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maastamuutto第12章

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1 Ja Herra puhui Moosekselle ja Aaronille Egyptin maassa sanoen:

2 "Tämä kuukausi olkoon teillä kuukausista ensimmäinen; siitä alottakaa vuoden kuukaudet.

3 Puhukaa koko Israelin kansalle ja sanokaa: Tämän kuun kymmenentenä päivänä ottakoon kukin perheenisäntä itsellensä karitsan, yhden karitsan joka perhekuntaa kohti.

4 Mutta jos perhe on liian pieni koko karitsaa syömään, niin ottakoon lähimmän naapurinsa kanssa yhteisen karitsan, henkilöluvun mukaan. Karitsaa kohti laskekaa niin monta, että voivat sen syödä.

5 Ja karitsanne olkoon virheetön, vuoden vanha urospuoli; lampaista tai vuohista se ottakaa.

6 Ja pitäkää se tallella neljänteentoista päivään tätä kuuta; silloin Israelin koko seurakunta teurastakoon sen iltahämärässä.

7 Ja he ottakoot sen verta ja sivelkööt sillä molemmat pihtipielet ja ovenpäällisen niissä taloissa, joissa he sitä syövät.

8 Ja he syökööt lihan samana yönä; tulessa paistettuna, happamattoman leivän ja katkerain yrttien kanssa he sen syökööt.

9 Älkää syökö siitä mitään raakana tai vedessä keitettynä, vaan tulessa paistettuna päineen, jalkoineen ja sisälmyksineen.

10 Älkääkä jättäkö siitä mitään huomenaamuksi; mutta jos jotakin siitä jäisi huomenaamuksi, niin polttakaa se tulessa.

11 Ja syökää se näin: kupeet vyötettyinä, kengät jalassanne ja sauva kädessänne; ja syökää se kiiruusti. Tämä on pääsiäinen Herran kunniaksi.

12 Sillä minä kuljen sinä yönä kautta Egyptin maan ja surmaan kaikki esikoiset Egyptin maassa, sekä ihmiset että eläimet, ja panen toimeen rangaistustuomion, jonka minä olen langettanut kaikista Egyptin jumalista. Minä olen Herra.

13 Ja veri on oleva merkki, teille suojelukseksi, taloissa, joissa olette; sillä kun minä näen veren, niin minä menen teidän ohitsenne, eikä rangaistus ole tuhoava teitä, kun minä rankaisen Egyptin maata.

14 Ja tämä päivä olkoon teille muistopäivä, ja viettäkää sitä Herran juhlana; sukupolvesta sukupolveen viettäkää sitä ikuisena säädöksenä.

15 Seitsemän päivää syökää happamatonta leipää; jo ensimmäisenä päivänä korjatkaa pois hapan taikina taloistanne. Sillä jokainen, joka hapanta syö, ensimmäisestä päivästä seitsemänteen päivään asti, hävitettäköön Israelista.

16 Ensimmäisenä päivänä pitäkää pyhä kokous ja samoin myös seitsemäntenä päivänä pyhä kokous. Mitään työtä älköön tehtäkö niinä päivinä; ainoastaan se, mitä kukin tarvitsee ruuaksi, ainoastaan se valmistettakoon.

17 Ja pitäkää tätä happamattoman leivän juhlaa, sillä juuri sinä päivänä minä vein teidän joukkonne pois Egyptin maasta; sentähden pitäkää tätä päivää, sukupolvesta sukupolveen, ikuisena säädöksenä.

18 Ensimmäisessä kuussa, kuukauden neljäntenätoista päivänä, ehtoolla, syökää happamatonta leipää, ja niin tehkää aina saman kuun yhdennenkolmatta päivän ehtooseen asti.

19 Seitsemään päivään älköön hapanta taikinaa olko teidän taloissanne; sillä jokainen, joka hapanta leipää syö, hävitettäköön Israelin kansasta, olipa hän muukalainen tai maassasyntynyt.

20 Älkää syökö mitään hapanta, vaan syökää happamatonta leipää, missä asuttekin."

21 Ja Mooses kutsui kaikki Israelin vanhimmat ja sanoi heille: "Menkää ja ottakaa lammas kutakin perhekuntaanne kohti ja teurastakaa pääsiäislammas.

