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2 Mose第30章

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1 Und du sollst einen Altar machen zum Räuchern des Räucherwerks, von Akazienholz sollst du ihn machen;

2 eine Elle seine Länge, und eine Elle seine Breite, quadratförmig soll er sein und zwei Ellen seine Höhe; aus ihm sollen seine Hörner sein.

3 Und überziehe ihn mit reinem Golde, seine Platte und seine Wände ringsum und seine Hörner; und mache ihm einen Kranz von Gold ringsum.

4 Und mache ihm zwei Ringe von Gold unter seinen Kranz: an seine beiden Seiten sollst du sie machen, an seine beiden Wände; und sie sollen zu Behältern sein für die Stangen, um ihn mit denselben zu tragen.

5 Und mache die Stangen von Akazienholz und überziehe sie mit Gold.

6 Und stelle ihn dem Vorhang gegenüber, der vor der Lade des Zeugnisses ist, dem Deckel gegenüber, der über dem Zeugnis ist, woselbst ich mit dir zusammenkommen werde.

7 Und Aaron soll wohlriechendes Räucherwerk auf ihm räuchern; Morgen für Morgen, wenn er die Lampen zurichtet, soll er es räuchern;

8 und wenn Aaron die Lampen anzündet zwischen den zwei Abenden, soll er es räuchern: ein beständiges Räucherwerk vor Jehova bei euren Geschlechtern.

9 Ihr sollt kein fremdes Räucherwerk auf ihm opfern, noch Brandopfer, noch Speisopfer; und kein Trankopfer sollt ihr auf ihn gießen.

10 Und Aaron soll einmal im Jahre für dessen Hörner Sühnung tun mit dem Blute des Sündopfers der Versöhnung; einmal im Jahre soll er Sühnung für ihn tun bei euren Geschlechtern: hochheilig ist er dem Jehova.

11 Und Jehova redete zu Mose und sprach:

12 Wenn du die Summe der Kinder Israel aufnehmen wirst nach ihren Gemusterten, so sollen sie bei ihrer Musterung ein jeder eine Sühne seiner Seele dem Jehova geben, daß keine Plage unter ihnen entstehe bei ihrer Musterung.

13 Dies sollen sie geben: jeder zu den Gemusterten Übergehende die Hälfte eines Sekels, nach dem Sekel des Heiligtums (zwanzig Gera der Sekel), die Hälfte eines Sekels als Hebopfer dem Jehova.

14 Jeder zu den Gemusterten Übergehende, von zwanzig Jahren und darüber, soll das Hebopfer Jehovas geben.

15 Der Reiche soll nicht mehr geben und der Arme nicht weniger als die Hälfte eines Sekels, wenn ihr das Hebopfer Jehovas gebet, um Sühnung zu tun für eure Seelen.

16 Und du sollst das Sühngeld von seiten der Kinder Israel nehmen und es für die Arbeit des Zeltes der Zusammenkunft geben; und es soll den Kindern Israel zum Gedächtnis sein vor Jehova, um Sühnung zu tun für eure Seelen.

17 Und Jehova redete zu Mose und sprach:

18 Mache auch ein Becken von Erz und sein Gestell von Erz zum Waschen; und setze es zwischen das Zelt der Zusammenkunft und den Altar und tue Wasser darein.

19 Und Aaron und seine Söhne sollen ihre Hände und ihre Füße daraus waschen.

20 Wenn sie in das Zelt der Zusammenkunft hineingehen, sollen sie sich mit Wasser waschen, daß sie nicht sterben, oder wenn sie dem Altar nahen zum Dienst, um Jehova ein Feueropfer zu räuchern.

21 Und sie sollen ihre Hände und ihre Füße waschen, daß sie nicht sterben; und das soll ihnen eine ewige Satzung sein, ihm und seinem Samen bei ihren Geschlechtern.

22 Und Jehova redete zu Mose und sprach:

23 Und du, nimm dir die besten Gewürze: von selbst ausgeflossene Myrrhe fünfhundert Sekel, und würzigen Zimmet die Hälfte davon, zweihundertfünfzig, und Würzrohr zweihundertfünfzig,

24 und Kassia fünfhundert, nach dem Sekel des Heiligtums, und ein Hin Olivenöl;

25 und mache daraus ein Öl der heiligen Salbung, eine Mischung von Gewürzsalbe, ein Werk des Salbenmischers; es soll ein Öl der heiligen Salbung sein.

