De Bijbel

 

Dommernes 9

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1 Og Abimelek, Jerubba'als sønn, drog til Sikem, til sin mors brødre; og han talte til dem og til hele sin morfars slekt og sa:

2 Tal til alle Sikems menn og si: Hvad er best for eder, at sytti menn, alle Jerubba'als sønner, hersker over eder, eller at én mann hersker over eder? Og kom i hu at jeg er av samme kjød og blod som I!

3 Da sa hans mors brødre alt dette om ham til alle Sikems menn; og deres hu vendte sig til Abimelek, for de tenkte: Han er jo vår bror.

4 Så gav de ham sytti sekel sølv fra Ba'al-Berits tempel; for dem leide Abimelek nogen løse og frekke menn, og de fulgte ham.

5 Og han kom til sin fars hus i Ofra og slo ihjel sine brødre, Jerubba'als sønner, sytti mann på én sten; men Jotam, Jerubba'als yngste sønn, blev igjen, for han hadde skjult sig.

6 Da samlet alle Sikems menn sig og alle de som bodde i Millo*, og de gikk avsted og gjorde Abimelek til konge ved minnesmerkets ek i Sikem**. / {* Sikems borg, DM 9, 46.} / {** JOS 24, 25. 26.}

7 Da Jotam fikk vite dette, gikk han op på toppen av Gerisim-fjellet; der stod han og ropte høit og sa til dem: Hør på mig, I Sikems menn! Så skal Gud høre på eder.

8 Det hendte engang at trærne vilde salve sig en konge, og de sa til oljetreet: Vær konge over oss!

9 Men oljetreet sa til dem: Skulde jeg gi avkall på min fedme, som Gud og mennesker ærer mig for, og gi mig til å svaie over trærne?

10 Da sa trærne til fikentreet: Kom du og vær konge over oss!

11 Men fikentreet sa til dem: Skulde jeg gi avkall på min sødme og min gode frukt og gi mig til å svaie over trærne?

12 Da sa trærne til vintreet: Kom du og vær konge over oss!

13 Men vintreet sa til dem: Skulde jeg gi avkall på min most, som gleder Gud og mennesker, og gi mig til å svaie over trærne?

14 Da sa alle trærne til tornebusken: Kom du og vær konge over oss!

15 Og tornebusken sa til trærne: Dersom det er eders opriktige mening at I vil salve mig til konge over eder, da kom og søk ly i min skygge! Men hvis ikke, da skal det utgå ild fra tornebusken og fortære Libanons sedertrær.

16 Så hør nu: Dersom I har gått opriktig og ærlig frem ved å gjøre Abimelek til konge, og dersom I har gjort vel imot Jerubba'al og hans hus, og dersom I har gjengjeldt ham det han gjorde

17 dengang min far stred for eder og vågde sitt liv og frelste eder av midianittenes hånd

18 - men I har idag reist eder imot min fars hus og slått ihjel hans sønner, sytti mann på én sten, og gjort hans trælkvinnes sønn, Abimelek, til konge over Sikems menn, fordi han er eders bror -

19 dersom I nu idag har gått opriktig og ærlig frem imot Jerubba'al og hans hus, da gled eder over Abimelek, og da glede også han sig over eder!

20 Men hvis ikke, da gå det ut ild fra Abimelek og fortære Sikems borgere og dem som bor i Millo, og ild fra Sikems menn og fra dem som bor i Millo, og fortære Abimelek.

21 Så tok Jotam flukten, og han undkom og drog til Be'er; der slo han sig ned, så han kunde være i sikkerhet for sin bror Abimelek.

22 Abimelek regjerte over Israel i tre år.

23 Da sendte Gud en ond ånd, som satte splid mellem Abimelek og Sikems menn, og Sikems menn falt fra Abimelek.

24 Dette skjedde forat voldsgjerningen mot Jerubba'als sytti sønner skulde komme over Abimelek og deres blod hevnes på ham, deres bror, som hadde slått dem ihjel, og på Sikems menn, som hadde støttet ham, så han kunde slå sine brødre ihjel.

25 Og Sikems menn la folk på lur mot ham øverst oppe på fjellene, og de plyndret enhver som drog forbi dem på veien; dette blev sagt Abimelek.

