegenmutter zum Sündopfer; so soll ihm der Priester seine Sünde versöhnen.

7 Vermag er aber nicht ein Schaf, so bringe er dem HERRN für seine Schuld, die er getan hat, zwo Turteltauben oder zwo junge Tauben, die erste zum Sündopfer, die andere zum Brandopfer.

8 Und bringe sie dem Priester. Der soll die erste zum Sündopfer machen und ihr den Kopf abkneipen hinter dem Genick, und nicht abbrechen.

9 Und sprenge mit dem Blut des Sündopfers an die Seite des Altars und lasse das übrige Blut ausbluten an des Altars Boden. Das ist das Sündopfer.

10 Die andere aber soll er zum Brandopfer machen nach seinem Recht. Und soll also der Priester ihm seine Sünde versöhnen, die er getan hat; so wird's ihm vergeben.

11 Vermag er aber nicht zwo Turteltauben oder zwo junge Tauben, so bringe er für seine Sünde sein Opfer, einen zehnten Teil Epha Semmelmehl zum Sündopfer. Er soll aber kein Öl drauf legen noch Weihrauch drauf tun: denn es ist ein Sündopfer.

12 Und soll's zum Priester bringen. Der Priester aber soll eine Handvoll davon nehmen zum Gedächtnis und anzünden auf dem Altar zum Feuer dem HERRN. Das ist ein Sündopfer.

13 Und der Priester soll also seine Sünde, die er getan hat, ihm versöhnen, so wird's ihm vergeben. Und soll des Priesters sein, wie ein Speisopfer.

14 Und der HERR redete mit Mose und sprach:

15 Wenn sich eine SeeLE vergreift, daß sie es versiehet, und sich versündiget an dem, das dem HERRN geweihet ist, soll sie ihr Schuldopfer dem HERRN bringen, einen Widder ohne Wandel von der Herde, der zween Sekel Silbers wert sei nach dem Sekel des Heiligtums, zum Schuldopfer.

16 Dazu, was er gesündiget hat an dem Geweiheten, soll er wiedergeben und das fünfte Teil darüber geben, und soll's dem Priester geben; der soll ihn versöhnen mit dem Widder des Schuldopfers, so wird's ihm vergeben.

17 Wenn eine SeeLE sündiget und tut wider irgend ein Gebot des HERRN, das sie nicht tun sollte, und hat es nicht gewußt, die hat sich verschuldet und ist einer Missetat schuldig.

18 Und soll bringen einen Widder von der Herde ohne Wandel, der eines Schuldopfers wert ist, zum Priester; der soll ihm seine Unwissenheit versöhnen, die er getan hat und wußte es nicht; so wird's ihm vergeben.

19 Das ist das Schuldopfer, das er dem HERRN verfallen ist.

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#9965

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9965. 'That they may not bear iniquity and die' means the elimination of the whole of worship. This is clear from the meaning of 'bearing the iniquity', when the subject is the priestly office of Aaron and his sons, as a removal or shifting away of falsities and evils with those who are governed by good derived from the Lord, dealt with above in 9937. But when it speaks of them 'bearing iniquity and dying' the elimination of the whole of worship is meant, see 9928; for the representative worship died because nothing of it appeared any longer in heaven. The situation in all this may become clear from what has been stated and shown above in 9959-9961. They also died when they did not act in accordance with the statutes, 1 as is evident from Aaron's sons Nadab and Abihu, who were devoured by fire from heaven when they did not take the fire of the altar to burn incense but foreign 2 fire, Leviticus 10:1-2ff. 'The fire of the altar' represented God's love, thus love from the Lord, whereas 'foreign fire' represented love from hell. The elimination of worship was meant by their burning incense with this fire and their consequent death. For the meaning of 'fire' as love, see 5215, 6832, 7324, 7575, 7852.

[2] Many places in the Word state that they would bear iniquity when they did not do things in accordance with the statutes, and by this was meant damnation because sins had not been removed. Not that they themselves were condemned on account of disobeying the statutes. Rather by doing so they eliminated representative worship and in so doing represented the damnation of those who remain in their sins. For none are condemned because they fail in their performance of outward religious observances, only because of evils in the heart, thus because of failing in such observances as a result of evil in the heart. This is what 'bearing iniquity' means in the following places: In Moses,

If a soul sins and acts against any of Jehovah's commandments regarding what ought not to be done, 3 though he does not know it, yet he will be guilty and will bear his iniquity. Leviticus 5:17-18.

Here the retention of evils and consequent damnation should not be understood literally by 'bearing iniquity', although that is the spiritual meaning; for it says 'though he does not know it', implying that what the person has done does not spring from evil in the heart.

[3] In the same author,

If any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offering is eaten at all on the third day, the one offering it will not be accepted. It is an abomination, and the soul that eats it will bear his iniquity, and will be cut off from his people. Leviticus 7:18; 19:7-8.

Here also 'bearing iniquity' means remaining in his sins and being as a result in a state of damnation. It does so not because the person ate some of his sacrifice on the third day, but because 'eating it on the third day' represented something abominable, namely an action leading to damnation. Thus 'bearing iniquity and being cut off from his people' represented the damnation of those who performed the abomination meant by that deed. Nevertheless there was no condemnation on account of his having eaten it, for interior evils that were represented are what condemn, not exterior actions in which those evils are not present.

[4] In the same author,

Every soul who eats a carcass 4 or that which has been torn, and does not wash his clothes and bathe his flesh shall bear his iniquity. Leviticus 17:15-16.

Since 'eating a carcass or that which has been torn' represented making evil or falsity one's own, the expression 'bearing iniquity' also has a representative meaning. In the same author,

If a man who is clean fails to keep the Passover, this soul shall be cut off from his people, because he did not bring the offering of Jehovah at its appointed time; he shall bear his sin. Numbers 9:13.

'The Passover' represented deliverance by the Lord from damnation, 7093 (end), 7867, 7995, 9286-9292; and 'the Passover supper' represented being joined to the Lord through the good of love, 7836, 7997, 8001. And since these things were represented it was decreed that anyone who did not keep the Passover should be cut off from his people and that he should bear his sin. The failure to keep it was not really so great a crime; rather it represented those who at heart refuse to accept the Lord and consequently deliverance from sins, and so who have no wish to be joined to Him through love. Thus it represented their damnation.

[5] In the same author,

The children of Israel shall not come near the tent of meeting, or else they will bear iniquity and die. 5 Levites shall perform the work of the tent of meeting, and these shall bear the iniquity. Numbers 18:22-23.

The reason why the people would bear iniquity and die if they were to go near the tent of meeting to do the work there was that they would thereby eliminate the representative worship assigned to the function of the priests. The function of the priests or the priestly office represented the Lord's entire work of salvation, 9809; and this is why it says that the Levites, who also were priests, should bear the people's iniquity, by which expiation or atonement was meant, that is, removal from evils and falsities with those who are governed by good derived from the Lord alone, 9937. 'Bearing iniquity' means real damnation when this expression is used in reference to those who perform evil deeds because their heart is evil, such as those mentioned in Leviticus 20:17, 19-20; 24:15-16; Ezekiel 18:20; 23:49; and elsewhere.

脚注:

1. i.e. the laws of worship; see 8972.

2. i.e. unauthorized or profane

3. literally, and does one of [all] Jehovah's commandments [about] things which ought not to be done

4. i.e. an animal that had not been slaughtered but had died naturally

5. literally, to bear iniquity, dying

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.