26 Und du sollst damit salben das Zelt der Zusammenkunft und die Lade des Zeugnisses

27 und den Tisch und alle seine Geräte und den Leuchter und seine Geräte und den Räucheraltar

28 und den Brandopferaltar und alle seine Geräte und das Becken und sein Gestell,

29 und du sollst sie heiligen; und sie sollen hochheilig sein: alles, was sie anrührt, wird heilig sein.

30 Und Aaron und seine Söhne sollst du salben und sollst sie heiligen, um mir den Priesterdienst auszuüben.

31 Und zu den Kindern Israel sollst du also reden: Ein Öl der heiligen Salbung soll mir dieses sein bei euren Geschlechtern.

32 Auf keines Menschen Fleisch soll man es gießen, und nach dem Verhältnis seiner Bestandteile sollt ihr keines desgleichen machen; es ist heilig, heilig soll es euch sein.

33 Wer desgleichen mischt, und wer davon auf einen Fremden tut, der soll ausgerottet werden aus seinen Völkern.

34 Und Jehova sprach zu Mose: Nimm dir wohlriechende Gewürze, Stakte und Räuchermuschel und Galban, wohlriechende Gewürze und reinen Weihrauch; zu gleichen Teilen sollen sie sein.

35 Und mache Räucherwerk daraus, Würzwerk, ein Werk des Salbenmischers, gesalzen, rein, heilig.

36 Und zerstoße davon zu Pulver, und lege davon vor das Zeugnis in das Zelt der Zusammenkunft, woselbst ich mit dir zusammenkommen werde; hochheilig soll es euch sein.

37 Und das Räucherwerk, das du machen sollst, nach dem Verhältnis seiner Bestandteile sollt ihr es euch nicht machen; heilig dem Jehova soll es dir sein.

38 Wer desgleichen macht, um daran zu riechen, der soll ausgerottet werden aus seinen Völkern.

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#10208

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10208. 'And Aaron shall make expiation on its horns' means purification from evils by means of the truths of faith which spring from the good of love. This is clear from the meaning of 'making expiation' as purifying from evils, dealt with in 9506; from the representation of 'Aaron' as the Lord in respect of Divine Good, and in respect of the work of salvation, dealt with in 9806, 9946, 10017; and from the meaning of 'horns' as powers, dealt with in 10182, and also outer levels, 10186. The reason why purification by means of the truths of faith which spring from the good of love is meant is that expiation was made by means of blood, and 'blood' means the truth of faith emanating from the good of love, 4735, 7317, 7326, 7846, 7850, 7877, 9127, 9393, 10026, 10033, 10047; and all purification from evils is accomplished by means of the truths of faith that spring from the good of love, 2799, 5954(end), 7044, 7918, 9088. The fact that expiations were made by the blood on the horns of the altar of burnt offering and the altar of incense is clear in Leviticus 4:3, 7, 18, 25, 30, 34; 16:18.

[2] The altars were expiated in this way because holy things were polluted by the sins of the people. The people represented the Church; therefore those places which were the Church's, called its sanctuaries, such as the altar and the tent, together with their contents, were defiled whenever those people were guilty of sin; for those sanctuaries were places belonging to the Church. This is also made clear in Moses,

You shall separate the children of Israel from their uncleanness, in order that they may not die in their uncleanness when they pollute My dwelling-place which is in their midst. Leviticus 15:31.

And in another place,

Aaron shall expiate the holy place from the uncleanness of the children of Israel. Thus shall he expiate the holy sanctuary, and the tent of meeting, and the altar. Leviticus 16:16, 33.

[3] The implications of all this are that those things which are called the holy things of the Church are not holy unless they are received with holy respect; for unless they are received with that respect what is Divine does not flow into them. Anything holy that exists with people is holy only by virtue of what is Divine flowing into it; sacred shrines for example, the altars there, and the bread and wine for the Holy Supper are made holy solely by the presence of the Lord. Therefore if the Lord is unable to be present there on account of the people's sins, those things have no holiness because they lack what is Divine. Furthermore the holy things of the Church are rendered unholy by sins because sins take what is Divine away from them.

[4] This then is the reason why sanctuaries are said to have been polluted by the uncleanness of the people and why those places therefore had to be expiated annually. The reason why the expiations were made with blood on the horns of the altars and not on the altars themselves was that the horns were the extremities of them, and nothing of a person has been purified unless the extremities or what is outermost has been purified. For inner things flow into those that are outermost, but the state of the outermost conditions the inflow. Consequently if what is outermost has been perverted the things within become perverted; for when those inner things flow into outermost ones, the recipient forms into which they descend are conditioned by the state in which the outermost things exist. The situation is like that when the eye is in bad condition; the power of sight which comes from within sees things only as that eye-condition will allow. Or it is like that when the arms are in bad shape; the powers which come from within exert themselves only as that condition will allow. Consequently if the natural man has been perverted the spiritual lacks the opportunity to function properly within the natural man, and this is why the spiritual or internal man is closed.