22 Ja ottakaa isoppikimppu, kastakaa se vereen, joka on maljassa, ja sivelkää ovenpäällinen ja molemmat pihtipielet sillä verellä, joka on maljassa. Älköönkä kukaan menkö ulos talonsa ovesta ennen aamua.

23 Sillä Herra kulkee rankaisemassa egyptiläisiä; mutta kun Herra näkee veren ovenpäällisessä ja molemmissa pihtipielissä, menee hän sen oven ohi eikä salli tuhoojan tulla teidän taloihinne teitä vitsauksella lyömään.

24 Noudattakaa tätä; se olkoon ikuinen säädös sinulle ja sinun lapsillesi.

25 Ja kun te tulette siihen maahan, jonka Herra on teille antava, niinkuin hän on sanonut, niin noudattakaa näitä menoja.

26 Kun sitten lapsenne kysyvät teiltä: 'Mitä nämä menot merkitsevät?'

27 niin vastatkaa: 'Tämä on pääsiäisuhri Herralle, joka meni israelilaisten talojen ohi Egyptissä, kun hän rankaisi egyptiläisiä, mutta säästi meidän kotimme'." Silloin kansa kumartui maahan ja rukoili.

28 Ja israelilaiset menivät ja tekivät, niinkuin Herra oli Moosekselle ja Aaronille käskyn antanut; niin he tekivät.

29 Ja puoliyön aikana tapahtui, että Herra surmasi kaikki Egyptin maan esikoiset, valtaistuimellaan istuvan faraon esikoisesta vankikuopassa olevan vangin esikoiseen asti, ynnä kaikki karjan esikoiset.

30 Niin farao nousi sinä yönä ja kaikki hänen palvelijansa ynnä kaikki egyptiläiset, ja kova valitus oli Egyptissä; sillä ei ollut yhtään taloa, jossa ei ollut kuollutta.

31 Ja hän kutsutti yöllä Mooseksen ja Aaronin ja sanoi: "Nouskaa ja menkää pois minun kansani joukosta, sekä te että israelilaiset; menkää ja palvelkaa Herraa, niinkuin olette puhuneet.

32 Ottakaa myös lampaanne ja karjanne mukaanne, niinkuin olette puhuneet, ja menkää ja rukoilkaa minullekin siunausta."

33 Ja egyptiläiset ahdistivat kansaa jouduttaaksensa heidän lähtöänsä maasta pois, sillä he ajattelivat: "Me kuolemme kaikki".

34 Ja kansa otti taikinansa, ennenkuin se oli hapannut, ja kantoi taikinakaukalonsa vaippoihin käärittyinä olkapäillään.

35 Ja israelilaiset olivat tehneet Mooseksen sanan mukaan: he olivat pyytäneet egyptiläisiltä hopea-ja kultakaluja sekä vaatteita.

36 Ja Herra oli antanut kansan päästä egyptiläisten suosioon, niin että nämä suostuivat heidän pyyntöönsä; ja niin he veivät saalista egyptiläisiltä.

37 Ja israelilaiset lähtivät liikkeelle ja kulkivat Ramseksesta Sukkotiin; heitä oli noin kuusisataa tuhatta jalkamiestä, paitsi vaimoja ja lapsia.

38 Ja myös paljon sekakansaa meni heidän kanssansa, sekä lampaita ja raavaskarjaa suuret laumat.

39 Ja he leipoivat siitä taikinasta, jonka olivat tuoneet Egyptistä, happamattomia leipiä; sillä se ei ollut hapannut, kun heidät karkoitettiin Egyptistä. He eivät olleet saaneet viipyä, eivätkä he myöskään olleet valmistaneet itsellensä evästä.

40 Mutta aika, jonka israelilaiset olivat asuneet Egyptissä, oli neljäsataa kolmekymmentä vuotta.

41 Kun ne neljäsataa kolmekymmentä vuotta olivat kuluneet, niin juuri sinä päivänä kaikki Herran joukot lähtivät Egyptin maasta.

42 Valvontayö Herran kunniaksi on tämä , koska hän silloin vei heidät pois Egyptin maasta; tämän yön kaikki israelilaiset valvokoot Herran kunniaksi, sukupolvesta sukupolveen.