26 kom Ga'al, Ebeds sønn, og hans brødre og drog inn i Sikem; og Sikems menn satte lit til ham.

27 De gikk ut på marken og høstet sine vingårder og perset druene og holdt gledesfest; så gikk de inn i sin guds hus og åt og drakk og bante Abimelek.

28 Og Ga'al, Ebeds sønn, sa: Hvem er Abimelek, og hvad er Sikem, at vi skulde tjene ham? Er han ikke Jerubba'als sønn, og Sebul hans foged? Tjen de menn som stammer fra Hemor*, Sikems far! Men hvorfor skulde vi tjene denne? / {* 1MO 34, 2.}

29 Hadde jeg bare dette folk i min hånd, så skulde jeg nok få Abimelek bort. Og han sa: Øk din hær, Abimelek, og dra ut!

30 Da Sebul, byens høvedsmann, hørte hvad Ga'al, Ebeds sønn, hadde sagt, optendtes hans vrede,

31 og han sendte hemmelig bud til Abimelek og lot si: Ga'al, Ebeds sønn, og hans brødre er kommet til Sikem, og de egger byen op imot dig.

32 Bryt nu op ved nattetid med de folk du har hos dig, og legg dig i bakhold på marken,

33 og tidlig imorgen, så snart solen står op, bryt da frem og overfall byen! Da vil han og de folk han har hos sig, dra ut mot dig, og du kan gjøre med ham som du får leilighet til.

34 Så brøt Abimelek op om natten med alle de folk han hadde hos sig, og de la sig i bakhold mot Sikem i fire hoper.

35 Nu kom Ga'al, Ebeds sønn, ut og stilte sig i byporten, og Abimelek og de folk han hadde hos sig, brøt frem fra bakholdet.

36 Da Ga'al så folkene, sa han til Sebul: Se, det kommer folk ned fra fjelltoppene! Men Sebul sa til ham: Det er skyggen av fjellene du tar for folk.

37 Men Ga'al sa atter: Jo, det kommer folk ned fra midtfjellet, og én hop kommer på veien som fører til trollmanns-eken.

38 Da sa Sebul til ham: Hvor er nu dine store ord, du som sa: Hvem er Abimelek, at vi skulde tjene ham? Der er jo de folk du foraktet! Gå nu ut og strid imot dem!

39 Da drog Ga'al ut, og Sikems menn fulgte ham, og de stred imot Abimelek.

40 Men Abimelek slo ham på flukt og forfulgte ham, og det blev et stort mannefall helt bort til byporten.

41 Og Abimelek gav sig til i Aruma, og Sebul drev Ga'al og hans brødre bort, så de ikke blev boende lenger i Sikem.

42 Den næste dag gikk folket ut på marken; det fikk Abimelek vite.

43 Da tok han og delte sine folk i tre hoper og la sig i bakhold på marken; og da han så at folket kom ut av byen, rykket han imot dem og slo dem.

44 Abimelek og de hoper som var med ham, overfalt byen og stilte sig i porten, og de to hoper overfalt alle dem som var på marken, og slo dem.

45 Og Abimelek stred imot byen hele den dag og inntok byen, og folket som var der, slo han ihjel; og han rev byen ned og strødde salt over den.

46 Da mennene i Sikems borg hørte det, gikk de alle inn i tårnet som hørte til El-Berits* tempel. / {* d.s.s. Ba'al-Berit; se DM 9, 4.}

47 Så snart det blev meldt Abimelek at alle mennene i Sikems borg hadde samlet sig,

48 gikk han op på Salmon-fjellet med alle de folk han hadde hos sig. Han tok en øks i hånden og hugg grener av trærne, tok dem op, la dem på skulderen og sa til de folk som var med ham: Skynd eder og gjør like ens som I så jeg gjorde!

49 Da hugg alle folkene også hver sin bør med grener og gikk efter Abimelek; så la de grenene opefter tårnet og satte med dem ild på tårnet. Således omkom alle innbyggerne i Sikems borg, omkring tusen, menn og kvinner.