[5] But see what has been shown already on these matters, namely the following;

If a person is to be purified the natural or external man must be purified, see the places referred to in 9325(end).

This is because the path that all influx takes is from the internal to the external, and not vice versa, 5119, 6322.

For it is on the natural level within a person that influx from the spiritual world reaches its destination, 5651.

The outward aspects of a person have been formed to serve the inward, 5947, 9216, 9828.

Thus the external man must be altogether subject to the internal, 5786, 6275, 6284, 6299.

This is because the internal man is in heaven and the external man is in the world, 3167, 10156.

And the external man by himself or left to himself alone acts contrary to the internal, 3913, 3928.

In addition to all this, see 9701-9709 stating what the internal man is and what the external man is.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#2177

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2177. That 'meal of fine flour' means the spiritual and celestial ingredients [of the rational] which were present at that time with the Lord, and 'cakes' the same when both had been joined together, is quite clear from the sacrifices of the representative Church and from the minchah presented at the same time, which consisted of fine flour mixed with oil and made into cakes. Representative worship consisted primarily in burnt offerings and sacrifices. What these represented has been stated above where 'bread' was the subject, in 2165, namely the celestial things of the Lord's kingdom in heaven and of the Lord's kingdom on earth, which is the Church, and also the things of the Lord's kingdom or Church as it exists with every individual, and in general everything that is in essence love and charity, since these are celestial entities. In those times all the sacrifices were called 'bread'. Along with those sacrifices a minchah was included - which, as has been stated, consisted of fine flour mixed with oil to which also incense was added - and also a wine-offering.

[2] What these latter represented becomes clear too, namely things similar to those represented by sacrifices but of a lower order, thus the things which belong to the spiritual Church, and also those which belong to the external Church. It may become clear to anyone that such things would never have been prescribed unless they had represented Divine things, and also that each one represented some specific thing. For unless they had represented Divine things they would have been no different from similar things found among gentiles, among whom also there were sacrifices, minchahs, libations, and incense, as well as perpetual fires and many other things which had come down to them from the Ancient Church, especially from the Hebrew Church. But because they were separated from the internal, that is, the Divine things represented by them, those external forms of worship were nothing but idolatrous, as they also came to be among the Jews, who likewise sank into all kinds of idolatry. From this it may become clear to anyone that heavenly arcana were present within every form of ritual, especially so within the sacrifices and every detail of them.

[3] As regards the minchah, the nature of it and how it was to be made into cakes is described in a whole chapter in Moses - in Leviticus 2; also Numbers 15, and elsewhere. The law regarding the minchah is described in Leviticus in the following words,

Fire shall be kept burning unceasingly on the altar; it shall not be put out. And this is the law of the minchah: Aaron's sons shall bring it before Jehovah to the front of the altar, and he shall take up from it a fistful of fine flour of the minchah and of the oil of it and all the frankincense which is on the minchah, and he shall burn it on the altar; it is an odour of rest for a memorial to Jehovah. And the rest of it Aaron and his sons shall eat. Unleavened bread shall be eaten in a holy place. In the court of the tent of meeting shall they eat it. It shall not be cooked leavened; I have given it as their portion from My fire-offerings; it is most holy. Leviticus 6:13-17.

[4] The fire which was to be kept burning unceasingly on the altar represented the Lord's love, that is, His mercy, which is constant and eternal. 'Fire' in the Word means love, see 934, and therefore 'the fire-offerings made for an odour of rest' means the good pleasure which the Lord takes in those things that belong to love and charity. That 'odour' means good pleasure, that is, that which is pleasing, see 925, 1519. Their 'taking a fistful' represented their being required to love with all their soul or strength, for 'the hand' or 'the palm' of the hand means power, as shown in 878, from which 'the fist' also means the same. 'The fine flour together with the oil and the frankincense' represented all things of charity - 'fine flour' the spiritual ingredient of it, 'oil' the celestial, and 'frankincense' that which was in this manner pleasing. That 'fine flour' represents the spiritual ingredient is evident from what has just been stated and from what is stated below. That 'oil' represents the celestial ingredient, or the good or charity, see 886, and that 'frankincense' on account of its odour represents that which is pleasing and acceptable, 925.

