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Joshua 8

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1 Poi l’Eterno disse a Giosuè: "Non temere, e non ti sgomentare! Prendi teco tutta la gente di guerra, lèvati e sali contro ad Ai. Guarda, io do in tua mano il re di Ai, il suo popolo, la sua città e il suo paese.

2 E tu tratterai Ai e il suo re come hai trattato Gerico a il suo re; ne prenderete per voi soltanto il bottino e il bestiame. Tendi un’imboscata dietro alla città".

3 Giosuè dunque con tutta la gente di guerra si levò per salire contro ad Ai. Egli scelse trentamila uomini valenti e prodi, li fe’ partire di notte, e diede loro quest’ordine:

4 "Ecco, vi fermerete imboscati dietro alla città; non v’allontanate troppo dalla città, e siate tutti pronti.

5 Io e tutto il popolo ch’è meco ci accosteremo alla città; e quando essi ci usciranno contro come la prima volta, ci metteremo in fuga dinanzi a loro.

6 Essi c’inseguiranno finché noi li abbiam tratti lungi dalla città, perché diranno: Essi fuggono dinanzi a noi come la prima volta. E fuggiremo dinanzi a loro.

7 Voi allora uscirete dall’imboscata e v’impadronirete della città: l’Eterno, il vostro Dio, la darà in vostra mano.

8 E quando avrete preso la città, la incendierete; farete come ha detto l’Eterno. Badate bene, questo è l’ordine ch’io vi do".

9 Così Giosuè li mandò, e quelli andarono al luogo dell’imboscata, e si fermarono fra Bethel e Ai, a ponente d’Ai; ma Giosuè rimase quella notte in mezzo al popolo.

10 E la mattina levatosi di buon’ora, passò in rivista il popolo, e salì contro Ai: egli con gli anziani d’Israele, alla testa del popolo.

11 E tutta la gente di guerra ch’era con lui, salì, si avvicino, giunse dirimpetto alla città, e si accampò al nord di Ai. Tra lui ed Ai c’era una valle.

12 Giosuè prese circa cinquemila uomini, coi quali tese un’imboscata fra Bethel ed Ai, a ponente della città.

13 E dopo che tutto il popolo ebbe preso campo al nord della città e tesa l’imboscata a ponente della città, Giosuè, durante quella notte, si spinse avanti in mezzo alla valle.

14 Quando il re d’Ai vide questo, la gente della città si levò in fretta di buon mattino; e il re e tutto il suo popolo usciron contro a Israele, per dargli battaglia al punto convenuto, al principio della pianura; perché il re non sapeva che c’era un’imboscata contro di lui dietro la città.

15 Allora Giosuè e tutto Israele, facendo vista d’esser battuti da quelli, si misero in fuga verso il deserto.

16 E tutto il popolo ch’era nella città fu chiamato a raccolta per inseguirli; e inseguirono Giosuè e furon tratti lungi dalla città.

17 Non ci fu uomo, in Ai e in Bethel, che non uscisse dietro a Israele. Lasciaron la città aperta e inseguirono Israele.

18 Allora l’Eterno disse a Giosuè: "Stendi verso Ai la lancia che hai in mano, perché io sto per dare Ai in tuo potere". E Giosuè stese verso la città la lancia che aveva in mano.

19 E subito, non appena ebbe steso la mano, gli uomini dell’imboscata sorsero dal luogo dov’erano, entraron di corsa nella città, la presero, e s’affrettarono ad appiccarvi il fuoco.

20 E la gente d’Ai, volgendosi indietro, guardò, ed ecco che il fumo della città saliva al cielo; e non vi fu per loro alcuna possibilità di fuggire né da una parte né dall’altra, perché il popolo che fuggiva verso il deserto s’era voltato contro quelli che lo inseguivano.

21 E Giosuè e tutto Israele, vedendo che quelli dell’imboscata avean preso la città e che il fumo saliva dalla città, tornarono indietro, e batterono la gente d’Ai.

22 Anche gli altri usciron dalla città contro a loro; cosicché furon presi in mezzo da Israele, avendo gli uni di qua e gli altri di là; e Israele li batté in modo che non ne rimase né superstite né fuggiasco.

23 Il re d’Ai lo presero vivo, e lo menarono a Giosuè.

24 Quando Israele ebbe finito d’uccidere tutti gli abitanti d’Ai nella campagna, nel deserto dove quelli l’aveano inseguito, e tutti furon caduti sotto i colpi della spada finché non ne rimase più, tutto Israele tornò verso Ai e la mise a fil di spada.

