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Mooseksen kirja第4章

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1 "Ja nyt, Israel, kuule ne käskyt ja säädökset, jotka minä teille opetan, että seuraisitte niitä, eläisitte ja ottaisitte omaksenne sen maan, jonka Herra, teidän isienne Jumala, teille antaa.

2 Älkää lisätkö mitään siihen, mitä minä teille määrään, älkääkä ottako siitä mitään pois, vaan noudattakaa Herran, teidän Jumalanne, käskyjä, jotka minä teille annan.

3 Te olette omin silmin nähneet, mitä Herra teki Baal-Peorin asiassa, kuinka Herra, sinun Jumalasi, hävitti sinun keskuudestasi jokaisen, joka lähti kulkemaan Baal-Peorin perässä.

4 Mutta te, jotka riipuitte kiinni Herrassa, teidän Jumalassanne, te kaikki olette elossa vielä tänä päivänä.

5 Katso, minä olen opettanut teille käskyt ja säädökset, niinkuin Herra, minun Jumalani, on minua käskenyt, että seuraisitte niitä siinä maassa, jota te menette ottamaan omaksenne.

6 Noudattakaa ja seuratkaa niitä, sillä se on oleva teidän viisautenne ja ymmärryksenne kansojen silmissä. Kun he kuulevat kaikki nämä käskyt, sanovat he: 'Totisesti, viisas ja ymmärtäväinen kansa on tämä suuri kansa'.

7 Sillä onko toista suurta kansaa, jonka jumalat ovat sitä niin lähellä, kuin Herra, meidän Jumalamme, on lähellä meitä, niin usein kuin me häntä rukoilemme?

8 Ja onko toista suurta kansaa, jolla on niin vanhurskaat käskyt ja säädökset, kuin on koko tämä laki, jonka minä tänä päivänä teille annan?

9 Ole vain varuillasi ja ota itsestäsi tarkka vaari, ettet unhota, mitä omin silmin olet nähnyt, ja ettei se lähde sinun sydämestäsi koko elinaikanasi, vaan että ilmoitat sen lapsillesi ja lastesi lapsille:

10 mitä tapahtui sinä päivänä, jona seisoit Herran, sinun Jumalasi, edessä Hoorebilla, kun Herra sanoi minulle: 'Kokoa kansa, niin minä julistan heille sanani, että he oppisivat pelkäämään minua, niin kauan kuin elävät maan päällä, ja opettaisivat lapsensakin siihen'.

11 Ja te astuitte esille ja jäitte seisomaan vuoren juurelle, ja vuori paloi tulena, joka loimusi sisimpään taivaaseen asti pimeyden ja synkkien pilvien keskellä.

12 Ja Herra puhui teille tulen keskeltä. Sanat te kuulitte, mutta ette nähneet hänen muotoansa, kuulitte vain äänen.

13 Ja hän ilmoitti teille liittonsa, jonka hän käski teidän pitää, nimittäin ne kymmenen käskysanaa; ja hän kirjoitti ne kahteen kivitauluun.

14 Ja minun Herra silloin käski opettaa teille käskyt ja säädökset, että te seuraisitte niitä siinä maassa, jota te menette ottamaan omaksenne.

15 Ottakaa siis itsestänne tarkka vaari-sillä te ette sinä päivänä, jona Herra puhui teille tulen keskeltä Hoorebilla, nähneet hänestä minkäänkaltaista muotoa-

16 ettette menettele kelvottomasti ettekä tee itsellenne jumalankuvaa, ette minkään muotoista patsasta, ette miehen tai naisen kuvaa,

17 ette maan päällä liikkuvan nelijalkaisen eläimen kuvaa, ette taivaan alla lentävän siivekkään linnun kuvaa,

18 ette maassa matelevaisen kuvaa ettekä vesissä maan alla olevan kalan kuvaa;

19 ja ettet, kun nostat silmäsi taivasta kohti ja katselet aurinkoa ja kuuta ja tähtiä, kaikkea taivaan joukkoa, anna vietellä itseäsi kumartamaan ja palvelemaan niitä, sillä Herra, sinun Jumalasi, on jakanut ne kaikille muille kansoille koko taivaan alla.

20 Onhan Herra ottanut teidät ja vienyt pois rautapätsistä, Egyptistä, että teistä tulisi hänen perintökansansa, niinkuin nyt on tapahtunut.