[5] Its being 'unleavened bread' or not fermented means that it was to be genuine, thus something offered from genuineness of heart and having no uncleanness. The eating of the rest by Aaron and his sons represented man's reciprocation and his making it his own, and thus represented conjunction by means of love and charity; and it is for this reason that they were commanded to eat it 'in a holy place'. Hence it is called something most holy. These were the things which were represented by the minchah. It was also the way in which the representatives themselves were perceived in heaven; and when the member of the Church understood them in the same way his ideas were like the perception which the angels possess, so that he was in the Lord's kingdom in heaven even though he was on earth.

[6] For more about the minchah - what it was to consist of in any particular kind of sacrifice; the way in which it was to be baked into cakes; what kind was to be offered by those who were being cleansed, and also what kinds on other occasions (all of which would take too long to introduce and explain here) - see what is said about it in Exodus 29:39-41; Leviticus 5:11-13; 6:16-17, 19-21; 10:12-13; 23:10-13, 6, 17; Numbers 5:15 and following verses; 6:15-17, 19-20; 7: in various places; 28:5, 8, 9, 12-13, 20-21, 28-29; 29:3-4, 9-10, 14-15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 37

[7] 'Fine flour made into cakes' had in general the same representation as bread, namely the celestial ingredient of love, while 'meals represented its spiritual ingredient, as becomes clear in the places indicated above. The loaves which were called 'the bread of the Presence' or 'the shewbread' consisted of fine flour, which was made into cakes and placed on the table to provide an unceasing representation of the Lord's love, that is, of His mercy, towards the whole human race, and man's reciprocation. These loaves are spoken of in Moses as follows,

You shall take fine pour and bake it into twelve cakes; two-tenths [of an ephah] shall there be in one cake And you shall place them in two rows, six in a row, on the clean table before Jehovah. And you shall put pure frankincense on each row, and it shall be bread serving as a memorial, a fire-offering to Jehovah. Every sabbath day [Aaron] shall set it out in order before Jehovah continually; it is from the children of Israel as an eternal covenant. And it shall be for Aaron and his sons, and they shall eat it in a holy place, for it is to him the most holy of fire-offerings to Jehovah, by an eternal statute. Leviticus 24:5-9.

Every item and smallest detail mentioned here represented the holiness of love and charity, 'fine flour' having the same representation as meal of fine flour, namely that which is celestial and that which is spiritual that goes with it, and 'cake' the two when joined together.

[8] From this it is clear what the holiness of the Word is to those who possess heavenly ideas, and indeed what holiness was present within this particular representative observance, on account of which it is called 'most holy'. It is also clear how devoid of holiness the Word is to those who imagine that it does not have anything heavenly within it and who keep solely to externals. Exemplifying the latter are those who in the present verse under consideration perceive 'the meal' to be merely meal, 'the fine flour' merely fine flour, and 'the cake' merely a cake, and who imagine that these things have been stated without each one that is mentioned embodying something of the Divine within it. Their attitude is similar to that of those who imagine that the bread and wine of the Holy Supper are no more than a certain religious observance that does not have anything holy within it. Yet in fact it possesses such holiness that the minds of men are linked by means of it to the minds of those in heaven, when from an internal affection they think that the bread and wine mean the Lord's love and man's reciprocation, and by virtue of that interior thought and affection they abide in holiness.

[9] Much the same was implied by the requirement that when the children of Israel entered the land they were to present as a heave-offering to Jehovah a cake made from the first of their dough, Numbers 15:20. The fact that such things are meant is also evident in the Prophets, from' among whom for the moment let this one place in Ezekiel be introduced here,

You were adorned with gold and silver, and your raiment was of fine linen and silk and embroidered cloth. You ate fine flour, honey, and oil. You became exceedingly beautiful, and attained to a kingdom. Ezekiel 16:13.

This refers to Jerusalem, by which is meant the Church, which Church in its earliest days bore an appearance such as this, that is to say, the Ancient Church, which is described by means of raiment and many other adornments. Its affections for truth and good are also described by 'the fine flour, honey, and oil'. It may become clear to anyone that all these details mean in the internal sense something altogether different from what they do in the sense of the letter. And the same applies to Abraham's saying to Sarah, 'Take quickly three measures of meal of fine flour, knead it, and make cakes'. That 'three' means things that are holy has been shown already in 720, 901.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.