De Bijbel

 

Exodo 22

Studie

   

1 Kung ang isang lalake ay magnakaw ng isang baka, o ng isang tupa at patayin, o ipagbili: ay kaniyang pagbabayaran ng limang baka ang isang baka, at ng apat na tupa ang isang tupa.

2 Kung ang isang magnanakaw ay masumpungan, na naninira, at masaktan na ano pa't namatay ay hindi aariing mamamataytao ang pumatay.

3 Kung sikatan siya ng araw, ay aariin siyang mamamataytao; siya'y dapat magsauli ng kabayaran: kung siya'y wala ay ipagbibili siya dahil sa kaniyang ninakaw.

4 Kung ang ninakaw ay masumpungang buhay sa kaniyang kamay, maging baka, o asno, o tupa, ay magbabayad siya ng ibayo.

5 Kung ang sinoman ay magpastol sa isang bukid, o sa isang ubasan, at pawalan ang kaniyang hayop at pastulin sa bukid ng iba; sa pinakamainam sa kaniyang sariling parang, at sa pinakamainam sa kaniyang sariling ubasan, ay sasaulian niya.

6 Kung may magningas na apoy, at magtangay ng mga tinik, na ano pa't ang mga mandala, o ang mga uhay, o ang bukid ay masunog, ay tunay na magbabayad yaong nagpaningas ng apoy.

7 Kung ang sinoman ay magpatago sa kaniyang kapuwa ng salapi o pag-aari, at nakawin sa bahay ng taong yaon; kung masumpungan ang magnanakaw, ay magbabayad ng ibayo.

8 Kung hindi masumpungan ang magnanakaw, ay lalapit ang may-ari ng bahay sa Dios, upang maalaman kung hindi niya pinakialaman ang pag-aari ng kaniyang kapuwa.

9 Sapagka't lahat ng bagay na pagsalangsang, maging sa baka, sa asno, sa tupa, sa damit, o sa anomang bagay na nawala, na may magsabi, Ito nga ay akin; ay dadalhin sa harap ng Dios ang usap ng dalawa; yaong parurusahan ng Dios ay magbabayad ng ibayo sa kaniyang kapuwa.

10 Kung ang sinoman ay maghabilin sa kaniyang kapuwa ng isang asno, o ng isang baka, o ng isang tupa, o ng anomang hayop; at mamatay, o masasaktan, o maagaw, na walang nakakakitang sinoman:

11 Ay pamamagitanan silang dalawa ng pagsumpa sa Panginoon kung hindi niya pinakialaman ang pag-aari ng kaniyang kapuwa; at tatanggapin ng may-ari, at siya'y hindi magsasauli.

12 Datapuwa't kung kaniyang ninakaw sa kaniya ay sasaulian niya ang may-ari niyaon.

13 Kung nalapa ay dadalhing pinakapatotoo, at hindi sasaulian ang nalapa.

14 At kung ang sinoman ay humiram ng anoman sa kaniyang kapuwa, at masaktan, o mamatay, na hindi kaharap ang may-ari, ay walang pagsala na siya'y magsasauli.

15 Kung ang may-ari niyaon ay kaharap, ay hindi niya sasaulian; kung isang bagay na pinauupahan ay ihuhulog sa kaniyang kaupahan.

16 At kung dayain ng isang lalake ang isang dalaga, na hindi pa niya nagiging asawa at kaniyang sipingan, ay tunay na kaniyang ipagbabayad ng bigay-kaya upang maging asawa niya.

17 Kung itangging mainam ng kaniyang ama na ibigay sa kaniya, ay magbabayad siya ng salapi, ayon sa bigay-kaya sa mga dalaga.

18 Huwag mong babatahing mabuhay ang isang babaing manggagaway.

19 Sinomang makiapid sa isang hayop ay papataying walang pagsala.

20 Yaong maghain sa anomang dios, maliban sa Panginoon lamang, ay lubos na papatayin.

21 At ang taga ibang lupa ay huwag mong aapihin, o pipighatiin man; sapagka't kayo'y naging taga ibang lupa sa lupain ng Egipto.

22 Huwag mong papagdadalamhatiin ang sinomang babaing bao, o ulila.

23 Kung iyong dalamhatiin sila sa anomang paraan, at sila'y dumaing sa akin, ay walang pagsala, na aking didinggin ang kanilang daing;

24 At ang aking pagiinit ay magaalab, at aking papatayin kayo ng tabak; at ang inyong mga asawa ay magiging mga bao, at ang inyong mga anak ay mga ulila.

