2568. Eerder in dit hoofdstuk werd gezegd, dat de leer geen leer zou zijn, wanneer het redelijke werd geraadpleegd, nrs. 2516, 2538;

en dat het ook niet geraadpleegd werd, nrs. 2519, 2531. Hier wordt echter gezegd, dat de leer van het geloof werd verrijkt met zowel redelijke als natuurlijke goedheden en waarheden; dit lijkt op het eerste gezicht, alsof deze dingen elkaar tegenspreken en tegen elkaar indruisen, maar toch is dat niet zo. Hoe het bij de Heer was, werd gezegd; maar hoe het bij de mens is, zal nu worden gezegd.

Bij de mens is het geheel iets anders, uit de redelijke dingen de leer van het geloof te beschouwen en geheel iets anders, vanuit de leer van het geloof de redelijke dingen te beschouwen. Uit de redelijke dingen de leer van het geloof te beschouwen, is niet eerder het Woord of de daaruit voortvloeiende leer geloven, dan wanneer men door de redelijke dingen wordt overtuigd dat het zo is; maar uit de leer van het geloof de redelijke dingen te beschouwen, is eerst het Woord of de daaruit voortvloeiende leer geloven en daarna dit bevestigen door redelijke dingen. Het eerstgenoemde is de omgekeerde orde en maakt dat men niets gelooft, maar het laatstgenoemde is de echte orde en maakt dat men des te beter gelooft. Het is het eerstgenoemde, dat bedoeld is met de woorden ‘dat Abimelech zou sterven om der vrouwe wil’ waarmee wordt aangeduid, dat de leer van het geloof geen leer zou zijn, wanneer het redelijke werd geraadpleegd, nrs. 2516, 2538; hier wordt echter het laatstgenoemde bedoeld met de woorden ‘dat Abimelech een kudde van kleinvee en een kudde van grootvee gaf en dienstknechten en dienstmaagden’ waarmee wordt aangeduid, dat de leer van het geloof verrijkt werd met redelijke en natuurlijke goedheden en waarheden. Over deze dingen wordt veel gehandeld in het Woord in de innerlijke zin ervan, vooral waar sprake is van Aschur en Egypte, omdat, wanneer de leer van het geloof vanuit redelijke dingen wordt beschouwd – dat wil zeggen, niet eerder wordt geloofd dan wanneer de mens daardoor wordt overtuigd dat het zo is – zij dan niet alleen geen leer, maar ook al wat daarin is, geloochend wordt. Wanneer echter vanuit de leer van het geloof de redelijke dingen worden beschouwd, dat wil zeggen, wanneer het Woord geloofd wordt en daarna dezelfde dingen door redelijke dingen worden bevestigd, leeft de leer en wordt al wat daarin is bevestigd. Er zijn bijgevolg twee beginselen: het ene leidt tot alle onverstand en razernij, het andere leidt tot alle inzicht en wijsheid. Het ene beginsel komt hierop neer, dat men alles loochent of in zijn hart zegt, dat men deze dingen niet kan geloven, vooraleer men overtuigd is door hetgeen men kan vatten of voelen; dit is het beginsel dat tot alle onverstand en razernij leidt en men kan dit het ontkennende beginsel noemen. Het andere beginsel komt hierop neer, dat men de dingen bevestigt die tot de leer vanuit het Woord behoren, of dat men bij zichzelf denkt en gelooft, dat zij waar zijn, omdat de Heer het gezegd heeft; dit is het beginsel, dat tot alle inzicht en wijsheid leidt en het is het bevestigende beginsel te noemen. Hoe meer degenen die uit het ontkennende beginsel denken, de redelijke dingen raadplegen, hoe meer de wetenschappelijke dingen en hoe meer de filosofische, des te meer werpen en storten zij zich in duisternis, totdat zij tenslotte alles loochenen; de redenen hiervan zijn deze, dat niemand vanuit lagere dingen hogere dingen kan begrijpen, dat wil zeggen, vanuit die lagere dingen de geestelijke en hemelse, nog minder de Goddelijke, daar zij alle verstand te boven gaan en bovendien worden dan alle dingen afzonderlijk gewikkeld in ontkenningen vanuit dat beginsel. Omgekeerd echter kunnen degenen die vanuit een bevestigend beginsel denken, zich bevestigen door alle mogelijke redelijke en alle mogelijke wetenschappelijke, ja zelfs door filosofische dingen, die hun maar ten dienste staan, want al deze dingen zijn voor hen bevestigingen en geven hun een vollediger voorstelling van de zaak. Verder zijn er ook die in twijfel zijn voordat zij ontkennen en er zijn er die in twijfel zijn voordat zij toestemmen. Zij die in twijfel zijn voordat zij ontkennen, zijn diegenen die overhellen tot een leven van het boze en wanneer dit leven hen wegvoert, loochenen zij deze dingen, voor zoveel zij er over denken. Zij die echter in twijfel zijn voordat zij toestemmen, zijn degenen die overhellen tot een leven van het goede en wanneer zij zich daarheen laten ombuigen door de Heer, bevestigen zij deze dingen, voor zoveel zij er over denken. Daar hierover verder gehandeld wordt in de verzen die volgen, mag dit, door de Goddelijk barmhartigheid van de Heer, daar ter plaatse vollediger worden toegelicht, zie nr. 2588.