21 Mutta Herra vihastui minuun teidän tähtenne ja vannoi, etten minä saa mennä Jordanin yli enkä tulla siihen hyvään maahan, jonka Herra, sinun Jumalasi, antaa sinulle perintöosaksi,

22 vaan että minä kuolen tässä maassa enkä mene Jordanin yli. Mutta te menette sen yli ja otatte tuon hyvän maan omaksenne.

23 Niin varokaa, ettette unhota Herran, teidän Jumalanne, liittoa, jonka hän on tehnyt teidän kanssanne, ettekä tee itsellenne jumalankuvaa, mitään sen muotoista kuvaa, jota Herra, sinun Jumalasi, on kieltänyt sinua tekemästä.

24 Sillä Herra, sinun Jumalasi, on kuluttava tuli, kiivas Jumala.

25 Kun sitten sinulle on syntynyt lapsia ja lasten lapsia ja te olette vanhentuneet maassa, ja jos te silloin menettelette kelvottomasti ja teette itsellenne jumalankuvan, minkämuotoisen kuvan hyvänsä, ja siten teette sitä, mikä on pahaa Herran, sinun Jumalasi, silmissä, ja vihoitatte hänet,

26 niin minä otan tänä päivänä taivaan ja maan todistajiksi teitä vastaan, että teidät äkkiä hävitetään siitä maasta, johon te menette Jordanin yli ottamaan sen omaksenne; te ette saa kauan elää siellä, vaan teidät tuhotaan kokonaan.

27 Ja Herra hajottaa teidät kansojen sekaan, ja ainoastaan vähäinen joukko teitä on jäävä niiden pakanakansojen keskelle, joiden tykö Herra teidät kuljettaa.

28 Ja siellä te palvelette jumalia, jotka ovat ihmiskätten tekoa, puuta ja kiveä, jotka eivät näe eivätkä kuule, eivät syö eivätkä hajua tunne.

29 Mutta sitten sinä siellä etsit Herraa, sinun Jumalaasi, ja sinä löydät hänet, kun kysyt häntä kaikesta sydämestäsi ja kaikesta sielustasi.

30 Kun olet ahdistuksessa ja kaikki tämä kohtaa sinua aikojen lopussa, niin sinä palajat Herran, sinun Jumalasi, tykö ja kuulet hänen ääntänsä.

31 Sillä Herra, sinun Jumalasi, on laupias Jumala. Hän ei jätä sinua eikä hukuta sinua; hän ei unhota sinun isiesi kanssa tekemäänsä liittoa, jonka hän on heille valalla vahvistanut.

32 Sillä kysy menneiltä ajoilta, jotka ovat olleet ennen sinua, alkaen siitä päivästä, jona Jumala loi ihmiset maan päälle, kysy taivaan äärestä toiseen: onko koskaan mitään näin suurta tapahtunut, tai onko mitään tällaista ikinä kuultu?

33 Onko mikään kansa kuullut Jumalan äänen puhuvan tulen keskeltä, niinkuin sinä olet kuullut, ja kuitenkin jäänyt elämään?

34 Tahi onko mikään jumala koettanut mennä ottamaan itsellensä kansaa toisen kansan keskuudesta koettelemuksilla, tunnusteoilla ja ihmeillä, sodalla, väkevällä kädellä ja ojennetulla käsivarrella ja suurilla, peljättävillä teoilla, minkä kaiken Herra, teidän Jumalanne, on tehnyt teille Egyptissä, sinun silmiesi edessä?

35 Sinun on annettu se nähdä, tietääksesi, että Herra on Jumala, eikä muuta jumalaa ole kuin hän.

36 Taivaasta hän antoi sinun kuulla äänensä opettaaksensa sinua, ja maan päällä hän antoi sinun nähdä suuren tulensa, ja sinä kuulit hänen sanansa tulen keskeltä.

37 Koska hän siis rakasti sinun isiäsi ja valitsi heidän jälkeläisensä itselleen ja itse suurella voimallaan vei sinut pois Egyptistä

38 karkoittaen sinun tieltäsi kansoja, suurempia ja väkevämpiä kuin sinä, ja tuoden sinut heidän maahansa antaakseen sen sinulle perintöosaksi, niinkuin nyt on tapahtunut,

39 niin tiedä siis tänä päivänä ja paina se sydämeesi, että Herra on Jumala ylhäällä taivaassa ja alhaalla maan päällä, eikä muuta jumalaa ole.