25 Kung magpautang ka ng salapi sa kanino man sa aking bayan na kasama mo na dukha, huwag kang magpapakamanunubo sa kaniya ni hihingan mo man siya ng tubo.

26 Kung iyong tanggapin sa anoman ang damit ng iyong kapuwa na pinakasangla, ay iyong isasauli sa kaniya bago lumubog ang araw;

27 Sapagka't iyan ang kaniya lamang pangbihis, siyang kaniyang pangdamit sa kaniyang balat: ano ngang kaniyang ipangtutulog? at mangyayari, na pagka siya'y dumaing sa akin, ay aking didinggin; sapagka't ako'y mapagbiyaya.

28 Huwag mong lalapastanganin ang Dios, ni susumpain man ang pinuno sa iyong bayan.

29 Huwag kang magmamakupad ng paghahandog ng iyong mga ani, at ng tulo ng iyong mga pigaan. Ang panganay sa iyong mga anak na lalake ay ibibigay mo sa akin.

30 Gayon din ang gagawin mo sa iyong mga baka, at sa iyong mga tupa: pitong araw na mapapa sa kaniyang ina; sa ikawalong araw ay ibibigay mo sa akin.

31 At kayo'y magpapakabanal na tao sa akin: na ano pa't huwag kayong kakain ng anomang laman, na nalapa ng ganid sa parang; inyong ihahagis sa mga asno.

   

Van Swedenborgs Werken

 

Arcana Coelestia #9167

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9167. '[To see] whether or not its owner has put his hand into his companion's property and taken it' means being joined together under [the influence of] good. This is clear from the meaning of 'whether or not he has put a hand into his companion's property' - when said in reference to truth and good, exterior and interior - as whether these have entered into it, dealt with above in 9155, thus whether those things have been joined together under [the influence of] good (as regards being joined together under [the influence of] good, see 9154); and from the meaning of 'owner' or 'master' as good, dealt with in 9154, so that 'whether or not its owner has taken it' means whether good has made those things its own by being joined to them. The reason why 'owner' means good is that with a spiritual person good occupies the first place and truth the second; and that which occupies first place is the owner. Furthermore the character of the good determines the way in which all the truths present with a person are arranged, as a house by the owner or 'lord'. 1

[2] This explains why 'lord' in the Word is used to mean the Lord in respect of Divine Good, and 'god', 'king', and 'master' to mean the Lord in respect of Divine Truth, as in Moses,

Jehovah your God, He is God of gods, and Lord of lords. Deuteronomy 10:17.

In John,

The Lamb will overcome them, for He is Lord of lords, and King of kings. Revelation 17:14.

In the same book,

He has on His robe and on His thigh the name written, King of kings and Lord of lords. Revelation 19:16.

The fact that the Lord is called 'God' in respect of Divine Truth, see 2586, 2769, 2807, 2822, 4402, 7268, 8988, and also that He is called 'King' in respect of Divine Truth, 2015 (end), 3009, 3670, 4581, 4966, 5068, 6148. And from this it is evident that the Lord is called 'Lord' in respect of Divine Good; for when truth is referred to in the Word, good as well is referred to, 683, 793, 801, 2516, 2618, 2712, 2803, 3004, 4138 (end), 5138, 5502, 6343, 8339 (end). In John,

You call Me Master and Lord, and you are right, for so I am. I your Lord and Master have washed your feet. John 13:13-14.

Here again the Lord is called 'Lord' by virtue of Divine Good, and 'Master' by virtue of Divine Truth. In Malachi,

Suddenly there will come to His temple the Lord whom you are seeking, and the angel of the covenant in whom you delight. Malachi 3:1.

In these words which refer to the Lord's Coming He is called 'the Lord' by virtue of Divine Good, and 'the angel' by virtue of Divine Truth, 1925, 2821, 3039, 4085, 4295, 6280.

[3] This explains why in the Old Testament when people entreat the Lord they very often say Lord Jehovih, by which 'O Good Jehovah' is meant, 1793, 2921, and why in the New Testament the name Lord is used instead of Jehovah, 2921. From all this one can also see what the following words in Matthew are used to mean,

No one can serve two lords, for either he will hate the one and love the other ... Matthew 6:24.

