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Genesis第22章

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1 Když pakty věci pominuly, zkusil Bůh Abrahama, a řekl k němu: Abrahame! Kterýžto odpověděl: Teď jsem.

2 I řekl: Vezmi nyní syna svého, toho jediného svého, kteréhož miluješ, Izáka, a jdi do země Moria; a obětuj ho tam v obět zápalnou na jedné hoře, o níž povím tobě.

3 Tedy vstav Abraham velmi ráno, osedlal osla svého a vzal dva služebníky své s sebou, a Izáka syna svého; a nasekav dříví k oběti zápalné, vstal a bral se k místu, o němž pověděl mu Bůh.

4 Třetího pak dne pozdvihl Abraham očí svých, a uzřel to místo zdaleka.

5 A řekl Abraham služebníkům svým: Pozůstaňte vy tuto s oslem, já pak a dítě půjdeme tamto; a pomodlíce se, navrátíme se k vám.

6 Tedy vzal Abraham dříví k zápalné oběti, a vložil je na Izáka syna svého; sám pak nesl v ruce své oheň a meč. I šli oba spolu.

7 Mluvě pak Izák Abrahamovi otci svému, řekl: Otče můj! Kterýž odpověděl: Co chceš, synu můj? A řekl: Aj, teď oheň a dříví, a kdež hovádko k zápalné oběti?

8 Odpověděl Abraham: Bůh opatří sobě hovádko k oběti zápalné,synu můj. A šli předce oba spolu.

9 A když přišli k místu, o němž mu byl mluvil Bůh, udělal tu Abraham oltář, a srovnal dříví; a svázav syna svého, vložil ho na oltář na dříví.

10 I vztáhl Abraham ruku svou, a vzal meč, aby zabil syna svého.

11 Tedy zavolal na něho anděl Hospodinův s nebe a řekl: Abrahame, Abrahame! Kterýžto odpověděl: Aj, já.

12 I řekl jemu: Nevztahuj ruky své na dítě, aniž mu co čiň; neboť jsem již poznal, že se Boha bojíš, když jsi neodpustil synu svému, jedinému svému pro mne.

13 A pozdvih Abraham očí svých, viděl, a hle, skopec za ním vězel v trní za rohy své. I šel Abraham a vzal skopce toho, a obětoval jej v obět zápalnou místo syna svého.

14 A nazval Abraham jméno místa toho: Hospodin opatří. Odkudž říká se do dnes: Na hoře Hospodinově opatří se.

15 Zvolal pak anděl Hospodinův na Abrahama podruhé s nebe,

16 A řekl: Skrze sebe samého přisáhl jsem, praví Hospodin, poněvadž jsi učinil tu věc, že jsi neodpustil synu svému, jedinému svému:

17 Požehnám velmi tobě, a velice rozmnožím símě tvé jako hvězdy nebeské, a jako písek, kterýž jest na břehu mořském; nadto dědičně vládnouti bude símě tvé branami nepřátel svých.

18 Ano požehnáni budou v semeni tvém všickni národové země, proto že jsi uposlechl hlasu mého.

19 Tedy navrátil se Abraham k služebníkům svým; a vstavše, šli spolu do Bersabé; nebo bydlil Abraham v Bersabé.

20 A když se tyto věci staly, zvěstováno jest Abrahamovi v tato slova: Aj, porodila také Melcha syny Náchorovi, bratru tvému:

21 Husa prvorozeného svého, a Buza bratra jeho, a Chamuele, otce Aramova;

22 A Kazeda a Azana, a Feldasa, a Jidlafa i Bathuele.

23 Bathuel pak zplodil Rebeku. Osm těchto porodila Melcha Náchorovi, bratru Abrahamovu.

24 Ale i ženina jeho, jejíž jméno bylo Réma, porodila také ona Tábe a Gahama, Thása a Máchu.

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#921

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921. 'Noah built an altar to Jehovah' means a representative of the Lord. This is clear from what has been stated just above. All the religious observances of the Ancient Church were representative of the Lord, as also were those of the Jewish Church. But the chief representative in later times was the altar, and also the burnt offering, which, because it was made from clean beasts and clean birds, represented the same as that of which it was the meaningful sign. Clean beasts represented goods that stem from charity, and clean birds the truths of faith. And when offering these, members of the Ancient Church meant that they were offering gifts of those goods or truths to the Lord. Nothing else can be offered up to the Lord that will please Him. But their descendants, like the gentiles, and also the Jews, corrupted these offerings, for they did not even know that these had such a meaning. They confined worship solely to things of an external nature.

[2] That the altar was the chief representative of the Lord becomes clear also from the consideration that there were altars even among gentiles before all the other religious observances were established, before the Ark [of the Covenant] was made, and before the Temple was built. This is clear from Abram's going on to the mountain east of Bethel, erecting an altar, and calling on the name of Jehovah, Genesis 12:8; from his being commanded to offer Isaac as a burnt offering on an altar, Genesis 22:2, 9, from Jacob's building an altar in Luz, which was Bethel, Genesis 35:6-7; and from Moses' building an altar at the foot of Mount Sinai and offering sacrifice, Exodus 24:4-6. Each of these events took place before the establishment of the sacrificial system and before the construction of the Ark, the place where worship was at a later time celebrated in the wilderness. The fact that gentiles too had altars is clear from what is said about Balaam telling Balak to build seven altars and to prepare seven young bulls and seven rams, Numbers 23:1-7, 15-18, 29-30, and also from the command to destroy the altars of the nations, as in Deuteronomy 7:5; Judges 2:2. Consequently Divine worship involving the use of altars and sacrifices was not something new when it was established among the Jews. Indeed men were building altars, especially those for commemorative purposes, before they ever knew of immolating young bulls and other animals on them.

[3] That 'altars' means a representative of the Lord, and 'burnt offerings' consequent worship of Him, is quite clear from the Prophets and also in Moses where Levi to whom the priesthood was entrusted is the subject,

They will teach Jacob Your judgements and Israel Your law. They will put incense in Your nostrils, and whole (burnt offering) upon Your altar. Deuteronomy 33:10.

This stands for the whole of worship. 'Teaching Jacob His judgements, and Israel His law' stands for internal worship, while 'putting incense in His nostrils, and whole [burnt offering] on the altar' stands for corresponding external worship, and so for the whole of worship. In Isaiah,

On that day a man will look to his Maker and his eyes will regard the Holy One of Israel. And he will not look to the altars, the work of his hands. Isaiah 17:7-8.

Here 'looking to the altars' clearly means representative worship in general, which was to be abolished. In the same prophet,

On that day there will be an altar to Jehovah in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar at its border to Jehovah. Isaiah 19:19.

Here too 'altar' stands for external worship.

[4] In Jeremiah,

The Lord has abandoned His altar, He has abhorred His sanctuary. Lamentations 2:7.

'Altar' stands for representative worship which had become idolatrous. In Hosea,

Ephraim has multiplied altars for sinning, they have been to him altars for sinning. Hosea 8:11.

'Altars' here stands for all representative worship separated from internal, and so stands for what is idolatrous. In the same prophet,

The high places of Aven, the sin of Israel, will be destroyed. Thorn and thistle will grow up on their altars. Hosea 10:8.

Here too 'altars' stands for idolatrous worship. In Amos,

On the day I visit Israel for his transgressions, I will visit the altars of Bethel, and the horns of the altar will be cut off. Amos 3:14.

Here also 'altars' stands for representative worship that had become idolatrous.

[5] In David,

They will bring me to Your holy mountain, and to Your dwellings! Then I will go in to the altar of God, to God my exceeding joy. Psalms 43:3-4.