25 Tutti quelli che caddero in quel giorno, fra uomini e donne, furon dodicimila: vale a dire tutta la gente d’Ai.

26 Giosuè non ritirò la mano che avea stesa con la lancia, finché non ebbe sterminato tutti gli abitanti d’Ai.

27 Israele prese per se soltanto il bestiame e il bottino di quella città, secondo l’ordine che l’Eterno avea dato a Giosuè.

28 Giosuè arse dunque Ai e la ridusse in perpetuo in un mucchio di ruine, com’è anch’oggi.

29 Quanto al re d’Ai, l’appiccò a un albero, e ve lo lasciò fino a sera; ma al tramonto del sole Giosuè ordinò che il cadavere fosse calato dall’albero; e lo gittarono all’ingresso della porta della città, e gli ammassarono sopra un gran mucchio di pietre, che rimane anche al di d’oggi.

30 Allora Giosuè edificò un altare all’Eterno, all’Iddio d’Israele, sul monte Ebal,

31 come Mosè, servo dell’Eterno, aveva ordinato ai figliuoli d’Israele, e come sta scritto nel libro della legge di Mosè: un altare di pietre intatte sulle quali nessuno avea passato ferro; e i figliuoli d’Israele offriron su di esso degli olocausti all’Eterno, e fecero de’ sacrifizi di azioni di grazie.

32 E là, su delle pietre, Giosuè scrisse una copia della legge che Mosè avea scritta in presenza dei figliuoli d’Israele.

33 Tutto Israele, i suoi anziani, i suoi ufficiali e i suoi giudici stavano in piè ai due lati dell’arca, dirimpetto ai sacerdoti levitici che portavan l’arca del patto dell’Eterno: gli stranieri come gl’Israeliti di nascita, metà dal lato del monte Garizim, metà dal lato del monte Ebal, come Mosè, servo dell’Eterno, avea da prima ordinato che si benedisse il popolo d’Israele.

34 Dopo questo, Giosuè lesse tutte le parole della legge, le benedizioni e le maledizioni, secondo tutto ciò ch’è scritto nel libro della legge.

35 Non vi fu parola di tutto ciò che Mosè avea comandato, che Giosuè non leggesse in presenza di tutta la raunanza d’Israele, delle donne, de’ bambini e degli stranieri che camminavano in mezzo a loro.

   

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Arcana Coelestia #8940

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8940. 'And if you make for Me an altar of stones' means a representative kind of worship in general that is composed of truths. This is clear from the meaning of 'an altar' as a representative of Divine worship in general, dealt with in 921, 2777, 2811, 4489; and from the meaning of 'stones' as truths, dealt with in 643, 1298, 3720, 3769, 3771, 3773, 3789, 3798, 6426, 8609. There is worship of the Lord that springs from good, and there is worship of Him that springs from truth. Worship of the Lord springing from good was represented by an altar of soil, and worship springing from truth by an altar of stone. Regarding the first and the second kinds of worship, see above in 8935. It was because an altar of stone was a sign of worship springing from truth that they were commanded to set up such an altar as soon as they crossed the Jordan and came into the land of Canaan, and to write on it the Commandments contained in the Law, that is, God's truths from heaven. For by the Ten Commandments are meant all God's truths in summary form. That altar is spoken of in Moses as follows,

When you cross the Jordan you shall set up for yourself large stones, and coat them with lime. Then you shall write on them all the words of the Law. Afterwards, you shall build there an altar to Jehovah your God, an altar of stones, which you shall not hew with any iron tool. 1 With whole stones you shall build the altar of Jehovah your God, and present 2 on it burnt offerings and eucharistic offerings. And you shall write on the stones of the altar the words of the Law, expressing them very plainly. Deuteronomy 27:1-8; Joshua 8:30-32.

[2] The reason why they were to write the words of the Law on stones of the altar was that truths were meant by 'stones', and worship that springs from truths by 'an altar of stones'. This was also the reason why the Ten Commandments, which were a sign of Divine Truths in their entirety, were inscribed on tablets of stone. The reason why it had to be done as soon as they crossed the Jordan was that the Jordan, which was the first and outermost boundary of the land of Canaan on the side where the wilderness lay, meant introduction into the Church or heaven, which is accomplished through cognitions or knowledge of truth and good, thus through truths from the Word, 4255. For all the rivers serving as boundaries of that land meant the first and outermost reaches of the Lord's kingdom, 4116, 4240. By 'the stones of the altar' the truths of faith are also meant in Isaiah,

He will remove sin when He makes all the stones of the altar like chalk-stones scattered about. Isaiah 27:9

This refers to the ruination of the Church. 'The stones of the altar like chalk-stones scattered about' stands for the truths of faith that inspire worship after something similar has happened to them. As regards altars in general, they were made out of soil, stones, bronze, wood, and also gold - out of bronze, wood, and gold because these materials served to mean good. For an altar of bronze, see Ezekiel 9:2; for an altar of wood, Ezekiel 41:22; and for an altar of gold, which was the altar of incense, 1 Kings 6:22; 7:48; Revelation 8:3. That 'bronze' means good, see 425, 1551; that 'wood' does so, 643, 2784, 2812, 3720, 8354; and that 'gold' does so as well, 113, 1551, 1552, 5658.

