35. Man has two inherent powers of will and understanding. When the understanding is governed by the will they then constitute one mind and so one life; for what a person in that case wills and does he also thinks and intends. But when the understanding is at variance with the will, as it is with people who claim to have faith and yet live otherwise, then a mind previously one is split in two. One half seeks to transport itself into heaven, while the other inclines towards hell. And because the will is what accomplishes everything, the whole man would rush straight into hell unless the Lord took pity on him.

1062. That 'Shem' means the internal Church, 'Ham' the corrupted Church, 'Japheth' the external Church, is also clear from what follows, for the nature of each one is described. As with every other Church, the Ancient Church included people who were internal, people who were internal but corrupted, and people who were external. Internal people are those who make charity the chief thing of faith. Corrupted internal people are those who make faith devoid of charity the chief thing of faith. And external people are those who give little thought to the internal man but who nevertheless perform charitable works and reverently keep up the religious observances of the Church. Apart from these three kinds of people no others exist who are to be called members of the spiritual Church. And since they were all members of the Church they are referred to as those who 'went out of the ark'. Those in the Ancient Church who were internal people, that is, who made charity the chief thing of faith, were called Shem; those in it who were internal but corrupt - namely those who made faith devoid of charity the chief thing of faith - were in the Ancient Church called Ham; while those in that Church who were external and gave little thought to the internal man but who nevertheless performed charitable works and reverently kept up the religious observances of the Church were named Japheth. The nature of each one is dealt with in what follows.