49. 3. “Spirit” means the life of those who have been regenerated, which is called spiritual life.

Jesus said, “Unless you have been born of water and the spirit you cannot enter the kingdom of God.” (John 3:5)

I will give you a new heart and a new spirit. I will put my spirit within you and cause you to walk in my statutes. (Ezekiel 36:26-27)

God will give a new heart and a new spirit. (Ezekiel 11:19)

Create a clean heart in me, O God, and renew a strong spirit within me. Bring back to me the joy of your salvation, and let a willing spirit uphold me. (Psalms 51:10-12)

Make yourselves a new heart and a new spirit. Why will you die, O house of Israel? (Ezekiel 18:31)

You send out your spirit, and they are created; you renew the face of the earth. (Psalms 104:30)

The hour is coming, and is now here, when true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and in truth. (John 4:23)

Jehovah God gives soul to the people and spirit to those who are walking on [the earth]. (Isaiah 42:5)

Jehovah forms the human spirit within us. (Zechariah 12:1)

With my soul I have awaited you in the night; with my spirit within me I have awaited you in the morning. (Isaiah 26:9)

On that day Jehovah will become a spirit of judgment to the one who sits in judgment. (Isaiah 28:6)

My spirit has rejoiced in God my Savior. (Luke 1:47)

They have given rest to my spirit in the land of the north. (Zechariah 6:8)

Into your hand I commit my spirit; you have redeemed me. (Psalms 31:5)

There was not one, even among the remnant who had spirit. (Malachi 2:15)

After three and a half days the spirit of life from God entered the two witnesses who had been killed by the beast. (Revelation 11:11)

I, Jehovah, form the mountains and create the spirit. (Amos 4:13)

O God, the God of the spirits for all flesh... (Numbers 16:22; 27:18)

I will pour a spirit from on high upon the house of David and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (Zechariah 12:10)

... even until he has poured out upon us a spirit from on high. (Isaiah 32:15)

I will pour out waters upon those who are thirsty and streams upon the dry land; I will pour out my spirit upon your seed. (Isaiah 44:3)

I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; also upon my male and female servants I will pour out spirit in those days. (Joel 2:28-29)

To pour out the spirit means to regenerate, as does to give a new heart and a new spirit.

[2] “Spirit” refers to the spiritual life of people who have been genuinely humbled.

I dwell in a crushed and humble spirit, to bring to life the spirit of the humble and to bring to life the heart of the crushed. (Isaiah 57:15)

The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit; God will not scorn a crushed and broken heart. (Psalms 51:17)

He will give the oil of joy in place of mourning, and a garment of praise in place of a confined spirit. (Isaiah 61:3)

... a woman abandoned and afflicted in spirit. (Isaiah 54:6)

Blessed are the poor in spirit, because theirs is the kingdom of the heavens. (Matthew 5:3)

2235. “义” 与良善相关, “公” 与真理相关. 这从 “公义 ” 和 “公平” 的含义清楚可知. 在圣言中, “公义和公平” 多次被一起提及, 但没有人知道它们在内义上表示什么. 就最近似的意义而言, “公义” 论及正义, “公平” 论及正直. 当某事通过良善并照着良知来判断时, 正义就会出现; 而当它通过法律, 因而通过法律的正义要求, 并且也照着良知 (因为法律将其标准赋予良知) 来判断时, 正直就会出现. 然而, 就内义而言, “公义” 是指源于良善之物, “公平” 是指源于真理之物. 良善是属爱与仁的一切事物, 真理是属源于爱与仁之信的一切事物. 真理从良善得其本质, 被称为源于良善的真理, 就像信源于爱, 因而也是来自公义的公平.

这就是 “公义和公平” 的含义, 这可从以下圣言经文清楚看出来. 耶利米书:

耶和华如此说, 你们要施行公平和公义, 拯救被抢夺的脱离欺压人的手. 祸哉! 那以不公义盖房, 以不公平造楼的人. 你的父亲岂不是也吃, 也喝, 也施行公平和公义吗? 那时他得了福乐. (耶利米书 22:3, 13, 15)

“公平” 表与真理相关之物, “公义” 表与良善相关之物. 以西结书:

恶人若转离他的罪, 行公平公义的事, 他所犯的一切罪必不被记念; 他行了公平公义的事, 必要存活. 恶人转离他的恶, 行公平公义的事, 他必因此而存活. (以西结书 33:14, 16, 19)

此处 “公平” 同样表信之真, “公义” 表仁之善.

