La Bibbia

 

Richter 20

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1 Und alle Kinder Israel zogen aus, und die Gemeinde, von Dan bis Beerseba, und das Land Gilead versammelte sich wie ein Mann vor Jehova nach Mizpa.

2 Und die Häupter des ganzen Volkes, aller Stämme Israels, stellten sich in der Versammlung des Volkes Gottes: vierhunderttausend Mann Fußvolk, die das Schwert zogen. -

3 Und die Kinder Benjamin hörten, daß die Kinder Israel nach Mizpa hinaufgezogen waren. Und die Kinder Israel sprachen: Redet, wie ist diese Übeltat geschehen?

4 Da antwortete der levitische Mann, der Mann des ermordeten Weibes, und sprach: Ich war nach Gibea gekommen, das Benjamin gehört, ich und mein Kebsweib, um dort zu übernachten.

5 Da machten sich die Bürger von Gibea wider mich auf und umringten meinetwegen des Nachts das Haus. Mich gedachten sie umzubringen, und mein Kebsweib haben sie geschwächt, daß sie starb.

6 Da ergriff ich mein Kebsweib und zerstückte sie und sandte sie in das ganze Gefilde des Erbteils Israels; denn sie haben ein Verbrechen und eine Schandtat begangen in Israel.

7 Siehe, hier seid ihr allesamt, Kinder Israel: Gebet eure Meinung und euren Rat allhier!

8 Und das ganze Volk stand auf wie ein Mann und sprach: Wir wollen nicht gehen, ein jeder nach seinem Zelte, und nicht einkehren, ein jeder in sein Haus;

9 sondern dies ist die Sache, die wir jetzt an Gibea tun wollen: Ziehen wir wider dasselbe nach dem Lose;

10 und nehmen wir zehn Männer von hundert, von allen Stämmen Israels, und hundert von tausend und tausend von zehntausend, um Zehrung für das Volk zu holen, damit, wenn sie nach Gibea-Benjamin kommen, man an ihm tue nach all der Schandtat, die es in Israel begangen hat.

11 Und alle Männer von Israel versammelten sich gegen die Stadt, wie ein Mann verbündet.

12 Und die Stämme Israels sandten Männer in alle Geschlechter Benjamins und sprachen: Was ist das für eine Übeltat, die unter euch geschehen ist!

13 So gebet nun die Männer, die Söhne Belials, heraus, die in Gibea sind, daß wir sie töten und das Böse aus Israel hinwegschaffen! Aber die Kinder Benjamin wollten nicht auf die Stimme ihrer Brüder, der Kinder Israel, hören;

14 Und die Kinder Benjamin versammelten sich aus den Städten nach Gibea, um auszuziehen zum Streit mit den Kindern Israel.

15 Und die Kinder Benjamin wurden an selbigem Tage aus den Städten gemustert: sechsundzwanzigtausend Mann, die das Schwert zogen; außer den Bewohnern von Gibea, die gemustert wurden: siebenhundert auserlesene Männer.

16 Unter all diesem Volke waren siebenhundert auserlesene Männer, die links waren; diese alle schleuderten mit dem Steine aufs Haar und fehlten nicht.

17 Und die Männer von Israel wurden gemustert, außer Benjamin: vierhunderttausend Mann, die das Schwert zogen; diese alle waren Kriegsmänner.

18 Und die Kinder Israel machten sich auf und zogen hinauf nach Bethel und befragten Gott, und sie sprachen: Wer von uns soll zuerst hinaufziehen zum Streit mit den Kindern Benjamin? Und Jehova sprach: Juda zuerst.

19 Und die Kinder Israel machten sich am Morgen auf und lagerten sich wider Gibea.

20 Und die Männer von Israel zogen aus zum Streit mit Benjamin, und die Männer von Israel stellten sich wider sie in Schlachtordnung auf bei Gibea.

21 Und die Kinder Benjamin zogen aus Gibea heraus, und sie streckten unter Israel an selbigem Tage zweiundzwanzigtausend Mann zu Boden.

22 Und es ermannte sich das Volk, die Männer von Israel, und sie stellten sich wieder in Schlachtordnung auf an dem Orte, wo sie sich am ersten Tage aufgestellt hatten.