40 Noudata hänen säädöksiänsä ja käskyjänsä, jotka minä tänä päivänä sinulle annan, että sinä ja sinun lapsesi sinun jälkeesi menestyisitte ja että eläisit kauan siinä maassa, jonka Herra, sinun Jumalasi, antaa sinulle ainiaaksi."

41 Silloin Mooses erotti kolme kaupunkia tuolta puolelta Jordanin, auringon nousun puolelta,

42 että niihin voisi paeta tappaja, joka on tappanut toisen tahtomattaan ja häntä ennestään vihaamatta; paetkoon hän johonkin näistä kaupungeista, niin hän saa elää.

43 Ne olivat: ruubenilaisille Beser erämaassa, ylätasangolla; gaadilaisille Raamot Gileadissa ja manasselaisille Goolan Baasanissa.

44 Tämä on se laki, jonka Mooses antoi israelilaisille,

45 ja nämä ovat ne todistukset, käskyt ja oikeudet, jotka Mooses julisti israelilaisille, heidän lähdettyään Egyptistä,

46 tuolla puolella Jordanin, laaksossa, vastapäätä Beet-Peoria, Siihonin, amorilaisten kuninkaan, maassa, hänen, joka asui Hesbonissa ja jonka Mooses ja israelilaiset voittivat, lähdettyänsä Egyptistä.

47 Ja he ottivat omakseen hänen maansa ja Oogin, Baasanin kuninkaan, maan, kahden amorilaisten kuninkaan maat, jotka ovat tuolla puolella Jordanin, auringon nousuun päin,

48 alkaen Aroerista, joka on Arnonjoen rannalla, aina Sirjonin vuoreen, se on Hermoniin, saakka,

49 sekä koko Aromaan, tuolla puolella Jordanin, idän puolella, aina Aromaan mereen saakka, Pisgan rinteiden juurelle.

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#8588

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8588. 'And Meribah' means the essential nature of the complaining. This is clear from the consideration that in the original language Meribah means contention or wrangling, and 'wrangling' means complaining, 8563, 8566; and since also names mean the essential nature of something, 8587, 'Meribah' here means the essential nature of the complaining. As regards the specific temptation here and the essential nature of it, it should be recognized that those people are being described here who in temptations almost give in; that is to say, they complain against heaven, also against the Divine Himself, and at length almost cease to believe in God's providence. These things are meant in the internal sense by what has gone before and also by what follows in the present verse; they are the essential nature of the state of the temptation, meant by 'Massah', and the essential nature of the complaining in the temptation, meant by 'Meribah'. The fact that the latter is meant here by 'Meribah' is evident in David,

You called on Me in distress, and I rescued you; I answered you in the hiding place. I tested you by the waters of Meribah. Psalms 81:7.

[2] But the internal historical sense, in which the religious condition of the Israelite nation is the subject, describes the nature of their attitude towards Jehovah. It was such that when they asked Him for aid they refused to plead for it, and instead demanded it. The reason for this was that when they saw miracles their acknowledgement of Jehovah as the Supreme Deity did not exist in their heart, only on their lips. The fact that there was no acknowledgement of Him in their heart is perfectly clear from the Egyptian calf which they made for themselves and worshipped, saying that these were their gods, and also from their frequent apostasy, regarding which see 8301. These are the matters that the internal historical sense describes here; but the internal spiritual sense describes the essential nature of the temptation when those undergoing it are brought to the final phase before their deliverance.

[3] The fact that the character of the Israelite nation and their religious condition are described by their contending with Moses at Massah and Meribah is also clear in David,

Do not harden your heart as in Meribah, as in the day of Massah, in the wilderness, where your fathers tempted Me; they tempted Me, and saw My work. For forty years I loathed [that] generation, and said, They are a people who err in their heart and have not known My ways, to whom I swore in My anger, They shall not enter My rest. Psalms 95:8-11.

In Moses,

You shall not tempt Jehovah your God, as you tempted [Him] in Massah. Deuteronomy 6:16.

In the same author,

Furthermore in Taberah and in Massah and in Kibroth Hattaavah, you were rebels against Jehovah from the day I knew you. Deuteronomy 9:22, 24.

In the same author,

Of Levi he said, Your Thummim and your Urim shall be for the Holy Man (Vir) whom you tempted in Massah; you contended with Him at the waters of Meribah. Deuteronomy 33:8-9

'The Holy Man' here stands for the Lord, whom they tempted, and whom

Moses and Aaron 'did not honour as holy'.