所以, 在阿摩司书:

惟愿公平如大水滚滚, 使公义如江河滔滔! (阿摩司书 5:24)

以赛亚书:

耶和华如此说, 你们当守公平, 行公义, 因我的救恩临近, 我的公义将要显现. (以赛亚书 56:1)

同一先知书:

那里的平安没有穷尽. 他必在大卫的宝座上治理他的国, 以公平公义使国坚定稳固, 从今直到永远. (以赛亚书 9:7)

此处 “公平公义” 表他们处于信之真与仁之善. 又:

耶和华被尊崇, 因祂居在高处, 祂以公平公义充满锡安. (以赛亚书 33:5)

此处 “公平” 表信, “公义” 表爱, “锡安” 表教会. 首先提及 “公平”, 是因为爱经由信而来; 但若首先提及 “公义”, 则因为信源于爱, 如何西阿书:

我必聘你永远归我为妻, 以公义, 公平, 慈爱, 怜悯聘你归我; 又以信实聘你归我, 你就必认识耶和华. (何西阿书 2:19-20)

此处首先提及 “公义”, “慈爱” 也是如此, “慈爱” 是爱的属性. 随后提及的 “公平”, “怜悯” 也是如此, “怜悯” 是源于爱的信的属性. 这二者被称为 “信” 或 “信实”.

诗篇:

耶和华啊, 你的慈爱上及诸天; 你的真理达到穹苍. 你的公义好像神的高山, 你的公平如同深渊. (诗篇 36:5-6)

此处 “慈爱” 和 “公义” 同样是爱的属性, 而 “真理” 和 “公平” 是信的属性. 又:

真理从地上生出; 公义从天上俯视. 耶和华必赐下良善, 我们的地也要多出土产. (诗篇 85:11-12)

此处构成信的真理表 “公平”, “公义” 表爱或慈爱. 撒迦利亚书:

我要领他们来, 他们必住在耶路撒冷中间. 他们要作我的子民, 我要凭真理和公义作他们的神. (撒迦利亚书 8:8)

由此也明显可知, “公平” 表真理, “公义” 表良善, 因为此处以 “真理” 代替 “公平”. 同样在诗篇:

就是行为完全, 作事公义, 口说真理的人. (诗篇 15:2)

由于信植根于仁, 或真理植根于良善, 故植根于良善的真理有时被称为 “公义的判语” (judgments of righteousness), 因而 “判语” (judgments) 的含义几乎等同于 “典章” (precepts). 如以赛亚书:

他们天天寻求我, 乐意明白我的道, 好像行义的民族, 不离弃他们神的典章, 向我求问公义的判语, 喜悦亲近神. (以赛亚书 58:2)

“命令” (precepts) 表同样的意思, 这一点可见于诗篇:

我因你公义的典章, 一天七次赞美你. 因你一切的命令尽都公义. (诗篇 119:164, 172)

当主新造人时, 经上尤其论到主说, 祂 “施行公平, 公义”. 如耶利米书:

夸耀的却要因了解我, 认识我而夸耀; 我是耶和华, 在地上施行慈爱, 公平, 公义; 因为我喜悦这些事. (耶利米书 9:24)

此处慈爱, 也就是爱的属性, 以 “公平, 公义” 来描述. 同一先知书:

我要给大卫兴起一个公义的苗裔, 祂必掌王权, 在地上施行公平和公义. (耶利米书 23:5; 33:15)

因此, 约翰福音上说:

我若去, 就差保惠师到你们这里来; 祂来的时候, 要为罪, 为义, 为审判, 指证世人; 为罪, 是因他们不信我; 为义, 是因我往父那里去, 你们就不再见我; 为审判, 是因这世界的王受了审判. (约翰福音 16:7-11)

此处 “罪” 表一切不信. 祂 “为义指证” 表为违背良善的一切指证, 然而, 主将人性与神性融合以拯救这个世界, 这就是 “我往父那里去, 你们就不再见我” 所表示的. 祂 “为审判指证” 表为违背真理的一切指证, 但罪恶会被丢进地狱, 以至于它们无法再造成伤害, 这就是 “这世界的王受了审判” 所表示的. 一般来说, 祂 “为罪, 为义, 为审判指证” 表为违背良善与真理的一切指证, 因而表仁与信不存在. 因为古时, 公义与公平 (或审判) 用来论及主时, 表示一切慈爱与恩典; 用来论及人时, 表示一切仁与信.