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2 Mose 29

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1 Das ist's auch, was du ihnen tun sollst, daß sie mir zu Priestern geweiht werden. Nimm einen jungen Farren und zwei Widder ohne Fehl,

2 ungesäuertes Brot und ungesäuerte Kuchen, mit Öl gemengt, und ungesäuerte Fladen, mit Öl gesalbt; von Weizenmehl sollst du solches alles machen.

3 Und sollst es in einen Korb legen und in dem Korbe herzubringen samt dem Farren und den zwei Widdern.

4 Und sollst Aaron und seine Söhne vor die Tür der Hütte des Stifts führen und mit Wasser waschen

5 und die Kleider nehmen und Aaron anziehen den engen Rock und den Purpurrock und den Leibrock und das Schild zu dem Leibrock, und sollst ihn gürten mit dem Gurt des Leibrocks

6 und den Hut auf sein Haupt setzen und die heilige Krone an den Hut.

7 Und sollst nehmen das Salböl und auf sein Haupt schütten und ihn salben.

8 Und seine Söhne sollst du auch herzuführen und den engen Rock ihnen anziehen

9 und beide, Aaron und auch sie, mit Gürteln gürten und ihnen die Hauben aufbinden, daß sie das Priestertum haben zu ewiger Weise. Und sollst Aaron und seinen Söhnen die Hände füllen,

10 und den Farren herzuführen vor die Hütte des Stifts; und Aaron und seine Söhne sollen ihre Hände auf des Farren Haupt legen.

11 Und du sollst den Farren schlachten vor dem HERRN, vor der Tür der Hütte des Stifts.

12 Und sollst von seinem Blut nehmen und auf des Altars Hörner tun mit deinem Finger und alles andere Blut an des Altars Boden schütten.

13 Und sollst alles Fett nehmen am Eingeweide und das Netz über der Leber und die zwei Nieren mit dem Fett, das darüber liegt, und sollst es auf dem Altar anzünden.

14 Aber des Farren Fleisch, Fell und Mist sollst du draußen vor dem Lager verbrennen; denn es ist ein Sündopfer.

15 Aber den einen Widder sollst du nehmen, und Aaron und seine Söhne sollen ihre Hände auf sein Haupt legen.

16 Dann sollst du ihn schlachten und sein Blut nehmen und auf den Altar sprengen ringsherum.

17 Aber den Widder sollst du zerlegen in Stücke, und seine Eingeweide und Schenkel waschen, und sollst es auf seine Stücke und sein Haupt legen

18 und den ganzen Widder anzünden auf dem Altar; denn es ist dem HERRN ein Brandopfer, ein süßer Geruch, ein Feuer des HERRN.

19 Den andern Widder aber sollst du nehmen, und Aaron und seine Söhne sollen ihre Hände auf sein Haupt legen;

20 und sollst ihn schlachten und von seinem Blut nehmen und Aaron und seinen Söhnen auf den rechten Ohrknorpel tun und auf ihre Daumen ihrer rechten Hand und auf die große Zehe ihres rechten Fußes; und sollst das Blut auf den Altar sprengen ringsherum.

21 Und sollst von dem Blut auf dem Altar nehmen und vom Salböl, und Aaron und seine Kleider, seine Söhne und ihre Kleider besprengen; so wird er und seine Kleider, seine Söhne und ihre Kleider geweiht.

22 Darnach sollst du nehmen das Fett von dem Widder, den Schwanz und das Fett am Eingeweide, das Netz über der Leber und die zwei Nieren mit dem Fett darüber und die rechte Schulter (denn es ist ein Widder der Füllung),

23 und ein Brot und einen Ölkuchen und einen Fladen aus dem Korbe des ungesäuerten Brots, der vor dem HERRN steht;

24 und lege alles auf die Hände Aarons und seiner Söhne und webe es dem HERRN.