Here 'altar' clearly stands for the Lord. So the making of an altar in the Ancient and the Jewish Churches stood for a representative of the Lord. Because worship of the Lord was carried out principally by means of burnt offerings and sacrifices, and these principally meant representative worship, it is clear that the altar itself means representative worship itself.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

圣经文本

 

Exodus第25章

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1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,

2 "Speak to the children of Israel, that they take an offering for me. From everyone whose heart makes him willing you shall take my offering.

3 This is the offering which you shall take from them: gold, silver, brass,

4 blue, purple, scarlet, fine linen, goats' hair,

5 rams' skins dyed red, sea cow hides, acacia wood,

6 oil for the light, spices for the anointing oil and for the sweet incense,

7 onyx stones, and stones to be set for the ephod and for the breastplate.

8 Let them make me a sanctuary, that I may dwell among them.

9 According to all that I show you, the pattern of the tabernacle, and the pattern of all of its furniture, even so you shall make it.

10 "They shall make an ark of acacia wood. Its length shall be two and a half cubits, its breadth a cubit and a half, and a cubit and a half its height.

11 You shall overlay it with pure gold. You shall overlay it inside and outside, and you shall make a gold molding around it.

12 You shall cast four rings of gold for it, and put them in its four feet. Two rings shall be on the one side of it, and Two rings on the other side of it.

13 You shall make poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold.

14 You shall put the poles into the rings on the sides of the ark to carry the ark.

15 The poles shall be in the rings of the ark. They shall not be taken from it.

16 You shall put the testimony which I shall give you into the ark.

17 You shall make a mercy seat of pure gold. Two and a half cubits shall be its length, and a cubit and a half its breadth.

18 You shall make two cherubim of hammered gold. You shall make them at the two ends of the mercy seat.

19 Make one cherub at the one end, and one cherub at the other end. You shall make the cherubim on its two ends of one piece with the mercy seat.

20 The cherubim shall spread out their wings upward, covering the mercy seat with their wings, with their faces toward one another. The faces of the cherubim shall be toward the mercy seat.

21 You shall put the mercy seat on top of the ark, and in the ark you shall put the testimony that I will give you.

22 There I will meet with you, and I will tell you from above the mercy seat, from between the two cherubim which are on the ark of the testimony, all that I command you for the children of Israel.

23 "You shall make a table of acacia wood. Two cubits shall be its length, and a cubit its breadth, and one and a half cubits its height.

24 You shall overlay it with pure gold, and make a gold molding around it.

25 You shall make a rim of a handbreadth around it. You shall make a golden molding on its rim around it.

26 You shall make four rings of gold for it, and put the rings in the four corners that are on its four feet.

27 the rings shall be close to the rim, for places for the poles to carry the table.

28 You shall make the poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold, that the table may be carried with them.

29 You shall make its dishes, its spoons, its ladles, and its bowls to pour out offerings with. You shall make them of pure gold.

30 You shall set bread of the presence on the table before me always.

31 "You shall make a lampstand of pure gold. Of hammered work shall the lampstand be made, even its base, its shaft, its cups, its buds, and its flowers, shall be of one piece with it.

32 There shall be six branches going out of its sides: three branches of the lampstand out of its one side, and three branches of the lampstand out of its other side;

33 three cups made like almond blossoms in one branch, a bud and a flower; and three cups made like almond blossoms in the other branch, a bud and a flower, so for the six branches going out of the lampstand;

34 and in the lampstand four cups made like almond blossoms, its buds and its flowers;

35 and a bud under two branches of one piece with it, and a bud under two branches of one piece with it, and a bud under two branches of one piece with it, for the six branches going out of the lampstand.

36 Their buds and their branches shall be of one piece with it, all of it one beaten work of pure gold.

37 You shall make its lamps seven, and they shall light its lamps to give light to the space in front of it.

38 Its snuffers and its snuff dishes shall be of pure gold.

39 It shall be made of a talent of pure gold, with all these accessories.

40 See that you make them after their pattern, which has been shown to you on the mountain.

   

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