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3 Mose第5章

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1 Und wenn jemand sündigt, daß er die Stimme des Fluches (O. der Beschwörung; vergl. Spür. 29,24) hört, und er war Zeuge, sei es daß er es gesehen oder gewußt hat, -wenn er es nicht anzeigt, so soll er seine Ungerechtigkeit tragen;

2 oder wenn jemand irgend etwas Unreines anrührt, sei es das Aas eines unreinen wilden Tieres, oder das Aas eines unreinen Viehes, oder das Aas eines unreinen kriechenden Tieres (W. unreinen Gewimmels, wie 1. Mose 1,20,) -ist es ihm auch verborgen, so ist er unrein und schuldig;

3 oder wenn er die Unreinigkeit eines Menschen anrührt, was für eine Unreinigkeit von ihm es auch sei, durch welche er unrein wird, und es ist ihm verborgen, -erkennt er es, so ist er schuldig;

4 oder wenn jemand schwört, indem er unbesonnen mit den Lippen redet, Böses oder Gutes zu tun, nach allem was ein Mensch mit einem Schwur unbesonnen reden mag, und es ist ihm verborgen, -erkennt er es, so ist er schuldig in einem von diesen.

5 Und es soll geschehen, wenn er sich in einem von diesen verschuldet, so bekenne er, worin er gesündigt hat;

6 und er bringe sein Schuldopfer dem Jehova für seine Sünde, die er begangen hat: ein Weiblein vom Kleinvieh, ein Schaf oder eine Ziege zum Sündopfer; und der Priester soll Sühnung für ihn tun wegen seiner Sünde.

7 Und wenn seine Hand das zu einem Stück Kleinvieh Hinreichende nicht aufbringen kann, so soll er für (W. als) seine Schuld, die er auf sich geladen hat, zwei Turteltauben oder zwei junge Tauben dem Jehova bringen: eine zum Sündopfer und eine zum Brandopfer.

8 Und er soll sie zu dem Priester bringen; und dieser bringe die zum Sündopfer bestimmte zuerst dar und kneipe ihr den Kopf ein dicht beim Genick; er soll ihn aber nicht abtrennen.

9 Und er sprenge von dem Blute des Sündopfers an die Wand des Altars, und das Übrige von dem Blute soll ausgedrückt werden an den Fuß des Altars: es ist ein Sündopfer.

10 Und die andere soll er als Brandopfer opfern nach der Vorschrift. Und so tue der Priester Sühnung für ihn wegen seiner Sünde, die er begangen hat, und es wird ihm vergeben werden.

11 Und wenn seine Hand zwei Turteltauben oder zwei junge Tauben nicht aufbringen kann, so bringe der, welcher gesündigt hat, als seine Opfergabe ein Zehntel Epha Feinmehl zum Sündopfer; er soll kein Öl darauf tun und keinen Weihrauch darauf legen, denn es ist ein Sündopfer.

12 Und er soll es zu dem Priester bringen; und der Priester nehme davon seine Hand voll, das Gedächtnisteil desselben, und räuchere es auf dem Altar, auf den Feueropfern Jehovas: es ist ein Sündopfer.

13 Und so tue der Priester Sühnung für ihn wegen seiner Sünde, die er begangen hat in einem von diesen, und es wird ihm vergeben werden; und es soll dem Priester gehören wie das Speisopfer.

14 Und Jehova redete zu Mose und sprach:

15 Wenn jemand Untreue begeht und aus Versehen an den heiligen Dingen Jehovas sündigt, so soll er sein Schuldopfer dem Jehova bringen, einen Widder ohne Fehl vom Kleinvieh, nach deiner Schätzung an Sekeln Silber, nach dem Sekel des Heiligtums, zum Schuldopfer.

16 Und was er an dem Heiligen (Eig. von den heiligen (od. geheiligten, geweihten) Dingen weg, d. h. was er von den heiligen Dingen weggenommen hat) gesündigt hat, soll er erstatten und dessen Fünftel darüber hinzufügen und es dem Priester geben; und der Priester soll Sühnung für ihn tun mit dem Widder des Schuldopfers, und es wird ihm vergeben werden.

17 Und wenn jemand sündigt und eines von allen den Verboten Jehovas tut, die nicht getan werden sollen, -hat er es auch nicht gewußt, so ist er schuldig und soll seine Ungerechtigkeit tragen.

18 Und er soll einen Widder ohne Fehl vom Kleinvieh nach deiner Schätzung zu dem Priester bringen, zum Schuldopfer; und der Priester soll Sühnung für ihn tun wegen seines Versehens, das er begangen hat, ohne es zu wissen; und es wird ihm vergeben werden.

