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Giudici 3

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1 Ora queste son le genti, che il Signore lasciò per provar con esse Israele, cioè tutti quelli che non aveano avuta conoscenza di tutte le guerra di Canaan;

2 acciocchè almeno le generazioni de’ figliuoli d’Israele sapessero che cosa è la guerra, essendo ammaestrati; quegli almeno che prima non ne aveano conoscenza:

3 I cinque principati de’ Filistei, e tutti i Cananei, i Sidonii, e gli Hivvei che abitavano il monte Libano, dal monte Baal-hermon fino all’entrata di Hamat.

4 Quelli adunque furono per provar con essi Israele; per saper se ubbidirebbero a’ comandamenti del Signore, i quali egli avea dati a’ lor padri, per Mosè.

5 COSÌ i figliuoli d’Israele abitarono per mezzo i Cananei, e gli Hittei, e gli Amorrei, e i Ferizzei, e gli Hivvei, e i Gebusei.

6 E presero le lor figliuole per mogli, e diedero le lor figliuole a’ figliuoli di quelli, e servirono agl’iddii loro.

7 Così i figliuoli d’Israele fecero ciò che dispiace al Signore, e dimenticarono il Signore Iddio loro, e servirono a’ Baali, e a’ boschi.

8 Laonde l’ira del Signore si accese contro ad Israele, ed egli li vendè nelle mani di Cusan-risataim, re di Mesopotamia; e i figliuoli d’Israele servirono a Cusan-risataim ott’anni.

9 Poi i figliuoli d’Israele gridarono al Signore, ed egli suscitò loro un liberatore che li liberò, cioè: Otniel, figliuolo di Chenaz, fratel minore di Caleb.

10 E lo Spirito del Signore fu sopra lui, ed egli giudicò Israele, e uscì fuori in battaglia; e il Signore gli diede in mano Cusan-risataim, re di Mesopotamia; e la sua mano si rinforzò contro a Cusan-risataim.

11 E il paese ebbe requie lo spazio di quarant’anni. Poi Otniel, figliuolo di Chenaz, morì.

12 E I figliuoli d’Israele continuarono a fare ciò che dispiace al Signore; laonde il Signore fortificò Eglon, re di Moab, contro ad Israele; perciocchè aveano fatto ciò che dispiace al Signore.

13 Ed egli adunò appresso di sè i figliuoli di Ammon, e gli Amalechiti, e andò, e percosse Israele; ed essi occuparono la città delle palme.

14 E i figliuoli d’Israele servirono diciotto anni ad Eglon, re di Moab.

15 Poi i figliuoli d’Israele gridarono al Signore, ed egli suscitò loro un liberatore, cioè: Ehud, figliuolo di Ghera, Beniaminita, il quale era mancino. Or i figliuoli d’Israele mandarono per lui un presente ad Eglon, re di Moab.

16 Ed Ehud si fece un pugnale a due tagli, lungo un cubito; e se lo cinse sotto i vestimenti, in su la coscia destra.

17 E presentò il presente ad Eglon, re di Moab, il quale era uomo molto grasso.

18 Ed avendo compiuto di presentare il presente, accommiatò la gente che avea portato il presente.

19 Ma egli se ne ritornò al re, dalle statue di pietra, che son presso di Ghilgal; e gli disse: Io ho alcuna cosa segreta a dirti. Ed egli gli disse: Taci. Allora tutti quelli che gli stavano d’intorno uscirono fuori d’appresso a lui.

20 Ed Ehud si accostò a lui, che sedeva tutto solo nella sua sala dell’estate; e disse: Io ho da dirti alcuna cosa da parte di Dio. Ed egli si levò d’in sul seggio reale.

21 Ed Ehud, dato della man sinistra al pugnale, lo prese d’in su la coscia destra, e gliel ficcò nel ventre.

22 E quello entrò dietro alla lama infino all’elsa, e il grasso serrò la lama d’intorno, sì ch’egli non potè trargli il pugnale dal ventre; e lo sterco uscì fuori.

23 Ed Ehud uscì verso il portico, e chiuse le porte della sala dietro a sè, e serrò quella con la chiave.

24 E, dopo ch’egli fu uscito, i servitori di Eglon vennero, e videro che le porte della sala erano serrate con la chiave; e dissero: Per certo egli fa i suoi bisogni naturali nella cameretta della sala dell’estate.