50 Derefter drog Abimelek til Tebes, og han kringsatte byen og inntok den.

51 Midt i byen var det et fast tårn; dit flyktet alle menn og kvinner, alle borgerne i byen, og de stengte efter sig og steg op på tårnets tak.

52 kom Abimelek til tårnet og kringsatte det; han gikk nær til tårnets inngang for å sette ild på det.

53 Da var det en kvinne som kastet en kvernsten ned på hans hode og knuste hans hjerneskall.

54 Abimelek ropte i hast på svennen som bar hans våben, og sa til ham: Dra ditt sverd og drep mig, så de ikke skal si om mig: En kvinne slo ham ihjel! Så stakk svennen sverdet igjennem ham og han døde.

55 Da nu Israels menn sa at Abimelek var død, gikk de hver hjem til sitt.

56 Således gjengjeldte Gud all den ondskap som Abimelek gjorde mot sin far dengang han slo sine sytti brødre ihjel.

57 Og all den ondskap som Sikems menn hadde gjort, lot Gud komme tilbake over deres hode, og Jotams, Jerubba'als sønns forbannelse rammet dem.

   

Commentaar

 

Exploring the Meaning of Judges 9

Door New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Judges 9: Abimelech’s conspiracy, the parable of the trees, Abimelech’s downfall.

This chapter follows the story of Gideon’s many sons; he had seventy sons by his many wives, and also one other son, Abimelech, by a concubine. After Gideon’s death, Abimelech went to the men of Shechem, where his mother’s family lived, and asked them if they would rather be ruled by seventy sons, or by him. The men of Shechem agreed it would be better to have one king, so they gave him seventy pieces of silver from the temple of Baal. Using the silver, Abimelech hired men to come with him, and they killed the seventy sons of Gideon except the youngest, Jotham, who hid. Then they anointed Abimelech king.

When Jotham heard the news, he stood on the top of Mount Gerizim and taunted the men of Shechem with a parable. In his parable, the trees were searching for a king to lead them; they ask the olive, then the fig, then the vine to rule over them. Each refuses, because they do not want to give up their special purpose. Finally, the bramble agrees to lead them, but gives them the choice of either sheltering in its non-existent shade or being consumed by its own fire.

Jotham explained the parable, warning that Abimelech and the men of Shechem would more than likely tear each other down in the end. Then he fled to Beer to escape his brother’s vengeance.

After Abimelech had ruled Israel for three years, the Lord sent an evil spirit to spark ill-will between Abimelech and the men of Shechem. This evil spirit was meant to avenge the killing of Gideon’s seventy sons.

The rest of this chapter describes the city’s descent into chaos, illustrating the various manifestations of evil and falsity through many examples. Robbers were sent to ambush travellers in the mountains, the people of Shechem drunkenly cursed Abimelech in the temple of their god, and the tower of Shechem was burned, killing a thousand hiding in it. Finally, Abimelech lay siege to Thebez, and the people took shelter on the top of a tower there. When he tried to burn that tower, a woman hurled down a millstone to break Abimelech’s skull. In his final moments, Abimelech commanded his armourbearer to kill him with his sword, so that people would not say he was killed by a woman. All of these incidents depict the absolute corruption under Abimelech’s rule.

*****

The key to understanding this story is that Gideon’s son, Abimelech, is the son of a concubine, not a lawful wife. Spiritually speaking, a concubine stands for a love that has become distorted. A genuine love for someone is a love for sake of that other person, while a distorted love means loving someone for what we can get from them (see Swedenborg’s work, Divine Love and Wisdom 271[2], on the love of dominating for the sake of self-love).

The references to Gideon’s seventy sons stand for the enormity of Abimelech’s wrongdoing. The number ‘seven’ stands for something fully worked through, and seventy even more so.

Jotham’s parable presents three levels of pure love: the love of the Lord (the olive with its fragrant oil), the love of truth (the vine with its rich wine), and the love of use (the fig with its abundant seeds). The bramble, with its painful grip, stands for a love of evil and falsity (see Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 273).

The evil spirit sent by the Lord seems to show that God was punishing his own people, but that is only how things appear (Arcana Caelestia 1838). When we look deeper, we will realize that we are punished by our own evil actions, for evil breeds more evil and there is no rest for the wicked (see Isaiah 48:22). In regeneration, the process of breaking down the power of evil and false states in ourselves is called “vastation”. Once we have done the grueling work to minimize these influences over us, we can fully appreciate the joys of spiritual life (Arcana Caelestia 2694[2]).