25 Darnach nimm's von ihren Händen und zünde es an auf dem Altar zu dem Brandopfer, zum süßen Geruch vor dem HERRN; denn das ist ein Feuer des HERRN.

26 Und sollst die Brust nehmen vom Widder der Füllung Aarons und sollst sie dem HERRN weben. Das soll dein Teil sein.

27 Und sollst also heiligen die Webebrust und die Hebeschulter, die gewebt und gehebt sind von dem Widder der Füllung Aarons und seiner Söhne.

28 Und das soll Aarons und seiner Söhne sein ewigerweise von den Kindern Israel; denn es ist ein Hebopfer. Und eine Hebe soll es sein, von den Kindern Israel von ihrem Dankopfern, ihre Hebe für den HERRN.

29 Aber die heiligen Kleider Aarons sollen seine Söhne haben nach ihm, daß sie darin gesalbt und ihre Hände gefüllt werden.

30 Welcher unter seinen Söhnen an seiner Statt Priester wird, der soll sie sieben Tage anziehen, daß er gehe in die Hütte des Stifts, zu dienen im Heiligen.

31 Du sollst aber nehmen den Widder der Füllung, und sein Fleisch an einem heiligen Ort kochen.

32 Und Aaron mit seinen Söhnen soll des Widders Fleisch essen samt dem Brot im Korbe vor der Tür der Hütte des Stifts.

33 Denn es ist zur Versöhnung damit geschehen, zu füllen ihre Hände, daß sie geweiht werden. Kein andrer soll es essen; denn es ist heilig.

34 Wo aber etwas übrigbleibt von dem Fleisch der Füllung und von dem Brot bis an den Morgen, das sollst du mit Feuer verbrennen und nicht essen lassen; denn es ist heilig.

35 Und sollst also mit Aaron und seinen Söhnen tun alles, was ich dir geboten habe. Sieben Tage sollst du ihre Hände füllen

36 und täglich einen Farren zum Sündopfer schlachten zur Versöhnung. Und sollst den Altar entsündigen, wenn du ihn versöhnst, und sollst ihn salben, daß er geweiht werde.

37 Sieben Tage sollst du den Altar versöhnen und ihn weihen, daß er sei ein Hochheiliges. Wer den Altar anrühren will, der ist dem Heiligtum verfallen.

38 Und das sollst du mit dem Altar tun: zwei jährige Lämmer sollst du allewege des Tages darauf opfern,

39 Ein Lamm des Morgens, das andere gegen Abend;

40 Und zu einem Lamm ein zehntel Semmelmehl, gemengt mit einem Viertel von einem Hin gestoßenen Öls, und ein Viertel vom Hin Wein zum Trankopfer.

41 Mit dem andern Lamm gegen Abend sollst du tun wie mit dem Speisopfer und Trankopfer des Morgens, zu süßem Geruch, ein Feuer dem Herrn.

42 Das ist das tägliche Brandopfer bei euren Nachkommen vor der Tür der Hütte des Stifts, vor dem HERRN, da ich mich euch bezeugen und mit dir reden will.

43 Daselbst will ich mich den Kindern Israel bezeugen und geheiligt werden in meiner Herrlichkeit.

44 So will ich die Hütte des Stifts mit dem Altar heiligen und Aaron und seine Söhne mir zu Priestern weihen.

45 Und will unter den Kindern Israel wohnen und ihr Gott sein,

46 daß sie wissen sollen, ich sei der HERR, ihr Gott, der sie aus Ägyptenland führte, daß ich unter ihnen wohne, ich, der HERR, Ihr Gott.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 10143

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10143. A continual burnt-offering. That this signifies all Divine worship in general, is evident from the signification of a “burnt-offering,” as being Divine worship (of which below); and from the signification of “continual,” as being all, and in all (see above, n. 10133). Hence by the “continual burnt-offering” is signified all Divine worship in general, and when the lamb is meant from which is the burnt-offering, by which is signified the good of innocence, there is also signified in all worship. For all worship which is truly such must be from the truths of faith and the goods of love; and in all the good of love, and hence in all the truth of faith, there must be the good of innocence (n. 10133); thus by the “continual burnt-offering” is also signified in all worship.

