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2 Mose第5章

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1 Danach gingen Mose und Aaron hinein und sprachen zu Pharao: So sagt der HERR, der Gott Israels: Laß mein Volk ziehen, daß mir's ein Fest halte in der Wüste.

2 Pharao antwortete: Wer ist der HERR, des Stimme ich hören müsse und Israel ziehen lassen? Ich weiß nicht von dem HERRN, will auch Israel nicht lassen ziehen.

3 Sie sprachen: Der Ebräer Gott hat uns gerufen; so laß uns nun hinziehen drei Tagereisen in die Wüste und dem HERRN, unserm Gott, opfern, daß uns nicht widerfahre Pestilenz oder Schwert.

4 Da sprach der König in Ägypten zu ihnen: Du, Mose und Aaron, warum wollt ihr das Volk von seiner Arbeit frei machen? Gehet hin an eure Dienste!

5 Weiter sprach Pharao: Siehe, des Volks ist schon zu viel im Lande, und ihr wollt sie noch feiern heißen von ihrem Dienst.

6 Darum befahl Pharao desselben Tages den Vögten des Volks und ihren Amtleuten und sprach:

7 Ihr sollt dem Volk nicht mehr Stroh sammeln und geben, daß sie Ziegel brennen, wie bis anher; lasset sie selbst hingehen und Stroh zusammenlesen;

8 und die Zahl der Ziegel, die sie bisher gemacht haben, sollt ihr ihnen gleichwohl auflegen und nichts mindern; denn sie gehen müßig, darum schreien sie und sprechen: Wir wollen hinziehen und unserm Gott opfern.

9 Man drücke die Leute mit Arbeit, daß sie zu schaffen haben und sich nicht kehren an falsche Rede!

10 Da gingen die Vögte des Volks und ihre Amtleute aus und sprachen zum Volk: So spricht Pharao: Man wird euch kein Stroh geben.

11 Gehet ihr selbst hin und sammelt euch Stroh, wo ihr's findet; aber von eurer Arbeit soll nichts gemindert werden.

12 Da zerstreute sich das Volk ins ganze Land Ägypten, daß es Stoppeln sammelte, damit sie Stroh hätten.

13 Und die Vögte trieben sie und sprachen: Erfüllet euer Tagwerk, gleich als da ihr Stroh hattet!

14 Und die Amtleute der Kinder Israel, welche die Vögte Pharaos über sie gesetzet hatten, wurden geschlagen, und ward zu ihnen gesagt: Warum habt ihr weder heute noch gestern euer gesetzt Tagwerk getan, wie vorhin?

15 Da gingen hinein die Amtleute der Kinder Israel und schrieen zu Pharao: Warum willst du mit deinen Knechten also fahren?

16 Man gibt deinen Knechten kein Stroh, und sollen die Ziegel machen, die uns bestimmt sind; und siehe, deine Knechte werden geschlagen, und dein Volk muß Sünder sein.

17 Pharao sprach: Ihr seid müßig, müßig seid ihr; darum sprechet ihr: Wir wollen hinziehen und dem HERRN opfern.

18 So gehet nun hin und frönet! Stroh soll man euch nicht geben, aber die Anzahl der Ziegel sollt ihr reichen.

19 Da sahen die Amtleute der Kinder Israel, daß es ärger ward, weil man sagte: Ihr sollt nichts mindern von dem Tagwerk an den Ziegeln.

20 Und da sie von Pharao gingen, begegneten sie Mose und Aaron und traten gegen sie

21 und sprachen zu ihnen: Der HERR sehe auf euch und richte es, daß ihr unsern Geruch habt stinken gemacht vor Pharao und seinen Knechten und habt ihnen das Schwert in ihre Hände gegeben, uns zu töten.

22 Mose aber kam wieder zu dem HERRN und sprach: HERR, warum tust du so übel an diesem Volk? Warum hast du mich hergesandt?

23 Denn seit dem, daß ich hinein bin gegangen zu Pharao, mit ihm zu reden in deinem Namen, hat er das Volk noch härter geplagt; und du hast dein Volk nicht errettet.

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#1343

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1343. That 'Eber' was a nation, the Hebrew nation, which took its name from 'Eber' as its forefather, and which means the worship in general of the second Ancient Church, is clear from the references to him in the historical sections of the Word. Because a new form of worship began with that nation, all those were called Hebrews whose worship was similar to it. Their worship was like that re-established at a later time among the descendants of Jacob, its chief features being that they called their God Jehovah and held sacrifices. The Most Ancient Church was of one mind in acknowledging the Lord and calling Him Jehovah, as is clear also from the early chapters of Genesis and elsewhere in the Word. The Ancient Church, that is, the Church after the Flood also acknowledged the Lord and called Him Jehovah, especially those who possessed internal worship and were called 'the sons of Shem'. The remainder whose worship was external also acknowledged Jehovah and worshipped Him. But when internal worship became external, and still more when it became idolatrous, and when each nation started to have its own god to worship, the Hebrew nation retained the name of Jehovah and called their own God Jehovah. In this they were different from all other nations.