[4] In the internal historical sense, in which the religious condition of the

Israelite nation is the subject, Moses and Aaron do not represent God's truth, but the religious condition of that nation, whose leaders and heads they were, 7041. Since that religious condition was such as has been mentioned above, it was declared to the two that they would not lead the people into the land of Canaan. This is stated in the Book of Numbers as follows,

Jehovah said to Moses and Aaron, Because you did not believe in Me and honour Me as holy in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore you will not bring this congregation into the land which I have given them. These are the waters of Meribah, because the children of Israel contended with Jehovah. Numbers 20:12-13; 27:14.

And in the same book,

Aaron will be gathered to his people, and will not enter the land which I have given to the children of Israel, because you rebelled against My word 1 at the waters of Meribah. Numbers 20:24.

The like is said of Moses at Deuteronomy 32:49-51.

[5] Among that nation representative worship of God was nevertheless established because representative worship could have been established among any nation that thought the outward things of worship were holy and venerated them in a virtually idolatrous manner. For a representative has no regard to the person who represents, only to the reality represented, 1361; and that nation was by disposition such, more than any other nation, that outward things devoid of anything internal were altogether venerated by them as being holy and Divine. They were such that they revered their fathers - Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and later on Moses and David - as demi-gods. In addition they venerated as being holy and Divine, and worshipped, every piece of stone or wood dedicated to their worship of God, such as the Ark, the tables there, the lampstand, the altar, Aaron's vestments, the Urim and Thummim, and later on the temple. By means of outward things such as these at that time communication of the angels of heaven with mankind was in the Lord's providence made possible; for the Church, or a representative of the Church, must exist somewhere, in order that heaven may be in communication with the human race. And since that nation more than any other could make Divine worship consist in outward things, and so could act as a representative of the Church, that nation was the one to be adopted.

[6] The communication with angels in heaven by means of representatives was effected at that time in the following way. People's outward worship was conveyed to angelic spirits who are simple and give no thought to inward values, though they are themselves nevertheless good inwardly. Such spirits are those who in the Grand Man correspond to the skin. They pay no attention at all to what is in a person inwardly, only to what is visible outwardly; and if this is seen by them to be holy they think that what is inward is so too. The more internal angels of heaven saw in these spirits the realities that were being represented, consequently the corresponding heavenly and Divine values; for they could reside with these spirits and see those values, but not with men, except through those spirits. Angels dwell with men in their inward values; but when no inward values are there, they dwell in the interiors of simple spirits; for the wisdom of angels extends only to spiritual and celestial values, which are the inward realities of representatives. From this brief explanation one may recognize how communication with heaven through such a people could be made possible. But see what has been shown already on this matter:

Among the Jews the holiness of their worship was carried up outside themselves into heaven in a miraculous fashion, 4307. The descendants of Jacob were able to represent what was holy, irrespective of what they were really like, provided that the religious observances which had been commanded were carried out precisely, 3147, 3479, 3480, 3881 (end), 4208, 4281, 4288, 4289, 4293, 4307, 4444, 4500, 4680, 4825, 4844, 4847, 4899, 4912, 6304, 6306, 7048, 7051, 8301 (end).

脚注:

1. literally, mouth

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#4843

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4843. 'To Tamar his daughter-in-law' means a Church representative of spiritual and celestial things, which is called 'a daughter-in-law' from truth. This is clear from the representation of 'Tamar' as a Church representative of spiritual and celestial things, dealt with above in 4831, and from the meaning of 'a daughter-in-law' as the spiritual element of the Church, which is truth. The reason 'a daughter-in-law' has this meaning in the internal sense is that everything connected with a marriage, and all persons who were the offspring of a marriage, represented the kinds of things that belong to the heavenly marriage, see above in 4837, and consequently the kinds of things that belong to good and truth since these are the two partners in the heavenly marriage. This is why in the Word 'husband' means good and 'wife' truth, and also why 'sons and daughters' means the forms of truth and good which are the offspring of these. Consequently, being the wife of a son who has now become a husband, 'a daughter-in-law' means the truth of the Church which has been joined to good, and so on. But the meaning is different in the case of those who belong to the celestial Church from that of those who belong to the spiritual Church; for in the spiritual Church the husband is called 'the men' and means truth, while the wife is called 'the woman' and means good, see above in 4823.