43 Ja Herra sanoi Moosekselle ja Aaronille: "Tämä on säädös pääsiäislampaasta: Kukaan muukalainen älköön siitä syökö;

44 mutta jokainen rahalla ostettu orja syököön siitä, kunhan olet ympärileikannut hänet.

45 Loinen ja päiväpalkkalainen älkööt siitä syökö.

46 Samassa talossa se syötäköön; älköön mitään siitä lihasta vietäkö talosta ulos, älkääkä siitä luuta rikkoko.

47 Koko Israelin seurakunta viettäköön sitä ateriaa.

48 Ja jos joku muukalainen asuu sinun luonasi ja tahtoo viettää pääsiäistä Herran kunniaksi, niin ympärileikkauttakoon kaikki miehenpuolensa ja sitten käyköön sitä viettämään ja olkoon silloin niinkuin maassasyntynyt. Mutta yksikään ympärileikkaamaton älköön siitä syökö.

49 Sama laki olkoon maassasyntyneellä ja muukalaisella, joka asuu teidän keskuudessanne."

50 Ja kaikki israelilaiset tekivät, niinkuin Herra oli Moosekselle ja Aaronille käskyn antanut; niin he tekivät.

51 (H12:50) Ja juuri sinä päivänä Herra vei israelilaiset joukkoinensa pois Egyptin maasta.

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Apocalypse Explained#140

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140. Because thou hast there them, that hold the doctrine of Balaam, who taught Balak to cast a stumbling-block before the sons of Israel. That this signifies those whose understanding is enlightened, and who teach truths, but still love to destroy by guile those who belong to the church is evident from the historical parts of the Word which treat of Balaam and Balak, understood according to the spiritual sense, which shall therefore here be first treated of.

[2] Balaam was a soothsayer from Pethor of Mesopotamia, and was therefore called by Balak, king of Moab, to curse the people of Israel; but Jehovah prevented this, and caused him to speak prophetically; notwithstanding, he afterwards consulted with Balak how he might destroy that people by guile, by withdrawing them from the worship of Jehovah to the worship of Baal-peor. By Balaam, therefore, are meant those whose understanding is enlightened and who teach truths, but still love to destroy by guile those who belong to the church.

That Balaam was a soothsayer is evident from these words in Moses:

"The elders of Moab and the elders of Midian departed with the rewards of divination in their hand, and they came unto Balaam" (Numbers 22:7).

"When Balaam saw that it was good in the eyes of Jehovah to bless Israel, he went not as at other times to seek for divinations" (Numbers 24:1).

And in Joshua:

"Balaam the son of Beor, the soothsayer, did the sons of Israel slay with the sword upon their slain" (13:22).

That he was called by Balak, king of Moab, to curse the people of Israel, may be seen, Numbers 22:5, 6, 16, 17; Deuteronomy 23:3, 4; but that Jehovah prevented this, and caused him to speak prophetically, Numbers 22:9, 10, 12, 20; 23:5, 16. The prophecies which he uttered may be seen Numbers 23:7-10, 18-24; 24:5-9, 15-19, 20-24; all of which things are truths, because it is said, that:

"Jehovah put a word into his mouth" (Numbers 23:5, 12, 16).

That afterwards he consulted with Balak how he might destroy the people of Israel by guile, by withdrawing them from the worship of Jehovah to the worship of Baal-peor, is clear from these words in Moses:

"In Shittim the people began to commit whoredom with the daughters of Moab. And they called the people unto the sacrifices of their gods; and the people did eat and bowed down to their gods. And especially did he join himself unto Baal-peor. Therefore twenty and four thousand were slain of Israel" (Numbers 25:1-3, 9).

They slew Balaam amongst the Midianites: and the sons of Israel led captive all the women of the Midianites, which thing was "agreeable to the counsel of Balaam to deliver them to iniquity against Jehovah, in the matter of Peor" (Numbers 31:8, 16).

That by Balaam are meant those whose understanding is enlightened and who teach truths follows from what is said in the above passages; for he spoke truth prophetically concerning Israel, and also concerning the Lord; that he spoke also concerning the Lord may be seen in his prophecy (Numbers 24:17). To speak prophetically concerning Israel, is not to speak concerning the people of Israel, but concerning the Lord's church, which is signified by Israel. The enlightenment of his understanding he himself also describes in these words:

"The saying of Balaam, the son of Beor, of the man whose eyes are opened, who heareth the words of God, falls prostrate, and has his eyes uncovered" (Numbers 24:3, 4, 15, 16).