'Two lords' are good and evil. For a person must be governed by good or else by evil; he cannot be governed by both simultaneously. Many truths can reside with him, but they are truths arranged under the influence of one good. Good constitutes heaven with a person, whereas evil constitutes hell. He must have heaven within himself or hell, not both, or something half-way in between. All this now shows what 'lord' or 'owner' is used to mean in the Word.

Voetnoten:

1. The Latin word rendered owner is dominus, which in other contexts is usually rendered lord. The phrase also involves a play on words which might be rendered as a house by a householder (sicut a domino domus).

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

Van Swedenborgs Werken

 

Arcana Coelestia #4295

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4295. 'And Jacob asked and said, Tell me, I pray, your name' means the angelic heaven and the nature of that heaven. This becomes clear from the representation of Jacob' as the Lord's Divine Natural, dealt with already, and from the meaning of 'God' whose name he asked for, and also of 'men', with whom he contended as a prince and prevailed, as truths and goods, and so as those who are governed by truths and goods, dealt with above in 4287. And since the angelic heaven is heaven by virtue of truths and goods it is that heaven specifically which is meant by God and men with whom the Lord prevailed. Angels are also sometimes called 'gods' in the Word, it being by virtue of truths and goods that they are called such, as in David,

God stands in the assembly of God, in the midst of the gods will He judge. I said, You are gods, and sons of the Most High, all of you. Psalms 82:1, 6.

Here it is quite plain that 'the assembly of God' and 'the gods' are the angelic heaven. In the same author,

Who in the sky will be compared to Jehovah? Who will be likened to Jehovah among the sons of gods? Psalms 89:6.

In the same author,

Confess the God of gods; confess the Lord of lords Psalms 136:2-3.

From these quotations it is evident - as it is also from the fact that no one can contend as a prince with God and prevail, and likewise from the fact that the one who is called a god was unwilling to reveal his name - that it was the angelic heaven with which the Lord fought. It is quite plain from the actual words themselves 'Why is it that you ask my name?' that an arcanum lies within them, for if he had been Jehovah God he would not have concealed his name. Nor would Jacob have asked 'What is your name?' for asking the name implies some person or persons other than God Himself.

[2] The truth that the Lord at length fought with actual angels, indeed with the whole angelic heaven, is an arcanum which has not been disclosed up to now. But the implications of this are as follows: Angels do indeed possess supreme wisdom and intelligence, yet all their wisdom and intelligence comes to them from the Lord's Divine. They have no wisdom or intelligence at all that originates in themselves, that is, in their proprium. Therefore it is only insofar as they are governed by truths and goods received from the Lord's Divine that they are wise and intelligent. The fact that angels have no wisdom or intelligence at all originating in themselves they themselves openly confess. Indeed they are also quite angry if anyone attributes to them any wisdom or intelligence at all, for they know and perceive that it would be taking away from the Divine that which is His and it would be claiming for themselves that which is not theirs, and so would be engaging in the crime of spiritual theft. Angels also say that their entire proprium consists in evil and falsity, both because of their heredity and also because of their own conduct in the world when they were men, 1880. Nor, they say, is evil or falsity separated - that is, wiped away - from them, whereby they are made righteous; rather, the whole of it remains with them, though the Lord withholds them from that evil and falsity and keeps them in good and truth, 1581. These things are confessed by every angel, and no one is allowed into heaven if he does not know and believe them. For otherwise they cannot dwell in the light of wisdom and intelligence coming from the Lord, nor consequently in good and truth. From this one can also know how the words in Job 15:15 stating that heaven is not pure in the eyes of God are to be understood.

[3] This being so, in order that the Lord might bring the whole of heaven into proper heavenly order, He even allowed angels into Himself to tempt Him, who, insofar as they acted from their proprium, did not do so from good and truth. These temptations are the inmost of all, for they go to work solely on the ends one has in view and with a subtlety such as can by no means be detected. But insofar as angels do not act from their proprium they act from good and truth and are unable to tempt anyone. What is more, angels are being perfected constantly by the Lord, and yet their perfection cannot ever reach the point when their wisdom and intelligence can be compared with the Lord's Divine wisdom and intelligence, since they are finite whereas the Lord is Infinite, and no comparison of finite with Infinite is possible. From all this one may now see what 'God with whom Jacob contended as a prince' is used to mean, and also why he was unwilling to reveal his name.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.