Notes de bas de page:

1. literally, upon which you shall not strike iron

2. literally, cause to come up

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

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Arcana Coelestia #4240

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4240. 'To the land of Seir' means celestial-natural good. This is clear from the meaning of 'the land of Seir' in the highest sense as the Lord's celestial-natural good. The reason why 'the land of Seir' has this meaning is that Mount Seir formed a boundary to the land of Canaan on one side, Joshua 11:16-17, and all boundaries such as rivers, mountains, and stretches of land represented the things that came last, 1585, 1866, 4116. Indeed these boundaries acquired their individual representations from the land of Canaan contained within them, which land represented the Lord's heavenly kingdom, and in the highest sense His Divine Human, see 1607, 3038, 3481, 3705. Things that are last, existing as boundaries, are those which are called natural, for natural things are the boundaries holding spiritual and celestial realities within them. This is so in the heavens, for the inmost or third heaven is celestial because it is governed by love to the Lord; the intermediate or second heaven is spiritual because it is governed by love towards the neighbour; and the last or first heaven is celestial-natural and spiritual-natural because it is governed by simple good, which is the last degree of order there. And the same is true with the regenerate person who is a miniature heaven. From all this one may now see the origin of the meaning of 'the land of Seir' as celestial-natural good. 'Esau' too, who dwelt there, represents that good, as has been shown above, and therefore the land where he dwelt has the same meaning. For lands take on the particular representations of their inhabitants, 1675.

[2] From all this one may now see what is meant in the Word by 'Seir', as in Moses,

Jehovah came from Sinai, and dawned from Seir upon them; He shone from Mount Paran, and came out of myriads of holiness. Deuteronomy 33:2-3.

In the Song of Deborah and Barak in the Book of Judges,

O Jehovah, when You went forth from Seir, when You set out from the field of Edom, the earth trembled, the heavens also dropped, the clouds indeed dropped water, the mountains flowed down, this Sinai before Jehovah God of Israel. Judges 5:4-5.

In Balaam's prophecy,

I see Him, but not now; I behold Him, but not near. A star will arise out of Jacob, and a sceptre will rise up out of Israel. And Edom will be an inheritance and Seir will be an inheritance of his enemies; and Israel is gaining strength. Numbers 24:17-18.

Anyone can see that in these places 'Seir' means some aspect of the Lord, since it is said that 'Jehovah dawned from Seir', that 'He went forth from Seir and set out from the field of Edom', and that 'Edom and Seir will be an inheritance'. But what aspect of the Lord is meant no one can know except from the internal sense of the Word. It is the Lord's Divine Human that is meant, and in particular the good of the Divine Natural within that Human, as may be seen from what has been mentioned above. 'Dawning from and going out of Seir' means that He made even the Natural Divine in order that this also might be a source of light, that is, of intelligence and wisdom, and in this way He might become Jehovah not only as regards the Human Rational but also as regards the Human Natural. This is why it is said that 'Jehovah dawned from Seir' and 'Jehovah went out of Seir' - the Lord being Jehovah, see 1343, 1736, 2004, 2005, 2018, 2025, 2156, 2329, 2921, 3023, 3035. Something similar is embodied in the prophetic utterance concerning Dumah,

One is calling to me from Seir, Watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night? The watchman said, Morning comes, and also the night. Isaiah 21:11-12.

[3] In the relative sense 'the land of Seir' strictly speaking means the Lord's kingdom existing with those outside the Church, that is, with gentiles when the Church is being established among them, while the previous or old Church is simultaneously falling away from charity and faith. As is clear from many places in the Word, light comes at that time to those who are in darkness. And this is strictly speaking the meaning of 'dawning from Seir', and of 'going forth from Seir and setting out from the field of Edom'. It is also the meaning of 'Seir will be an inheritance', as well as of the words in Isaiah, 'One is calling to me from Seir, Watchman, what of the night? The watchman said, Morning comes, and also the night.' 'Morning comes' means the Lord's advent, 2405, 2780, and as a consequence enlightenment coming to people who are 'in the night', that is, who dwell in ignorance; but that enlightenment is from the Lord's Divine Natural, 4211. Since most things in the Word also have a contrary sense, so too does the name 'Seir', as in Ezekiel 25:8-9; 35:2-15, and in various places in the historical parts of the Word.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.