51. Of sciences and knowledges, by which the internal spiritual man is opened.

Those things are called scientifics, which are in the external or natural man, and its memory, but not those which are in the internal or spiritual man (n. 3019-3020, 3293, 3309, 4967, 9918, 9922). Scientifics, as belonging to the external or natural man, are respectively instruments of service, inasmuch as the external or natural man is made to serve the internal or spiritual man, just as the world is made to serve heaven (n. 5077, 5125, 5128, 5786, 5947, 10272, 10471). The external man is respectively the world, because the laws of Divine order existing in the world are inscribed therein; and the internal man is respectively heaven, because the laws of Divine order existing in heaven are inscribed therein (n. 4523-4524, 5368, 6013, 6057, 9278-9279, 9283, 9709, 10156, 10472); and in the work on Heaven and Hell (n. 51-58).

There are scientifics which concern natural things, scientifics which relate to the civil state and life, scientifics which relate to the moral state and life, and scientifics which relate to the spiritual state and life (n. 5774, 5934). But for distinction's sake, those which relate to the spiritual state and life are called knowledges, consisting principally of doctrinals (n. 9945).

Man ought to be imbued with sciences and knowledges, since by these he learns to think, then to understand what is true and good, and finally to be wise, that is 129 to live according to them ¹ (n. Arcana Coelestia 129, 1450-1451, 1453, 1548, 1802). Scientifics and knowledges are the first things, on which is built and founded the civil, moral, and spiritual life of man; but they are to be learned for the sake of the use of life as their end (n. 1489, 3310). Knowledges open the way to the internal man, and then conjoin it with the external according to uses (n. 1563, 1616). The rational is born by sciences and knowledges (n. 1895, 1900, 3086). Yet not by sciences and knowledges themselves, but by the affection of uses from them, and according to such affection (n. 1895). The internal man is opened and successively perfected by sciences and knowledges, provided man has some good use for an end, particularly a use that regards eternal life (n. 3086). Then the scientifics and knowledges which are in the natural man meet the spiritual things from the celestial and spiritual man and adopt those which agree (n. 1495). Uses of heavenly life are then extracted, refined, and elevated by the Lord, through the internal man, from the scientifics and knowledges which are in the natural man (n. 1895-1896, 1900-1902, 5871, 5874, 5901). And the scientifics which are incongruous and adverse are rejected to the sides and exterminated (n. 5871, 5886, 5889). The sight of the internal man calls nothing forth from the scientifics and knowledges of the external man, but such as are of its love (n. 9394[1-6]). Scientifics and knowledges are disposed in bundles, and conjoined according to the loves which introduced them (n. 5881). Then in the sight of the internal man, those which are of the love are in the middle and in clearness, but those which are not of the love are at the sides and in obscurity (n. 6068, 6084). Scientifics and knowledges with man are successively implanted in his loves, and dwell in them (n. 6325). Man would be born into every science, and thereby into intelligence, if he were born into love to the Lord and love towards the neighbor; but because he is born into the love of self and the world, he is born in total ignorance (n. 6323, 6325). Science, intelligence, and wisdom are the sons of love to the Lord and of love towards the neighbor (n. 1226, 2049, 2116).

Scientifics and knowledges, because they are of the external or natural man, are in the light of the world; but truths, which are become truths of love and faith, and have thus obtained life, are in the light of heaven (n. 5212). Nevertheless the truths, which have thus obtained life, are comprehended by man through natural ideas (n. 5510). Spiritual influx is through the internal man into the scientifics and knowledges which are in the external (n. 1940, 8005). Scientifics and knowledges are the receptacles and as it were the vessels of the truth and good of the internal man (n. 1469, 1496, 3068, 5489, 6004, 6023, 6052, 6071, 6077, 7770, 9922). Therefore by "vessels" in the Word, in the spiritual sense, are signified scientifics and knowledges (n. 3068-3069, 3079, 9394, 9544, 9723-9724). Scientifics are as it were mirrors, in which the truths and goods of the internal man appear, and are perceived as in an image (n. 5201[1-7]). And there they are together as in their ultimate (n. 5373, 5874, 5886, 5901, 6004, 6023, 6052, 6071, 6077). Scientifics, because they are in the light of the world, are involved and obscure respectively to those things which are in the light of heaven; thus the things which are in the external man respectively to those in the internal (n. 2831). For which reason also by "involved" in the Word is signified what is scientific (n. 2831). So also by "the obscurity of a cloud" (n. 8443, 10551).