[2] That a “burnt-offering” denotes Divine worship is because burnt-offerings and sacrifices were the chief things of representative worship with the Israelitish and Jewish nation, and all things relate to their chief, and are named from it. (That the chief thing of worship with that nation consisted in sacrifices and burnt-offerings, and that consequently by these is signified everything of worship in general, see n. 922, 1343, 2180, 6905, 8680, 8936, 10042.)

[3] But what the Divine worship is which is signified by sacrifices and burnt-offerings shall be briefly told. By the sacrifices and burnt-offerings was specifically signified purification from evils and falsities, and the implantation then of good and truth, and the conjunction of both, thus regeneration (see n. 10022, 10053, 10057). The man who is in these is in genuine worship, for purification from evils and falsities consists in desisting from them, and in shunning and turning away from them; and the implantation of good and of truth consists in thinking and willing what is good and what is true, and in speaking and doing them; and the conjunction of both consists in living from them; for when good and truth have been conjoined with a man, he then has a new will and a new understanding, consequently a new life. When a man is of this character, there is Divine worship in every work he does, for he then looks to the Divine in everything; he venerates it, and he loves it; consequently he worships it.

[4] That this is genuine Divine worship is unknown to those who make worship consist in adoration and prayers, thus in such things as are of the mouth and thought, and not in such as are of work from the good of love and the good of faith; when yet the Lord regards nothing else in the man who is in adoration and in prayers than his heart, that is, his interiors, such as they are in respect to love and the consequent faith. If therefore these interiors of man are not inwardly in adoration and prayers, there is no soul and life in them, but only an external such as is that of flatterers and pretenders, and that these are not pleasing to a wise man in the world is well known.

[5] In a word, to do according to the precepts of the Lord is truly to worship Him, nay, it is truly love and truly faith, as also can be seen by everyone who considers the matter; for nothing is more pleasing to one who loves anyone, and who believes anyone, than to will and do what the other wills and thinks, for it is his sole desire to know his will and thought, thus his good pleasure. It is otherwise with one who does not love and believe. Such also is the case with love to God, as also the Lord teaches in John:

He that hath My commandments, and doeth them, he it is who loveth Me; but he that loveth Me not, keepeth not My words (John 14:21, 24).

If ye keep My commandments, ye shall abide in My love; this is My commandment, that ye love one another (John 15:10, 12).

[6] That external worship without this internal is not worship, is also signified by what is said of burnt-offerings and sacrifices in Jeremiah:

I spoke not unto your fathers concerning burnt-offerings and sacrifices; but this word I commanded them, saying, Obey ye My voice, and I will be to you a God (Jeremiah 7:21-23).

I desire mercy, and not sacrifice, and the knowledges of God more than burnt-offerings (Hos. 6:6).

Shall I come before Jehovah with burnt-offerings? Will Jehovah be pleased with thousands of rams? He hath showed thee what is good, and what doth Jehovah require of thee, but to do judgment, and to love mercy, and to humble thyself in walking with thy God? (Micah 6:6-8).

Hath Jehovah pleasure in burnt-offering and sacrifices? Behold, to comply is better than sacrifice, and obedience than the fat of rams (1 Samuel 15:22).

(That the veriest worship of the Lord consists in a life of charity, and not in a life of piety without this, see n. 8252-8257)

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for the permission to use this translation.