To have the eyes opened, or to have them uncovered, is to have the understanding enlightened; for eyes in the Word signify the understanding (as may be seen, Arcana Coelestia 2701, 4410-4421, 4523-4534, 9051, 10569).

[3] That by Balaam are also meant those who love to destroy by guile those who belong to the church is also evident from what has been shown above; and moreover, that when he rode upon the ass, he continually meditated the use of divinations, to destroy the sons of Israel. When he could not accomplish this by curses, he consulted with Balak to destroy them by calling them to the sacrifices of his gods, and to commit whoredom with the daughters of Moab; by the sons of Israel whom he wished to destroy, is signified the church, because the church was instituted amongst them (see Arcana Coelestia 6426, 8805, 9340).

[4] The arcanum concerning the ass upon which Balaam rode, which turned three times out of the way on seeing an angel with a sword drawn, and the fact of its speaking to Balaam, shall be here briefly explained. Balaam, when he rode upon the ass, continually meditated divinations against the sons of Israel; the gain with which he should be honoured was in his mind, as is clear from these words concerning him,

"He went not as at other times to seek for divinations" (Numbers 24:1).

He was also a soothsayer in heart, therefore he thought of nothing else, when he thought in himself. By the ass upon which he rode is signified, in the spiritual sense of the Word, an enlightened Intellectual; therefore to ride upon an ass or mule was amongst the distinctions of a chief judge and of king (as may be seen above, n. 31; and in Arcana Coelestia 2781, 5741, 9212). The angel with the sword drawn signifies Divine truth enlightening and fighting against falsity (as may be seen above, n. 131); hence, the ass turning three times out of the way signifies that the enlightened understanding did not agree with the thought of the soothsayer, which also is meant by what the angel said to Balaam:

"Behold, I went out to withstand thee, because thy way is evil before me" (Numbers 22:32).

By way, in the spiritual sense of the Word, is signified that which a man thinks from intention (as may be seen in the work, Heaven and Hell 479, 534, 590, and in the small work, The Last Judgment 48). That he was withheld from the thought and intention of using divinations by the fear of death, is clear from what the angel said to him:

"Unless the ass had turned from me, surely now also I had slain thee" (Numbers 22:33).

[5] It sounded in the ears of Balaam as if the ass spoke to him, although she did not speak, but the speech was heard as if proceeding from her. That this is the case, has often been shown me by actual experience. It has been granted me to hear horses, as it were, speaking, although the speech was not from them, but as it were from them. This was actually the case with Balaam, to the intent that this history might be described in the Word for the sake of the internal sense in detail. In the internal sense is described how the Lord defends those who are in truths and goods, lest they should be hurt by those who speak as from enlightenment, and yet have the disposition and intention to lead astray. He who believes that Balaam could do injury to the sons of Israel by divinations is much deceived; for these could avail nothing against them; this Balaam also confessed when he said:

"Divination avails not against Jacob, nor soothsayings against Israel" (Numbers 23:23).

The reason why Balaam could lead that people astray by guile was because they were such in heart that they worshipped Jehovah with the mouth only, but Baal-peor with the heart; and because they were of such a nature, this was permitted.

[6] Moreover it is to be noted that man's understanding can be enlightened, although his will is in evil; for the intellectual faculty is separated from the voluntary faculty in the case of all those who are not regenerated; but these two faculties act as one only in those who are regenerated; for it is the office of the understanding to know, to think, and to speak truths, but that of the will, to will the things that are understood, and from the will or love to do them. The disagreement between these faculties is quite manifest with evil spirits; for when such are turned towards good spirits they even understand truths, and also acknowledge them, almost as if they were enlightened; but as soon as they turn themselves from them, they return to the love of their will, and see nothing of truth; indeed, they even deny the things that they had heard (as may be seen in the work, Heaven and Hell 153, 424, 455).

[7] The possibility of having his understanding enlightened has been granted to man for the sake of reformation. For in man's will dwells every kind of evil, both that into which he is born, and that into which he comes of himself; and the will cannot be amended unless man knows, and by the understanding acknowledges, truths and goods, and also evils and falsities, otherwise he cannot turn away from the latter and love the former. (More may be seen concerning the will and the understanding in The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem 28-35.)