23 Und die Kinder Israel zogen hinauf und weinten vor Jehova bis an den Abend; und sie befragten Jehova und sprachen: Soll ich wiederum ausrücken zum Streit mit den Kindern meines Bruders Benjamin? Und Jehova sprach: Ziehet wider ihn hinauf.

24 Und die Kinder Israel nahten sich den Kindern Benjamin am zweiten Tage.

25 Und Benjamin zog am zweiten Tage aus Gibea heraus, ihnen entgegen, und sie streckten nochmals unter den Kindern Israel achtzehntausend Mann zu Boden; diese alle zogen das Schwert.

26 Da zogen alle Kinder Israel und das ganze Volk hinauf und kamen nach Bethel, und sie weinten und blieben daselbst vor Jehova und fasteten an selbigem Tage bis zum Abend; und sie opferten Brandopfer und Friedensopfer vor Jehova.

27 Und die Kinder Israel befragten Jehova, denn die Lade des Bundes Gottes war daselbst in jenen Tagen,

28 und Pinehas, der Sohn Eleasars, des Sohnes Aarons, stand vor ihr in jenen Tagen und sprachen: Soll ich wiederum ausziehen zum Streit mit den Kindern meines Bruders Benjamin, oder soll ich aufhören? Und Jehova sprach: Ziehet hinauf, denn morgen werde ich ihn in deine Hand geben.

29 Und Israel legte einen Hinterhalt gegen Gibea ringsumher.

30 Und die Kinder Israel zogen am dritten Tage hinauf wider die Kinder Benjamin und stellten sich wider Gibea auf, wie die anderen Male.

31 Und die Kinder Benjamin zogen heraus, dem Volke entgegen, wurden von der Stadt abgerissen und fingen an, etliche von dem Volke zu erschlagen, wie die anderen Male, bei dreißig Mann unter Israel, auf den Landstraßen, deren eine nach Bethel hinaufsteigt und die andere durch das Gefilde nach Gibea führt.

32 Und die Kinder Benjamin sprachen: Sie sind vor uns geschlagen wie im Anfang. Die Kinder Israel aber sprachen: Laßt uns fliehen, daß wir sie von der Stadt abreißen auf die Landstraßen!

33 Und alle Männer von Israel machten sich auf von ihrem Orte und stellten sich zu Baal-Tamar auf, während der Hinterhalt Israels von seinem Orte hervorbrach aus dem Blachfelde von Gibea.

34 Und es kamen gegen Gibea zehntausend auserlesene Männer aus ganz Israel, und der Streit wurde heftig; jene aber wußten nicht, daß das Unglück sie erreichte.

35 Und Jehova schlug Benjamin vor Israel, und die Kinder Israel streckten unter Benjamin an selbigem Tage fünfundzwanzigtausend einhundert Mann nieder; diese alle zogen das Schwert. -

36 Und die Kinder Benjamin sahen, daß sie geschlagen waren. Und die Männer von Israel gaben Benjamin Raum, weil sie sich auf den Hinterhalt verließen, den sie wider Gibea gelegt hatten.

37 Und der Hinterhalt eilte und überfiel Gibea; und der Hinterhalt zog hin und schlug die ganze Stadt mit der Schärfe des Schwertes.

38 Die Männer von Israel hatten sich aber mit dem Hinterhalt verabredet, eine große Rauchsäule aus der Stadt emporsteigen zu lassen.

39 Und die Männer von Israel wandten sich um im Streit, und Benjamin hatte angefangen, unter den Männern von Israel etliche zu erschlagen, bei dreißig Mann; denn die sprachen: Sie sind ja gänzlich vor uns geschlagen, wie im vorigen Streit.

40 Und der Brand fing an, aus der Stadt emporzusteigen wie eine Rauchsäule; und Benjamin wandte sich zurück, und siehe, die ganze Stadt ging in Feuer auf gen Himmel.

41 Da wandten sich die Männer von Israel um, und die Männer von Benjamin wurden bestürzt; denn sie sahen, daß das Unglück sie erreicht hatte.

42 Und sie wandten sich vor den Männern von Israel nach dem Wege zur Wüste; aber der Streit ereilte sie; und die aus den Städten kamen, streckten sie in ihrer Mitte nieder.

43 Sie umzingelten Benjamin, jagten ihm nach, traten ihn nieder, wo er ausruhen wollte, bis vor Gibea, gegen Sonnenaufgang.