Spiritually, an ambush depicts the way hell attacks our minds: without warning. Drunkenness and cursing a former ally stands for the abandonment of all values and integrity. The tower represents the pride which rises up in self-love and love of dominance, and beyond that, Abimelech’s aversion to being killed by a woman stands for the rejection of all that is good and true. Her millstone grinds corn to make it edible, in the same way that we must process truths to put them to use (see Swedenborg’s work, Apocalypse Explained 1182).

This powerful chapter shows the descent of evil into greater evils, until they become so consuming they have no vestige of good left, and no recognition of truth remaining. The final two verses state: “Thus God repaid the wickedness of Abimelech, which he had done to his father by killing his seventy brothers. And all the evil of the men of Shechem God returned on their own heads, and on them came the curse of Jotham the son of Gideon.”

De Bijbel

 

Judges 9

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1 Abimelech the son of Jerubbaal went to Shechem to his mother's brothers, and spoke with them, and with all the family of the house of his mother's father, saying,

2 "Please speak in the ears of all the men of Shechem, 'Is it better for you that all the sons of Jerubbaal, who are seventy persons, rule over you, or that one rule over you?' Remember also that I am your bone and your flesh."

3 His mother's brothers spoke of him in the ears of all the men of Shechem all these words: and their hearts inclined to follow Abimelech; for they said, "He is our brother."

4 They gave him seventy [pieces] of silver out of the house of Baal Berith, with which Abimelech hired vain and light fellows, who followed him.

5 He went to his father's house at Ophrah, and killed his brothers the sons of Jerubbaal, being seventy persons, on one stone: but Jotham the youngest son of Jerubbaal was left; for he hid himself.

6 All the men of Shechem assembled themselves together, and all the house of Millo, and went and made Abimelech king, by the oak of the pillar that was in Shechem.

7 When they told it to Jotham, he went and stood on the top of Mount Gerizim, and lifted up his voice, and cried, and said to them, "Listen to me, you men of Shechem, that God may Listen to you.

8 The trees went forth on a time to anoint a king over them; and they said to the olive tree, 'Reign over us.'

9 "But the olive tree said to them, 'Should I leave my fatness, with which by me they honor God and man, and go to wave back and forth over the trees?'

10 "The trees said to the fig tree, 'Come and reign over us.'

11 "But the fig tree said to them, 'Should I leave my sweetness, and my good fruit, and go to wave back and forth over the trees?'

12 "The trees said to the vine, 'Come and reign over us.'

13 "The vine said to them, 'Should I leave my new wine, which cheers God and man, and go to wave back and forth over the trees?'

14 "Then all the trees said to the bramble, 'Come and reign over us.'

15 "The bramble said to the trees, 'If in truth you anoint me king over you, then come and take refuge in my shade; and if not, let fire come out of the bramble, and devour the cedars of Lebanon.'

16 "Now therefore, if you have dealt truly and righteously, in that you have made Abimelech king, and if you have dealt well with Jerubbaal and his house, and have done to him according to the deserving of his hands

17 (for my father fought for you, and risked his life, and delivered you out of the hand of Midian:

18 and you have risen up against my father's house this day, and have slain his sons, seventy persons, on one stone, and have made Abimelech, the son of his female servant, king over the men of Shechem, because he is your brother);

19 if you then have dealt truly and righteously with Jerubbaal and with his house this day, then rejoice in Abimelech, and let him also rejoice in you:

20 but if not, let fire come out from Abimelech, and devour the men of Shechem, and the house of Millo; and let fire come out from the men of Shechem, and from the house of Millo, and devour Abimelech."

21 Jotham ran away, and fled, and went to Beer, and lived there, for fear of Abimelech his brother.

22 Abimelech was prince over Israel three years.

23 God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the men of Shechem; and the men of Shechem dealt treacherously with Abimelech:

24 that the violence done to the seventy sons of Jerubbaal might come, and that their blood might be laid on Abimelech their brother, who killed them, and on the men of Shechem, who strengthened his hands to kill his brothers.