19 Es ist ein Schuldopfer; er hat sich gewißlich an Jehova verschuldet. Und Jehova redete zu Mose und sprach: Wenn jemand sündigt und Untreue wider Jehova begeht, daß er seinem Nächsten ein anvertrautes Gut ableugnet oder ein Darlehn oder etwas Geraubtes; oder er hat von seinem Nächsten etwas erpreßt, oder er hat Verlorenes gefunden, und leugnet es ab; und er schwört falsch über irgend etwas von allem, was ein Mensch tun mag, sich darin zu versündigen: so soll es geschehen, wenn er gesündigt und sich verschuldet hat, daß er zurückerstatte das Geraubte, das er geraubt, oder das Erpreßte, das er erpreßt hat, oder das Anvertraute, das ihm anvertraut worden ist, oder das Verlorene, das er gefunden hat, oder alles, worüber er falsch geschworen hat; und er soll es erstatten nach seiner vollen Summe und dessen Fünftel darüber hinzufügen; wem es gehört, dem soll er es geben am Tage seines Schuldopfers. Und sein Schuldopfer soll er Jehova bringen, einen Widder ohne Fehl vom Kleinvieh, nach deiner Schätzung, zum Schuldopfer, zu dem Priester; und der Priester soll Sühnung für ihn tun vor Jehova, und es wird ihm vergeben werden wegen irgend etwas von allem, was er getan hat, sich darin zu verschulden.

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Apocalypse Explained#548

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548. But that they should torment them five months.- That this signifies that the understanding should be darkened by the falsities of evil, and be drawn away from seeing truth, so long as they are in that state, is evident from the signification of tormenting, which denotes to darken as to the understanding, and to be withdrawn from seeing truth, of which we shall treat presently; and from the signification of five months, as denoting so long as they remain in that state. To torment here signifies to darken as to the understanding, and to be drawn away from seeing truth, because it is stated of the locusts, and their power of hurting like scorpions, and by the locusts is meant the ultimate of the life of man, which is called the Sensual, and by the power of hurting like scorpions is signified the persuasive [power], which is of such a nature, as to take away from the understanding the light of truth, and bring on infernal darkness; therefore it now follows, that their torment was as the torment of a scorpion when he strikes a man, for the scorpion signifies such a persuasive [power], as may be seen above (n. 544). This is said to torment, because it is said above, that the locusts should hurt men, but should not kill them; and he who hurts, and does not kill, torments. The persuasive [power] also in the sensual man, that is in the falsities of evil, hurts the understanding by darkening and drawing it away from seeing truth, although it does not deprive it of the power of understanding and perceiving; and because it is compared with the pain inflicted by a scorpion when it strikes a man, it is said to torment.

[2] The reason why five months signify so long as men are in that state, is, that a month signifies a state, and the number five signifies somewhat, and hence also, so long as. Months signify states, because all times, in the Word, as ages, years, weeks, days, and hours, signify states of life; hence also months, see the Heaven and Hell 162-169).

That five signifies somewhat, is evident from those passages in the Word, where that number occurs. For the numbers 10, 100, 1000, signify much and all, hence five signifies somewhat. For those numbers which signify much, arise from the number five, which signifies somewhat, and the numbers that are compounded and derived, take their signification from the simple numbers, from which, by multiplication, they are compounded and derived, see above (n. 429, 430:2). The number five also signifies so long as, because it is said, five months, and by five months is there signified a state of duration. This signification of five months appears to be a remote one, from this fact, that man so long as he lives in the world, is in natural thought, and natural thought derives its ideas from spaces and times, and also from numbers and measures; for these things are proper to nature, because all things in nature are determined by them. But spiritual thought is without any fixed idea of space, time, number, and measure; and therefore it appears far fetched and strange to man in the world, that five months should signify "so long as that state continues," that is to say, so long as the state of the persuasion of falsity continues, for so long is the understanding darkened, and drawn away from seeing the truth; but when the persuasion of falsity is removed, man comes into the faculty of seeing truth, if he desire to see it, and this faculty is given to every man.

[3] That five, in the Word, signifies somewhat and some, also all of such a quality, and similar things, is clear from the following: Jesus said that the kingdom of the heavens is like to ten virgins of whom "five were wise, and five were foolish" (Matthew 25:1, 2). The Lord compared the kingdom of the heavens to ten virgins, because the kingdom of the heavens signifies the church, and a virgin has a similar signification; and ten virgins signify all who are of the church. It is said, that five were wise and five foolish, because five signifies some of them, or all who are of such a quality on one part. That a virgin signifies the church, is evident from many passages in the Word, where mention is made of the virgin of Zion, the virgin of Jerusalem, the virgin of Israel, for these signify the church.