44 Und es fielen von Benjamin achtzehntausend Mann; diese alle waren tapfere Männer.

45 Da wandten sie sich und flohen der Wüste zu, nach dem Felsen Rimmon; aber die Israeliten hielten unter ihnen auf den Landstraßen eine Nachlese von fünftausend Mann, und setzten ihnen nach bis Gideom und erschlugen von ihnen zweitausend Mann.

46 So waren all der von Benjamin an selbigem Tage Gefallenen fünfundzwanzigtausend Mann, die das Schwert zogen; diese alle waren tapfere Männer.

47 Sechshundert Mann aber wandten sich und flohen der Wüste zu, nach dem Felsen Rimmon; und sie blieben am Felsen Rimmon vier Monate. -

48 Und die Männer von Israel kehrten zu den Kindern Benjamin zurück und schlugen sie mit der Schärfe des Schwertes, von den Männern in den Städten bis zum Vieh, bis zu allem, was sich vorfand; auch alle die Städte, die sich vorfanden, steckten sie in Brand.

   

Commento

 

Exploring the Meaning of Judges 20

Da New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Israel’s war with the tribe of Benjamin

The events of the previous chapter carry over into the last two chapters of the book of Judges, this one and the final one. The overall content of this chapter is about the division between Israel and the tribe of Benjamin (where the town of Gibeah was situated) and the eventual long war in which thousands on both sides died.

All Israel gathered together at Mizpah, four hundred thousand foot soldiers with swords, from every tribe, except the tribe of Benjamin who heard about the gathering. The reason for coming together, prompted by the dismembered parts of the concubine, was to decide what to do. The Levite told the story of the events. The men of Israel heard and decided that they would all immediately go up against the tribe of Benjamin, for them to hand over the perverted men of Gibeah for justice to be done and for Israel to be redeemed. They agreed to take one man out of every ten to go and, if necessary, to fight.

The spiritual meaning in this opening and gathering of Israel at Mizpah is mostly about its incompleteness. The tribe of Benjamin was not present even though Mizpah was in Benjamin’s territory. Spiritual incompleteness in us is to leave something out of our love and faithfulness to the Lord which makes each one of us a whole being. The twelve tribes of Israel stand for all the qualities which come together to form our spiritual life and purpose. (True Christian Religion 38)

The men of Israel go up and ask the Lord who should go to fight first. The reply is that Judah go first. The men of Benjamin refuse to hand the men of Gibeah over and they form an army to fight Israel. In the fighting, the men of Benjamin cut down twenty-two thousand men of Israel. Israel goes and weeps to the Lord and asks if they should go up again against their brother Benjamin. The Lord says they are to go up again.

The spiritual meaning of the tribe of Benjamin is that it stands for the ‘medium’ or the vital connection between what is internal or celestial and what is external or natural. If this connection is absent there is no passage or mutual link between these two and they are separated. This removes the completeness of our spiritual life as a whole. (See Arcana Caelestia 5822.)

Israel goes up against Benjamin on the second day and eighteen thousand men of Israel are cut down by the army of Benjamin. Israel goes to the house of the Lord and weeps, and asks if they should yet go out to fight their brother Benjamin. The Lord says that they are to fight a third time, and the He will deliver them into their hand.

Israel weeps. Weeping or crying stands for mourning the loss of something which is no longer present. In a good sense ‘weeping’ can be for the sense of loss of what is loved and what is part of us, here represented by ‘to battle the children of my brother Benjamin’.

The Lord wept over Jerusalem (Luke 19:41-44). (Arcana Caelestia 4293.3)

Israel fights on three consecutive day, and on the third day they defeat the tribe of Benjamin. ‘On the third day’ (see verse 30) stands for the need for conflict and personal states in our spiritual temptations and battles to be worked through until they are brought to an end and we can be brought out of temptation, into a new state. (Arcana Caelestia 5159)

The men of Israel laid an ambush and then went as before to fight the men of Benjamin. They moved away from them and Benjamin followed them and killed some men of Israel. The men in ambush arose and went to Gibeah and by arrangement made a great column of smoke after killing the men of the city. (Arcana Caelestia 9144) The men of Benjamin saw this and panicked, and twenty three thousand of them were slain. Six hundred men escaped and hid, and Israel went all around and destroyed men of Benjamin wherever they were found.