Every principle is to be drawn from the truths of doctrine from the Word, which are first to be acknowledged, and then it is allowable to consult scientifics in order to confirm those truths, and thus they are corroborated (n. 6047). Thus it is allowable for those who are in the affirmative concerning the truths of faith, intellectually to confirm them by scientifics; but not for those who are in the negative, because a preceding affirmative draws all to favor its side, and a preceding negative draws all to its side (n. 2568, 2588, 3913, 4760, 6047). There is a doubting affirmative, and a doubting negative, the former with some who are good, and the latter with the evil (n. 2568). To enter from the truths of faith into scientifics is according to order; but on the other hand, to enter from scientifics into the truths of faith is contrary to order (n. 10236). In as much as influx is spiritual, and not physical or natural, thus from the truths of faith, because these are spiritual, into scientifics, because these are natural (n. 3219, 5119, 5259, 5427-5428, 5478, 6322, 9109-9110).

Whoever is in a doubting negative state, which in itself is a negative, and says that he will not believe until he is persuaded by scientifics, will never believe (n. 2094, 2832). They who do so, become insane as to those things which are of the church and heaven (n. 128-130). They fall into the falsities of evil (n. 232-233, 6047). And in the other life, when they think about spiritual things, they are as it were drunken (n. 1072). A further description of them (n. 196). Examples to illustrate that spiritual things cannot be comprehended, if the order of entering into them be inverted (n. 233, 2094, 2196, 2203, 2209). Many of the learned are more insane in spiritual things, than the simple, because they are in the negative, and have abundance of scientifics, by which they confirm the negative (n. 4760). An example of a learned man, who could understand nothing concerning spiritual life (n. 8629). They who reason from scientifics against the truths of faith, reason sharply, inasmuch as they do it from the fallacies of the senses, which captivate and persuade, for it is with difficulty these can be shaken off (n. 5700). They who understand nothing of truth, and they also who are in evil, can reason concerning the truths and goods of faith, and yet be in no enlightenment (n. 4214). Only to confirm a dogma, is not the part of an intelligent man, because falsity can be as easily confirmed as the truth (n. 1017, 2482, 2490, 4741, 5033, 6865, 7012, 7680, 7950, 8521, 8780). They who reason concerning the truths of the church, whether a thing be so or not, are evidently in obscurity respecting truths, and not yet in spiritual light (n. 215, 1385, 3033, 3428).

There are scientifics which admit Divine truths, and others which do not (n. 5213). Vain scientifics ought to be destroyed (n. 1489, 1492, 1499-1500). Those are vain scientifics which regard for their end and confirm the loves of self and the world, and which withdraw from love to the Lord and love towards the neighbor because such scientifics shut up the internal man, so that he is not then capable of receiving anything from heaven (n. 1563, 1600). Scientifics are the means of becoming wise, and the means of becoming insane; and by them the internal man is either opened or shut; and thus the rational is either cultivated or destroyed (n. 4156, 8628, 9922).

Sciences after death are of no account, but only those things which man has imbibed in his understanding and life by means of sciences (n. 2480). Nevertheless all scientifics remain after death, but they are quiescent (n. 2476-2479, 2481-2486).

The same scientifics which with the evil are falsities because applied to evils, with the good are truths, because applied to goods (n. 6917). Scientific truths with the evil are not truths, however they may appear as truths when spoken, because within them there is evil, and consequently they are falsified; and the science of those men by no means deserves to be called science, inasmuch as it is destitute of life (n. 10331).

It is one thing to be wise, another to understand, another to know, and another to do; but still, with those who are in spiritual life, they follow in order, and correspond, and are together in doing or in deeds (n. 10331). It is also one thing to know, another to acknowledge, and another to have faith (n. 896).

What is the quality of the desire of knowing, which spirits have is shown by an example (n. 1973). Angels have an immense desire of knowing and of becoming wise, inasmuch as science, intelligence and wisdom, are spiritual food (n. 3114, 4459, 4792, 4976, 5147, 5293, 5340, 5342, 5410, 5426, 5576, 5582, 5588, 5655, 6277, 8562, 9003).

The chief science with the ancients was the science of correspondences, but at this day it is lost (n. 3021, 3419, 4280, 4844, 4964, 4966, 6004, 7729, 10252). The science of correspondences flourished with the orientals, and in Egypt (n. 5702, 6692, 7097, 7779, 9391, 10407). Thence came their hieroglyphics (n. 6692, 7097). The ancients by the science of correspondences introduced themselves into the knowledges of spiritual things (n. 4749, 4844, 4966). The Word is written by mere correspondences, whence its internal or spiritual sense, the existence of which cannot be known without the science of correspondences, nor can the quality of the Word (n. 3131, 3472-3485, 8615, 10687). How much the science of correspondences excels other sciences (n. 4280).

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