De Bijbel

 

Exodo 28

Studie

   

1 At ilapit mo sa iyo si Aarong iyong kapatid at ang kaniyang mga anak na kasama niya, mula sa gitna ng mga anak ni Israel, upang makapangasiwa sa akin sa katungkulang saserdote, si Aaron, si Nadab at si Abiu, si Eleazar at si Ithamar, na mga anak ni Aaron.

2 At igagawa mo ng mga banal na kasuutan si Aarong iyong kapatid sa ikaluluwalhati at ikagaganda.

3 At iyong sasalitain sa lahat ng matalino, na aking pinagpupuspos ng diwa ng karunungan, na kanilang gawin ang kasuutan ni Aaron, upang siya'y italaga, na siya'y makapangasiwa sa akin sa katungkulang saserdote.

4 At ito ang mga kasuutang kanilang gagawin; isang pektoral, at isang epod, at isang balabal, at isang tunika na tinahing guhitguhit na naaanyong pariparisukat, isang mitra at isang pamigkis: at kanilang igagawa ng mga banal na kasuutan si Aarong iyong kapatid, at ang kaniyang mga anak, upang makapangasiwa sa akin sa katungkulang saserdote.

5 At kukuha sila ng ginto, at ng kayong bughaw, at ng kulay-ube, at ng pula, at ng lino.

6 At kanilang gagawin ang epod na ginto, at kayong bughaw, at kulay-ube, pula, at linong pinili, na yari ng bihasang mangbuburda.

7 Magkakaroon ng dalawang pangbalikat na nagkakasugpong sa dalawang dulo niyaon; upang magkasugpong.

8 At ang mainam na pagkayaring pamigkis na nasa ibabaw ng epod upang ibigkis, ay gagawing gaya ng pagkayari ng epod at kaputol, na ginto, kayong bughaw, at kulay-ube, at pula, at linong pinili.

9 At kukuha ka ng dalawang batong onix, at iyong iuukit na limbag sa ibabaw ng mga yaon ang mga pangalan ng mga anak ni Israel:

10 Anim sa kanilang mga pangalan ay sa isang bato, at ang mga pangalan ng anim na natitira ay sa isang bato, ayon sa kanilang kapanganakan.

11 Nayari ng manguukit sa bato, na gaya ng ukit ng isang panatak, iyong iuukit sa dalawang bato, ayon sa mga pangalan ng mga anak ni Israel: iyong gagawing napamumutihan ng mga kalupkop na ginto.

12 At iyong ilalagay ang dalawang bato sa ibabaw ng pangbalikat ng epod, upang maging mga batong pinakaalaala sa ikagagaling ng mga anak ni Israel: at papasanin ni Aaron ang kanilang mga pangalan sa harap ng Panginoon, sa ibabaw ng kaniyang dalawang balikat, na pinakaalaala.

13 At gagawa ka ng mga kalupkop na ginto:

14 At ng dalawang tanikalang taganas na ginto; parang pisi iyong gagawin na yaring pinili: at iyong ilalapat sa mga kalupkop ang mga tanikalang pinili.

15 At gagawin mo ang pektoral ng kahatulan, na gawa ng bihasang manggagawa; na gaya ng pagkayari ng epod iyong gagawin; gagawin mo na ginto, na bughaw, at kulay-ube, at pula, at linong pinili.

16 Gagawing parisukat at nakatiklop; isang dangkal magkakaroon ang haba niyaon, at isang dangkal ang luwang niyaon.

17 At iyong kakalupkupan ng mga kalupkop na mga bato, apat na hanay na bato: isang hanay na sardio, topacio, at karbungko ang magiging unang hanay;

18 At ang ikalawang hanay, ay isang esmeralda, isang zapiro, at isang diamante;

19 At ang ikatlong hanay ay isang hasinto, isang agata, at isang amatista;

20 At ang ikaapat na hanay ay isang berilo, isang onix, at isang haspe: pawang pamumutihan ng ginto sa kanilang mga kalupkop.