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Arcana Coelestia # 2180

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2180. And took a son of an ox tender and good. That this signifies the celestial natural which the rational associated to itself, in order that it might conjoin itself with the perception from the Divine, is evident from the signification in the Word of a “bullock” or “son of an ox,” as being natural good. And as the Lord’s rational is treated of, it is called “tender” from the celestial-spiritual, or the truth of good; and “good” from the celestial itself, or good itself. In the genuine rational there is the affection of truth and the affection of good; but its chief thing [primarium] is the affection of truth (as before shown, n. 2072). Hence it is first called “tender,” and yet is called both “tender and good,” according to the usual practice in the Word, to indicate the marriage of good and truth (spoken of above, n. 2173).

[2] That a “bullock,” or “son of an ox,” signifies the celestial natural, or what is the same, natural good, is especially evident from the sacrifices, which were the principal representatives of worship in the Hebrew Church, and afterwards in the Jewish. Their sacrifices were made either from the herd or from the flock, thus from animals of various kinds that were clean, such as oxen, bullocks, he-goats, sheep, rams, she-goats, kids, and lambs; besides turtledoves and young pigeons, all of which animals signified internal things of worship, that is, things celestial and spiritual (n. 2165, 2177); the animals taken from the herd signifying celestial natural things, and those from the flock celestial rational things; and as both the natural and the rational things are more and more interior, and are various, therefore so many kinds and species of those animals were made use of in the sacrifices; as is also evident from its being prescribed what animals should be offered-in the burnt-offerings; in the sacrifices of various kinds, as in those that were daily, those of the Sabbaths and festivals, those that were voluntary, those for thanksgiving and vows, those expiatory of guilt and sin, those of purifying and cleansing, and those of inauguration-and also from their being expressly named, and how many of them should be used in each kind of sacrifice; which would never have been done unless each had signified some special thing. This is very evident from those passages where the sacrifices are treated of (as Exodus 29; Leviticus 1, 3, 4, 9, 16, 23; Numbers 7, 8, 15, 29). But this is not the place to set forth what each one signified. The case is similar in the Prophets where these animals are named, and from them it is evident that “bullocks” signified celestial natural things.

[3] That no other than heavenly things were signified, is also evident from the cherubs seen by Ezekiel, and from the animals before the throne seen by John. Concerning the cherubs the Prophet says:

The likeness of their faces was the face of a man, and they four had the face of a lion on the right side, and they four had the face of an ox on the left side, and they four had the face of an eagle (Ezekiel 1:10).

Concerning the four animals before the throne John says:

Around the throne were four animals; the first animal was like a lion, the second animal like a young bullock, the third animal had a face like a man, the fourth animal was like a flying eagle; saying, Holy, holy, holy, Lord God Almighty, who was, and who is, and who is to come (Revelation 4:6-8).

Everyone can see that holy things were represented by the cherubs and by these animals, and also by the oxen and young bullocks in the sacrifices. In like manner in the prophecy of Moses concerning Joseph:

Let it come upon the head of Joseph, and upon the crown of the head of him that was a Nazirite from his brethren. The firstling of his ox, honor is his; and his horns are the horns of the unicorn, with them he shall push the peoples together, to the ends of the earth (Deuteronomy 33:16-17).

None can understand these things unless it is known what an ox, a unicorn, horns, and other things signify in the internal sense.

[4] As regards sacrifices in general, they were indeed enjoined through Moses on the people of Israel, but the Most Ancient Church, that existed before the flood, knew nothing whatever about sacrifices; nor did it even come into their minds to worship the Lord by slaughtering animals. The Ancient Church, that existed after the flood, was likewise unacquainted with sacrifices. This church was indeed in representatives, but not in sacrifices. In fact sacrifices were first instituted in the following church, which was called the Hebrew Church, and from this spread to the nations, and from the same source they came to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and thus to the descendants of Jacob. That the nations were in a worship of sacrifices, was shown above (n. 1343); and that so were Jacob’s posterity before they went out of Egypt, thus before sacrifices were commanded by Moses upon Mount Sinai, is evident from what is said in Exodus 5:3; 10:25, 27; 18:12; 24:4-5; and especially from their idolatrous worship before the golden calf.