25 The men of Shechem set an ambush for him on the tops of the mountains, and they robbed all who came along that way by them: and it was told Abimelech.

26 Gaal the son of Ebed came with his brothers, and went over to Shechem; and the men of Shechem put their trust in him.

27 They went out into the field, and gathered their vineyards, and trod [the grapes], and held festival, and went into the house of their god, and did eat and drink, and cursed Abimelech.

28 Gaal the son of Ebed said, "Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? Isn't he the son of Jerubbaal? and Zebul his officer? serve the men of Hamor the father of Shechem: but why should we serve him?

29 Would that this people were under my hand! Then I would remove Abimelech." He said to Abimelech, "Increase your army, and come out!"

30 When Zebul the ruler of the city heard the words of Gaal the son of Ebed, his anger was kindled.

31 He sent messengers to Abimelech craftily, saying, "Behold, Gaal the son of Ebed and his brothers are come to Shechem; and behold, they constrain the city [to take part] against you.

32 Now therefore, go up by night, you and the people who are with you, and lie in wait in the field:

33 and it shall be, that in the morning, as soon as the sun is up, you shall rise early, and rush on the city; and behold, when he and the people who are with him come out against you, then may you do to them as you shall find occasion."

34 Abimelech rose up, and all the people who were with him, by night, and they laid wait against Shechem in four companies.

35 Gaal the son of Ebed went out, and stood in the entrance of the gate of the city: and Abimelech rose up, and the people who were with him, from the ambush.

36 When Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul, "Behold, people are coming down from the tops of the mountains." Zebul said to him, "You see the shadow of the mountains as if they were men."

37 Gaal spoke again and said, "Behold, people are coming down by the middle of the land, and one company comes by the way of the oak of Meonenim."

38 Then Zebul said to him, "Now where is your mouth, that you said, 'Who is Abimelech, that we should serve him?' Isn't this the people that you have despised? Please go out now and fight with them."

39 Gaal went out before the men of Shechem, and fought with Abimelech.

40 Abimelech chased him, and he fled before him, and many fell wounded, even to the entrance of the gate.

41 Abimelech lived at Arumah: and Zebul drove out Gaal and his brothers, that they should not dwell in Shechem.

42 It happened on the next day, that the people went out into the field; and they told Abimelech.

43 He took the people, and divided them into three companies, and laid wait in the field; and he looked, and behold, the people came forth out of the city; He rose up against them, and struck them.

44 Abimelech, and the companies that were with him, rushed forward, and stood in the entrance of the gate of the city: and the two companies rushed on all who were in the field, and struck them.

45 Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took the city, and killed the people who were therein: and he beat down the city, and sowed it with salt.

46 When all the men of the tower of Shechem heard of it, they entered into the stronghold of the house of Elberith.

47 It was told Abimelech that all the men of the tower of Shechem were gathered together.

48 Abimelech went up to Mount Zalmon, he and all the people who were with him; and Abimelech took an axe in his hand, and cut down a bough from the trees, and took it up, and laid it on his shoulder: and he said to the people who were with him, "What you have seen me do, make haste, and do as I have done!"

49 All the people likewise each cut down his bough, and followed Abimelech, and put them at the base of the stronghold, and set the stronghold on fire on them; so that all the people of the tower of Shechem died also, about a thousand men and women.

50 Then went Abimelech to Thebez, and encamped against Thebez, and took it.

51 But there was a strong tower within the city, and there fled all the men and women, and all they of the city, and shut themselves in, and went up to the roof of the tower.

52 Abimelech came to the tower, and fought against it, and drew near to the door of the tower to burn it with fire.

53 A certain woman cast an upper millstone on Abimelech's head, and broke his skull.

54 Then he called hastily to the young man his armor bearer, and said to him, "Draw your sword, and kill me, that men not say of me, 'A woman killed him.' His young man thrust him through, and he died."

55 When the men of Israel saw that Abimelech was dead, they departed every man to his place.

56 Thus God requited the wickedness of Abimelech, which he did to his father, in killing his seventy brothers;

57 and all the wickedness of the men of Shechem did God requite on their heads: and on them came the curse of Jotham the son of Jerubbaal.