[4] The same is signified by ten, and by five, in the parable of the Lord concerning the nobleman who gave talents (minoe, mna [Greek]) to his servants to trade with, and one made of his talent ten talents, and another made five talents of his talents, and therefore they had authority over as many cities (Luke 19:13-20). The numbers ten and five were mentioned by the Lord, because ten signifies much, and five, somewhat; but by their trading is signified the acquisition and procuring of heavenly intelligence; and by their having authority over cities, is signified intelligence and wisdom, for a city signifies in the Word, doctrine, and to have authority over it, signifies to be intelligent and wise, and over ten cities, signifies much, and over five, signifies some.

[5] Also some, and all who are of such quality, are signified by the number five in the parable of the Lord concerning the rich man and Lazarus, in which it is said that the rich man told Abraham that he had five brethren, and he besought that Lazarus might be sent to them (Luke 16:27, 28). The rich man said that he had five brethren because by five are signified all who are of such a quality.

Similarly, in the parable of the Lord concerning those who were invited to the great supper, one of them excused himself on the ground that he had bought five yoke of oxen, and must go to prove them (Luke 14:19). By oxen in the Word are signified the natural affections, and by five yoke of oxen are signified all those affections or disorderly desires that lead away from heaven; heaven and the church, in regard to spiritual nourishment or instruction, are signified by the great supper to which they were invited. Who cannot see that the number five in these four parables involves some interior truth, since it is used by the Lord?

[6] So again, in Isaiah:

"In that day there shall be five cities in the land of Egypt speaking with the lips of Canaan, and swearing to Jehovah of hosts. In that day shall there be an altar to Jehovah in the midst of the land of Egypt" (19:18, 19).

In that day, signifies the coming of the Lord; "five cities in the land of Egypt speaking with the lips of Canaan," signifies, that some who are then natural shall become spiritual, and shall acknowledge the truths of genuine doctrine, and shall worship the Lord from the good of charity. These things are explained in detail above (n. 223:14). Here, therefore, mention is made of five cities, as some at that time are meant, and also some truths of doctrine.

[7] So again:

"Gleaning grapes shall be left in it, as the shaking of an olive tree, two-three berries in the top of the bough, four-five in the branches of the fruitful tree" (17:6).

And Jesus said in Luke:

"From henceforth there shall be five in one house divided, three against two, and two against three" (12:52).

That in these passages five also signifies some, and all who are of such a quality, may be seen above (n. 532), where both these passages are explained.

A law was given to the Israelites that he who stole, or slew, or sold an ox, should restore five oxen (Exodus 22:1). Here an ox, in the spiritual sense, means the good of the natural man; by restoring five oxen for an ox, is signified that he shall sufficiently amend what he had perverted and extinguished. To steal means to take away, to kill is to extinguish, and to sell is to pervert.

[8] By the fifth part also is signified as much as is sufficient in the following passages: Leviticus 5:16; 6:5; 22:14; 27:13, 15, 19, 27, 31; Num. 5:6-8. The same is also signified by the fifths which Pharaoh took up from the land of Egypt during the seven years of plenty (Genesis 41:34; 47:24). Again, the same is signified by Abner's smiting Asahel with the hinder end of his spear at the fifth [rib] (2 Sam. 2:23); at the fifth rib signifies as much as was sufficient for death; for the same number that signifies somewhat, and the all of one part, also signifies as much as is sufficient, when it is used of quantity, and so long as, when it is used of time.

[9] Since this number signifies some, and the all of one part, therefore it also signifies little and few, when a great quantity, which is also marked by numbers, follows or precedes; for then the all of one part is respectively few.

Thus in Isaiah:

"One thousand at the rebuke of one; at the rebuke of five shall ye flee" (30:17).

And in Moses it is said among the curses that five should chase a hundred, and a hundred, ten thousand (Leviticus 26:8). And in the Evangelists it is stated that the Lord fed five thousand men with five loaves and two fishes (Matthew 14:15-22; Mark 6:38-43; Luke 9:13-16; John 6:9-13). The taking up of twelve baskets of the fragments on that occasion signifies fulness, thus fulness of instruction, and also full benediction.

[10] In Luke by five are signified few, where it is said,

"Are not five sparrows sold for two farthings, and not one of them is forgotten before God? Fear not therefore; ye are of more value than many sparrows" (12:6, 7).

Here five sparrows are mentioned, because five denotes what is few and of little value compared to men, for it is afterwards said, "ye are of more value than many sparrows." Any one can see that this number would not have been mentioned so often by the Lord unless it had been significative. Since five signifies all of one part, therefore it was also commanded that over the tabernacle they should make ten curtains, five curtains to be coupled together one to another, and five curtains to be coupled one to another (Exodus 26:1, 3). That ten signifies all in the aggregate, and five the all of one and of the other part, may be seen in the Arcana Coelestia 9595, 9604).

  
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Translation by Isaiah Tansley. Many thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.