[5] Thus described in Moses:

Aaron built an altar before the calf, and Aaron made proclamation and said, Tomorrow is the feast of Jehovah. And they rose up early on the morrow, and offered burnt-offerings and brought peace-offerings; and the people sat down to eat, and to drink, and rose up to play (Exodus 32:5-6).

This was done while Moses was upon Mount Sinai, and thus before the command concerning the altar and the sacrifices came to them. The command came on this account-that the worship of sacrifices had become idolatrous with them, as it had with the gentiles, and from this worship they could not be withdrawn, because they regarded it as the chief holy thing. For what has once been implanted from infancy as holy, especially if by fathers, and thus inrooted, the Lord never breaks, but bends, unless it is contrary to order itself. This is the reason why it was directed that sacrifices should be instituted in the way described in the books of Moses.

[6] That sacrifices were by no means acceptable to Jehovah, thus were merely permitted and tolerated for the reason just stated, is very evident in the Prophets, as we read in Jeremiah:

Thus saith Jehovah Zebaoth the God of Israel, Add your burnt-offerings to your sacrifices, and eat flesh. I spoke not unto your fathers, and I commanded them not in the day that I brought them out of the land of Egypt, concerning burnt-offering and sacrifice; but this word I commanded them, saying, Obey My voice, and I will be your God (Jeremiah 7:21-23).

In David:

O Jehovah, sacrifice and offering Thou hast not willed, burnt-offering and sin-offering Thou hast not required. I have desired to do Thy will, O my God (Psalms 40:6, 8).

In the same:

Thou delightest not in sacrifice, that I should give it; burnt-offering Thou dost not accept. The sacrifices of God are a broken 1 spirit (Psalms 51:16-17).

In the same:

I will take no bullock out of thy house, nor he-goats out of thy folds; sacrifice to God confession (Psalms 50:9, 13-14; 107:21-22; 116:17; Deuteronomy 23:19).

In Hosea:

I will have mercy, and not sacrifice, and the knowledge of God more than burnt-offerings (Hos. 6:6).

Samuel said to Saul:

Hath Jehovah pleasure in burnt-offerings and sacrifices? Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice, to hearken than the fat of rams (1 Samuel 15:22).

In Micah:

Wherewith shall I come before Jehovah, and bow myself to the high God? Shall I come before Him with burnt-offerings, with calves of a year old? Will Jehovah be pleased with thousands of rams, with ten thousands of rivers of oil? He hath showed thee, O man, what is good; and what doth Jehovah require of thee, but to do judgment, and to love mercy, and to humble thyself in walking with thy God (Micah 6:6-8).

[7] From all this it is now evident that sacrifices were not commanded, but permitted; also that nothing else was regarded in the sacrifices than what is internal; and that it was the internal, not the external, that was acceptable. On this account also, the Lord abrogated them, as was likewise foretold by Daniel in these words:

In the midst of the week shall He cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease (Daniel 9:27),

where the Lord’s advent is treated of. (See what is said concerning sacrifices in volume 1, n. 922-923, 1128, 1823.) As regards the “son of an ox” which Abraham “made” or prepared for the three men, the case is the same as with that animal in the sacrifices. That it had a like signification is evident also from his telling Sarah to take three measures of fine flour. Concerning the fine flour to a bullock, we read in Moses:

When ye be come into the land; when thou shalt make a son of an ox a burnt-offering or a sacrifice, in pronouncing publicly a vow, or peace-offerings unto Jehovah, thou shalt offer upon the son of an ox a meat offering of three tenths of fine flour, mingled with oil (Numbers 15:8-9), where it is in like manner “three,” here “three tenths,” and above, “three measures;” but to a ram there were to be only two tenths, and to a lamb one tenth (Numbers 15:4-6).

Фусноте:

1. Contritus; but infractus n. 9818.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for the permission to use this translation.