The spiritual meaning of this final battle is in the extent of the numbers killed and the aftermath of the victory with further killing. To ‘kill’ (or destroy) when it is used in the Word is to work completely towards the full expulsion of states, thoughts and intentions in us which are in opposition to the way of the Word and its wholeness and healing. (Arcana Caelestia 9320) This is the meaning of the term ‘vastation’ in which things which are opposed to the Lord need to be worked through and brought to an end so that a new state can come.

Dalle opere di Swedenborg

 

Arcana Coelestia #9144

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9144. 'And catches hold of thorns' means which spreads into falsities. This is clear from the meaning of 'catching hold of', when said of anger that arises from an affection for evil, as spreading into and thus setting alight; and from the meaning of 'thorns' as falsities, dealt with below. But something must be stated first about what is implied in all this. The loves present with a person are the fires of his life, 9055. Evil loves - self-love and love of the world - are consuming fires; they consume the forms of good and the truths which true life comprises. Those fires compose the life of a person's will, and the light from those fires composes the life of his understanding. As long as the evil fires are kept shut up in the will, the understanding dwells in light and consequently discerns what is good and true. But when those fires spill out their light into the understanding the light previously there is dispelled and the person's discernment of what is good and true is dimmed. The situation grows worse, as self-love and love of the world, which those fires are, take hold more and more, so that eventually they smother and snuff out all truth, and good along with it.

[2] When those loves are attacked fire breaks out of the will into the understanding and produces a flame there. This flame is what is called anger. This is why a person is said to flare up, blaze up, and be inflamed, when he is angry. This flame assails the truths and forms of good present in the understanding and not only hides them but also consumes them. Furthermore, and this is an arcanum, when that evil fire bursts out of the will into the understanding part of the mind, this part is closed above and opened below, that is, closed where it looks towards heaven and opened where it looks towards hell.

[3] So it is that whenever an evil person blazes up in anger evils and falsities that produce the flame are entering in. It is like a fibre in the body. If it is pricked with the point of a needle it instantly pulls itself in and closes up, and in so doing prevents the wound from going any deeper and harming life where it exists essentially. Also, when presented in a visual shape falsity appears as something pointed. An evil person's state when he is angry is also similar to smoke which on a touch of fire bursts into flame; for falsity arising from evil and present in the understanding is like smoke, and anger is like smoke that has been set alight. They also correspond to one another. So it is that in the Word 'smoke' means falsity and 'its flame' means anger, as in David,

Smoke went up out of His nose, and fire out of His mouth; glowing coals flamed forth from Him. Psalms 18:8.

And in Isaiah,

Wickedness burns like a fire, it devours brier and thorn, and kindles the entangled boughs of the wood; and they rise in a column of smoke, 1 through the wrath of Jehovah Zebaoth. Isaiah 9:18-19.

'Smoke' here is falsity which, when set alight, gives rise to anger. For the meaning of 'smoke' as falsity, see 1861.

[4] From all this one may now see what is meant in the internal sense by 'When fire breaks out and catches hold of thorns, and a stack of grain is consumed, or standing grain ... ', namely, If an affection for evil bursts out into anger and spreads into falsities belonging to evil cravings, and consumes the truths and forms of the good of faith ... Anyone who stops to think can see that there is some reason for this law that lies hidden on a more internal level and is not apparent. For nowhere else is a law laid down regarding fire catching hold of thorns and then consuming a stack of grain or standing grain; such an occurrence is extremely rare. But it is an everyday occurrence for the fire of wickedness and of anger to seize on and set alight the falsities of cravings and thereby to consume the Church's truths and forms of good.

[5] The fact that 'thorns' are the falsities of cravings is clear from the following places: In Isaiah,

Over the land of My people the thorn, and the prickle, is coming up. Isaiah 32:13.

'The land' is the Church, 'the thorn or the prickle' falsities and the evils stemming from them. In the same prophet,

[As to] your spirit, a fire will devour you. Thus will the people be burnt into lime; [they will be like] thorns cut down which are burned in the fire. Isaiah 33:11-12.

'Thorns which are burned in the fire' stands for falsities which catch fire and consume truths and forms of good.

[6] In Ezekiel,

No more will there be for the house of Israel a pricking brier and a painful thorn. Ezekiel 28:24.