25 E tanto aspettarono che ne furono confusi; ed ecco, egli non apriva le porte della sala; laonde presero la chiave, e l’apersero; ed ecco, il lor signore giaceva in terra morto.

26 Ma Ehud scampò, mentre essi indugiavano, e passò le statue di pietra, e si salvò in Seira.

27 E, come egli fu giunto, sonò con la tromba nel monte di Efraim; e i figliuoli d’Israele scesero con lui dal monte, ed egli andava davanti a loro.

28 Ed egli disse loro: Seguitatemi; perciocchè il Signore vi ha dati nelle mani i Moabiti, vostri nemici. Così scesero giù dietro a lui, e occuparono a’ Moabiti i passi del Giordano, e non ne lasciarono passare alcuno.

29 E in quel tempo percossero i Moabiti in numero d’intorno a diecimila uomini, tutti grassi e possenti; e non ne scampò neppur uno.

30 Così in quel giorno Moab fu abbattuto sotto la mano d’Israele; e il paese ebbe riposo ottant’anni.

31 E, dopo Ehud, fu Samgar, figliuolo di Anat, il quale percosse i Filistei in numero di seicento, con un pungolo da buoi. Ed egli ancora liberò Israele.

   


To many Protestant and Evangelical Italians, the Bibles translated by Giovanni Diodati are an important part of their history. Diodati’s first Italian Bible edition was printed in 1607, and his second in 1641. He died in 1649. Throughout the 1800s two editions of Diodati’s text were printed by the British Foreign Bible Society. This is the more recent 1894 edition, translated by Claudiana.

Commentaire

 

Exploring the Meaning of Judges 3

Par New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Judges 3: In which we hear about the nations who remain in the land; and about the judges Othniel, Ehud, and Shamgar.

This chapter begins with a very important set of statements about the nations still undefeated in the land. First, it says that the Lord would test Israel by means of these nations; secondly, that this test would “teach [the new generations] war”; and finally, that this would reveal whether or not Israel would obey the Lord. The text goes on to say that Israel now took the daughters of other nations to be wives, and also gave their own daughters to the sons of other nations.

Being ‘tested’ by the Lord refers to the temptations and spiritual conflicts we must experience during regeneration. The Lord does not test in order to make us falter, or to see how much we can endure. Rather, the testing is to make us stronger and more steadfast in our intention to follow the Lord (see Swedenborg’s work, True Christian Religion 126).

The new generations who would not have known war stand for those future states, in which we might begin to let go, and forget what the Lord has done for us. While all external wars should cease, we will always need to quell the spiritual wars within us. The key to victory is in our willingness to obey the Lord’s commandments. This wish to obey the Lord must be imprinted in our hearts and minds (see Swedenborg’s work, Doctrine of Faith 50).

‘Taking the daughters of other nations as wives’ describes the ways in which the spiritual marriage of good and truth in us becomes perverted. When our evil desires harm truths, and false ideas harm genuine loves, our sense of what is right becomes so distorted that we have no principles left to follow.

Because Israel kept forgetting the Lord and worshipping other gods, the Lord raised judges to deliver Israel. This chapter tells the stories of three judges, and we will examine the spiritual meaning of each.

The first judge discussed in this chapter was Othniel (see Judges 1). Israel was taken by Chushan-Rishathaim, the king of Mesopotamia, for eight years. His name means ‘the blackness of injustice”. Othniel delivered Israel from captivity, and there was peace for forty years. Spiritually, this describes our power, given to us by the Lord, to break free from evil wishes and thoughts. The number ‘forty’ describes the temptations we must overcome in doing this (see Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 8098).

The next judge, Ehud, ruled at the time when Eglon, a Moabite king, took Israel captive for eighteen years. Ehud made a long, double-edged dagger and went to the king to pay tribute. When those with him were leaving, he stayed and said to King Eglon, “I have a gift for you from God”, and plunged the dagger into the king’s belly so that his fat covered the blade. Then he left, locking the doors behind him, and Eglon’s servants eventually found their king dead. Ehud then attacked, and freed Israel from the Moabites.

The meaning of this graphic event is to show the power of the truth when it is used to combat evil. Eglon was fat, representing the seemingly large and imposing nature of evils. The double-edged dagger stands for the power of the Word. It went straight into the king’s fat belly, which stands for the absolute power of the Word to tear down evils and falsities. This then allows us to reassert our leading intentions, and return to our service for the Lord (see Apocalypse Revealed 52).