  
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Translation by Isaiah Tansley. Many thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

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Arcana Coelestia#680

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680. The fact that goods and truths are man's real food may be clear to anyone, for the person who is deprived of them has no life within himself, and is a dead man. The food on which the soul of the person feeds who is dead in this sense consists of the delights arising from evils, and of the pleasures gained from falsities. These are the food of death. These delights and pleasures also derive from bodily, worldly, and natural things, which have no life at all within them. Furthermore such a person does not know what spiritual and celestial food is. Every time 'food' or 'bread' is mentioned in the Word he assumes that food for the body is meant. In the words of the Lord's Prayer, 'Give us our daily bread', for example, he thinks purely of nourishment for the body. There are some whose ideas do extend further and who assert that this petition includes all other physical requirements, such as clothing, money, and so on. Indeed they will argue fiercely that no other kind of food is meant, even though they clearly see that the petitions coming before and after it entail purely celestial and spiritual things, and refer to the Lord's kingdom, and possibly know as well that the Lord's Word is celestial and spiritual.

[2] From this and other similar considerations it becomes sufficiently clear just how bodily-minded the man of today is, and that like the Jews, he is unwilling to accept anything stated in the Word except in a very crude and materialistic way. The Lord Himself clearly teaches what His Word means by 'food' and 'bread': He speaks of food in John as follows,

Jesus said, Do not labour for the food which perishes, but for the food which endures to eternal life, which the Son of Man gives you. John 6:27.

And of bread He says in the same gospel,

Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, and they died. This is the bread which comes down from heaven, that a man may eat of it and not die. I am the living Bread which came down from heaven. If anyone eats of this Bread he will live for ever. John 6:49-51, 58.

Even today there are people who, like those who first heard these words, declare,

This is a hard saying; who can listen to it? And some drew back and no longer walked with Him. John 6:60, 66.

To those people the Lord said,

The words which I speak to you, they are spirit and they are life. John 6:63.

[3] It is similar with water, in that it means the spiritual things of faith: He speaks of water in John as follows,

Jesus said, Everyone who drinks of this water will thirst again, but he who drinks of the water that I shall give him will never thirst. But the water that I shall give him will become in him a spring of water welling up into eternal life. John 4:13-14.

Even today there are people like the woman to whom the Lord spoke at the spring, who replied,

Sir, give me this water that I may not thirst nor come here to draw. John 4:15.

[4] In the Word 'food' means nothing other than spiritual and celestial food, which is faith in the Lord and love. This is clear from many places in the Word, as in Jeremiah,

The enemy has stretched out his hand over all the desirable things of Jerusalem, because she saw the nations come into her sanctuary, concerning whom You did command, They shall not enter your congregation. All the people groan as they search for bread. They have given their desirable things for food to restore the soul. Lamentations 1:10-11.

Here no other bread or food is meant than spiritual, for the subject is the sanctuary. In the same author,

I called to my lovers, they deceived me. My priests and my elders breathed their last in the city, for they sought food for themselves to refresh their soul. Lamentations 1:19.

Here the meaning is similar. In David,

They all look to You to give them their food in due season. You givest to them - they gather it up. You openest Your hand - they are satisfied with good. Psalms 104:27-28.

This in like manner stands for spiritual and celestial food.

[5] In Isaiah,

Everyone who thirsts, come to the waters, and he who has no money, come, buy, and eat! Come, buy wine and milk without money and without price. Isaiah 55:1.

Here 'wine and milk' stands for spiritual and celestial drink. In the same prophet,

A virgin is conceiving and bearing a son, and you will call His name Immanuel. Butter and honey will He eat that He may know to refuse the evil and choose the good. It will be that because of the abundance of milk they produce he will eat butter, for butter and honey will everyone eat that is left in the midst of the land. Isaiah 7:14-15, 22.

Here 'eating honey and butter' means that which is celestial-spiritual, and 'those who are left' stands for remnants, which are referred to in Malachi as well,

Bring all the tithes 1 to the storehouse that there may be food in My house. Malachi 3:10.

'Tithes' 1 stands for remnants. Further concerning the meaning of 'food', see 56-58, 276.

脚注:

1. or tenths

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.