'A pricking brier' stands for falsity belonging to the cravings of self-love, 'thorn' for falsity belonging to the cravings of love of the world. In Hosea,

Their 2 mother has committed whoredom. Therefore I am hedging up your way with thorns, and she will not find her paths. Hosea 2:5-6.

'Ways' and 'paths' stand for truths, and 'thorns' for falsities instead of them.

[7] In the same prophet,

The high places of Aven, the sin of Israel, will be destroyed. Thistle and thorn will grow up on their altars. Hosea 10:8.

'Thistle and thorn' stands for evil and falsity laying waste the forms of good and the truths of worship. In David,

They have surrounded me like bees, they quench as it were a fire of thorns. 3 Psalms 118:12.

'A fire of thorns' stands for a craving for evil. In Matthew,

By their fruits you will know them. Do people gather grapes from thorns, or figs from thistles? Matthew 7:16.

'Gathering grapes from thorns' stands for obtaining forms of the good of faith and of charity from the falsities of cravings, 'grapes' being those forms of good, see 1071, 5117, 6378.

[8] In Mark,

Some seed fell among thorns; but the thorns grew up and choked it, so that it did not bear fruit. Those who are sown among the thorns are the ones who hear the word; but the cares of this world, and the deceitfulness of riches, and the cravings entering in that are centred on other things, choke the word, so that it becomes unfruitful. Mark 4:7, 18-19.

Here an explanation is given of what is meant by 'being sown among thorns', and so of what is meant by 'thorns'. The same things are meant by 'sowing among thorns' and 'reaping thorns' in Jeremiah,

Thus said Jehovah to the man of Judah and Jerusalem, Break up your fallow ground, and do not sow among thorns. Jeremiah 4:3.

They have sown wheat and reaped thorns. Jeremiah 12:12-13.

[9] The falsities of cravings, meant by 'thorns', are falsities that support worldly concerns and worldly desires; for these falsities more than others catch fire and flare up because they are the product of bodily cravings that a person feels. For this reason they also close the internal man, leaving the person wholly devoid of wisdom so far as salvation of the soul and eternal life are concerned.

[10] The crown woven from thorns which was placed on the Lord's head when He was crucified, and when He was hailed as King of the Jews and He said, 'Behold the Man!', 4 John 19:2-3, 5, represented God's truth as it was at that time in the Jewish Church, namely truth smothered by the falsities of cravings. 'The King of the Jews', as they hailed Him then, meant God's truth. 'King' in the Word means the truth from God, see 1672, 2015, 2069, 3009, 3670, 4575, 4581, 4966, 5044, 6148; and 'the Anointed', who is the Messiah in Hebrew and the Christ in Greek, has a similar meaning, 3004, 3008, 3009, 3732(end). In the highest sense 'Judah' is used to mean the Lord in respect of Divine Good, in the internal sense the Lord in respect of the Word, and so in respect of teachings drawn from the Word, 3881. And when, after such a crown had been placed on His head, the Lord said, 'Behold the Man!', He meant, 'Behold Divine Truth as it is in the Church at the present day!' For 'Man' is Divine Truth going forth from the Lord in heaven. So it is that heaven is the Grand Man, owing both to influx and to correspondence, as has been shown at the ends of a number of chapters, see 1276, 1871, 2996, 2998, 3624-3649, 3741-3750, 7396, 8547, 8988. So it is also that the Lord's celestial Church was called Man, 478, 479, this Church being the one that the Jews represented, 6363, 6364, 8770. All this shows what was meant by 'the crown of thorns', and by being hailed 'King of the Jews', also what was meant by 'Behold the Man' as well as by the inscription over the cross, 'Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews', John 19:19-20. It meant the way in which Divine Truth or the Word was regarded and was treated by the Jews, among whom the Church existed. All the things that the Jews did to the Lord when He was about to be crucified were signs of the states of those belonging to the Church so far as God's truth or the Word was concerned, see 9093(end). That the Lord was the Word is clear in John,

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld His glory. John 1:1, 14.

'The Word' is Divine Truth.

Note a piè di pagina:

1. literally, they raise themselves with a raising of smoke

2. The Latin means Your but the Hebrew means Their, which Swedenborg Has in another place where he quotes this verse.

3. i.e. a fire consuming thorns

4. The words Behold the Man (Ecce Homo) are generally thought to have been spoken by Pilate. The Greek at John 19:5 states simply And he said, Behold the Man.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.