The third and final judge mentioned in this chapter was Shamgar, who killed six hundred Philistines with an ox goad and delivered Israel. The Philistines – who later became a major enemy of Israel – stand for the belief that faith alone will save us, without any need for good actions in life. This can have an insidious influence on us and needs constant attention, represented by the number six hundred. The ox goad (prodder) indicates that we need to keep pushing ourselves to do good, just as an ox is prodded to work strenuously (Arcana Caelestia 1198).

Le texte de la Bible

 

Judges 3

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1 Now these are the nations which Yahweh left, to prove Israel by them, even as many [of Israel] as had not known all the wars of Canaan;

2 only that the generations of the children of Israel might know, to teach them war, at the least such as before knew nothing of it:

3 [namely], the five lords of the Philistines, and all the Canaanites, and the Sidonians, and the Hivites who lived on Mount Lebanon, from Mount Baal Hermon to the entrance of Hamath.

4 They were [left], to prove Israel by them, to know whether they would listen to the commandments of Yahweh, which he commanded their fathers by Moses.

5 The children of Israel lived among the Canaanites, the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites:

6 and they took their daughters to be their wives, and gave their own daughters to their sons and served their gods.

7 The children of Israel did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh, and forgot Yahweh their God, and served the Baals and the Asheroth.

8 Therefore the anger of Yahweh was kindled against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of Cushan Rishathaim king of Mesopotamia: and the children of Israel served Cushan Rishathaim eight years.

9 When the children of Israel cried to Yahweh, Yahweh raised up a savior to the children of Israel, who saved them, even Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother.

10 The Spirit of Yahweh came on him, and he judged Israel; and he went out to war, and Yahweh delivered Cushan Rishathaim king of Mesopotamia into his hand: and his hand prevailed against Cushan Rishathaim.

11 The land had rest forty years. Othniel the son of Kenaz died.

12 The children of Israel again did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh: and Yahweh strengthened Eglon the king of Moab against Israel, because they had done that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh.

13 He gathered to him the children of Ammon and Amalek; and he went and struck Israel, and they possessed the city of palm trees.

14 The children of Israel served Eglon the king of Moab eighteen years.

15 But when the children of Israel cried to Yahweh, Yahweh raised them up a savior, Ehud the son of Gera, the Benjamite, a man left-handed. The children of Israel sent tribute by him to Eglon the king of Moab.

16 Ehud made him a sword which had two edges, a cubit in length; and he wore it under his clothing on his right thigh.

17 He offered the tribute to Eglon king of Moab: now Eglon was a very fat man.

18 When he had made an end of offering the tribute, he sent away the people who bore the tribute.

19 But he himself turned back from the quarries that were by Gilgal, and said, "I have a secret errand to you, king." The king said, "Keep silence!" All who stood by him went out from him.

20 Ehud came to him; and he was sitting by himself alone in the cool upper room. Ehud said, "I have a message from God to you." He arose out of his seat.

21 Ehud put forth his left hand, and took the sword from his right thigh, and thrust it into his body:

22 and the handle also went in after the blade; and the fat closed on the blade, for he didn't draw the sword out of his body; and it came out behind.

23 Then Ehud went forth into the porch, and shut the doors of the upper room on him, and locked them.

24 Now when he was gone out, his servants came; and they saw, and behold, the doors of the upper room were locked; and they said, "Surely he is covering his feet in the upper room."

25 They waited until they were ashamed; and behold, he didn't open the doors of the upper room: therefore they took the key, and opened [them], and behold, their lord was fallen down dead on the earth.

26 Ehud escaped while they waited, and passed beyond the quarries, and escaped to Seirah.

27 It happened, when he had come, that he blew a trumpet in the hill country of Ephraim; and the children of Israel went down with him from the hill country, and he before them.

28 He said to them, "Follow me; for Yahweh has delivered your enemies the Moabites into your hand." They followed him, and took the fords of the Jordan against the Moabites, and didn't allow any man to pass over.

29 They struck of Moab at that time about ten thousand men, every lusty man, and every man of valor; and there escaped not a man.

30 So Moab was subdued that day under the hand of Israel. The land had rest eighty years.

31 After him was Shamgar the son of Anath, who struck of the Philistines six hundred men with an oxgoad: and he also saved Israel.