[2] As regards 'a daughter-in-law' in the internal sense of the Word meaning the truth of the Church linked to its good, and consequently in the contrary sense meaning the falsity of the Church linked to its evil, this may also be seen from places in the Word where the expression 'daughter-in-law' is used, as in Hosea,

They offer sacrifice on mountain-tops and burn incense on hills, under oak. and poplar, and hard oak, because its shade is good. Therefore your daughters commit whoredom, and your daughters-in-law commit adultery. Shall I not punish 1 your daughters, in that they commit whoredom and your daughters-in-law in that they commit adultery? Hosea 4:13-14.

This refers to the worship of evil and falsity, the worship of evil being meant by 'offering sacrifices on mountain-tops' and the worship of falsity by 'burning incense on hills'. A life of evil is meant by 'daughters committing whoredom', and the teaching of what is false from which a life of evil results is meant by 'daughters-in-law committing adultery'. As regards acts of adultery and whoredom in the Word meaning adulterations of what is good and falsifications of what is true, see 2466, 2727, 3399. 'Daughters-in-law' therefore stands here for affections for falsity.

[3] In Micah,

The great man utters the perversity of his soul. and he twists it out of shape. The best of them is like a brier, the upright like a thorn-bush. The son treats the father with contempt, the daughter rises up against her mother, the daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law; a man's enemies are those of his own household. Micah 7:3-4, 6.

This refers to falsity that is the offspring of evil and which exists with the Church in the last times when it has been laid waste, in the proximate sense as it existed with the Jewish Church. 'The daughter rises up against her mother' means that the affection for evil stands opposed to truth, and 'the daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law' that the affection for falsity stands opposed to good.

[4] Because the experience of a person undergoing temptations is of a similar nature to this - for in temptations a conflict takes place between evil and truth and between falsity and good, spiritual temptations being nothing else than experiences when the falsity and evil present in a person are laid waste - temptations or spiritual conflicts are described by the Lord in practically the same words,

Jesus said, Do not think that I have come to bring peace on earth; I have not come to bring peace, but a sword. For I have come to set a man against his father, and a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law; and a man's enemies will be these of his own household. Matthew 10:34-36, 38.

The words from the Prophet that are similar to these, quoted a little above them, meant the laying waste of the Church. But here the temptations of those who belong to the Church are meant, for, as has been stated, temptations are nothing else than experiences in which falsity and evil are laid waste or taken away. For this reason also temptations as well as vastations are meant and described by deluges and floods of waters, 705, 739, 756, 790. Here also therefore 'daughter against mother' means the affection for evil standing opposed to truth, and 'daughter-in-law against mother-in-law' the affection for falsity standing opposed to good. Now because the evils and falsities present with a person undergoing temptation exist inwardly, or are his own, they are called members of his own household in the words 'a man's enemies will be those of his own household'. The fact that temptations are described in this passage is evident from the Lord's saying that He had not come to bring peace on earth but a sword; for 'a sword' means truth engaged in conflict, and in the contrary sense falsity engaged in conflict, 2799, 4499. (Yet He did come to bring peace, John 14:27; 16:33.) The description of temptations in this passage is also clear from what the Lord goes on to say - 'He who does not take up his cross and follow after Me is not worthy of Me'.

[5] Similarly in Luke,

Do you think that I have come to give peace on earth? No, I tell you, but division; for from now on there will be in one house five divided, three against two, and two against three. Father will be divided against son and son against father, mother against daughter and daughter against mother, mother-in-law against her daughter-in-law and daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law. Luke 12:51-53.

From these words too it is evident that 'father', 'mother', 'son', 'daughter', 'daughter-in-law', and 'mother-in-law' mean the kinds of things that originate in the heavenly marriage, namely goods and truths in their own order, and also their opposites; as also in Mark,

Jesus said, There is no one who has forsaken house, or brothers, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or fields, for the sake of Me and of the Gospel, who will not receive a hundredfold, now in this time, houses and brothers and sisters and mothers and children and fields, with persecutions, and in the age to come eternal life. Mark 10:29-30.

Anyone unacquainted with the internal sense of the Word will think that 'house', 'brothers', 'sisters', 'father', 'mother', 'wife', 'children', and 'fields' mean house, brothers, sisters, father, mother, wife, children, and fields. But the meaning here is this: The kinds of things present in a person which are properly his own must be forsaken by him, and instead of these, spiritual and celestial things which are the Lord's must be received by him. This change is effected by means of temptations, which are meant here by 'persecutions'. Anyone can see that if he forsakes his mother he is not going to receive mothers, nor likewise to receive brothers and sisters by forsaking these.

脚注:

1. literally, visit

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.