[2] Along with external worship, Jacob's descendants in Egypt, including Moses himself, lost knowledge even of this fact, that their God was called Jehovah. Consequently they had first of all to be taught that Jehovah was the God of the Hebrews, and the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, as becomes clear from the following in Moses,

Jehovah said to Moses, You and the elders of Israel shall go in to the king of Egypt, and you shall say to him, Jehovah the God of the Hebrews has met with us; and now let us go, pray, a three days' journey into the wilderness, and let us sacrifice to Jehovah our God. Exodus 3:18.

In the same author,

Pharaoh said, Who is Jehovah that I should hearken to His voice to send Israel away? I do not know Jehovah, and moreover I will not send Israel away. And they said, The God of the Hebrews has met with us; let us go, pray, a three days' journey into the wilderness, and let us sacrifice to Jehovah our God. Exodus 5:2-3.

[3] The fact that Jacob's descendants lost in Egypt, along with the worship, even the name of Jehovah becomes clear from the following in Moses,

Moses said to God, Behold, when I come to the children of Israel and say to them, The God of your fathers has sent me to you, and they say to me, What is His name? What shall I tell them? And God said to Moses, I Am Who I Am. And He said, Thus shall you say to the children of Israel, I Am has sent me to you. And God said moreover to Moses, Thus shall you say to the children of Israel, Jehovah the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you; this is My name for ever. Exodus 3:13-15.

[4] From this it is evident that even Moses did not know it and that they were distinguished from everyone else by the name of Jehovah, the God of the Hebrews. Hence also Jehovah is elsewhere called the God of the Hebrews,

You shall say to Pharaoh, Jehovah the God of the Hebrews has sent me to you. Exodus 7:16.

Go in to Pharaoh and say to him, Thus said Jehovah the God of the Hebrews. Exodus 9:1, 13.

Moses and Aaron went in to Pharaoh and said to him, Thus said Jehovah the God of the Hebrews Exodus 10:3.

In Jonah,

I am a Hebrew, and I fear Jehovah, the God of heaven. Jonah 1:9.

And also in Samuel,

The Philistines heard the noise of the shouting and said, What does the noise of this great shouting in the camp of the Hebrews mean? And they learned that the Ark of Jehovah had come to the camp. The Philistines said, Woe to us! Who will deliver us from the hand of these mighty gods? These are the gods who smote the Egyptians with every sort of plague in the wilderness. Acquit yourselves like men, O Philistines, lest you be slaves to the Hebrews. 1 Samuel 4:6, 8-9.

Here also it is evident that nations were distinguished from one another by the gods whose names they called on, and that the Hebrew nation was distinguished by that of Jehovah.

[5] The fact that sacrifices were the second essential feature of the worship of the Hebrew nation is also evident from the words from Exodus 3:18; 5:2-3, quoted above, as well as from the fact that the Egyptians abhorred the Hebrew nation on account of this form of worship, as is clear from the following in Moses,

Moses said, It is not right to do so, for we would be sacrificing to Jehovah our God what is abhorrent to the Egyptians; behold, we would be sacrificing what is abhorrent to the Egyptians in their eyes; will they not stone us? Exodus 8:26.

Consequently the Egyptians also abhorred the Hebrew nation so much that they refused even 'to eat bread' with them, Genesis 43:32. From this it is also evident that not merely the descendants of Jacob constituted the Hebrew nation but everybody who possessed that kind of worship. This also was why in Joseph's day the land of Canaan was called the land of the Hebrews,

Joseph said. By theft I have been taken away out of the land of the Hebrews. Genesis 40:15.

[6] The fact that sacrifices took place among the idolaters in the land of Canaan becomes clear from many references, for they used to sacrifice to their gods - to the baals and to others What is more, Balaam, who came from Syria where Eber had lived, that is, where the Hebrew nation had originated, before Jacob's descendants entered the land of Canaan, not only offered sacrifices but also called his God Jehovah. As to the fact that Balaam came from Syria where the Hebrew nation had originated, see Numbers 23:7; that he offered sacrifices, Numbers 22:39-40; 23:1-3, 14, 29; that he called his God Jehovah, Numbers 22:18, and elsewhere in those chapters. And Genesis 8:20 speaks of Noah offering burnt offerings to Jehovah - though this is not true history but made-up history - for 'burnt offerings' means the holiness of worship, as may be seen in that story. These considerations now show what 'Eber' or 'the Hebrew nation' means.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.