21 At ang mga bato ay iaayos sa mga pangalan ng mga anak ni Israel; labingdalawa, ayon sa mga pangalan nila; gaya ng ukit ng isang panatak, bawa't isa'y ayon sa kanilang pangalan, na magiging ukol sa labing dalawang lipi.

22 At gagawa ka sa ibabaw ng pektoral ng mga tanikalang parang pisi, yaring pinili, na taganas na ginto.

23 At igagawa mo ang ibabaw ng pektoral ng dalawang singsing na ginto, at ilalagay mo ang dalawang singsing sa dalawang sulok ng itaas ng pektoral.

24 At inyong ilalagay ang dalawang pinising tanikalang ginto sa dalawang singsing sa mga sulok ng pektoral.

25 At ang dalawang dulo ng dalawang tanikala ng pinili ay iyong ilalapat sa dalawang kalupkop, at iyong mga ilalagay sa mga pangbalikat ng epod, sa harapan.

26 At gagawa ka ng dalawang singsing na ginto, at mga ilalagay mo sa dalawang sulok ng pektoral sa laylayan niyaon na nasa dakong kabaligtaran ng epod.

27 At gagawa ka ng dalawang singsing na ginto, at iyong mga ikakapit sa dalawang pangbalikat ng epod, sa dakong ibaba, sa harapan, na malapit sa pagkakasugpong sa ibabaw ng mainam na pagkayaring pamigkis ng epod.

28 At kanilang itatali ang pektoral sa pamamagitan ng mga singsing niyaon sa mga singsing ng epod ng isang taling bughaw, upang mamalagi sa ibabaw ng mainam na pagkayaring pamigkis ng epod, at upang ang pektoral ay huwag makalag sa epod.

29 At dadalhin ni Aaron sa kaniyang sinapupunan ang mga pangalan ng mga anak ni Israel na nasa pektoral ng kahatulan pagka siya'y pumapasok sa dakong banal, na pinakaalaala sa harap ng Panginoon, na palagi.

30 At ilalagay mo sa pektoral ng kahatulan ang Urim at ang Tummim at mga ilalagay sa sinapupunan ni Aaron, pagka siya'y pumapasok sa harap ng Panginoon at dadalhing palagi ni Aaron sa harap ng Panginoon ang kahatulan sa mga anak ni Israel na nasa kaniyang sinapupunan.

31 At gagawin mo ang balabal ng epod na taganas na bughaw.

32 At magkakaroon ng isang pinakaleeg sa gitna niyaon: magkakaroon ito ng isang uriang tinahi sa palibot ng pinakaleeg, gaya ng butas ng isang koselete, upang huwag mapunit.

33 At ang saya niyaon ay igagawa mo ng mga granadang bughaw, at kulay-ube, at pula, sa palibot ng saya niyaon; at ng mga kampanilyang ginto sa gitna ng mga yaon sa palibot:

34 Isang kampanilyang ginto at isang granada, isang kampanilyang ginto at isang granada sa saya sa ibaba ng balabal sa palibot.

35 At isusuot ni Aaron upang mangasiwa: at ang tunog niyao'y maririnig pagka siya'y pumapasok sa dakong banal sa harap ng Panginoon, at pagka siya'y lumalabas, upang siya'y huwag mamatay.

36 At gagawa ka ng isang laminang taganas na ginto, at doo'y isusulat mong ukit na ayon sa ukit ng isang panatak, Banal sa Panginoon.

37 At iyong ilalagay sa isang listong bughaw, at malalagay sa ibabaw ng mitra; sa ibabaw ng harapan ng mitra malalagay.

38 At malalagay sa noo ni Aaron, at dadalhin ni Aaron ang kasamaan ng mga banal na bagay, na pakakabanalin ng mga anak ni Israel sa lahat nilang mga banal na kaloob; at malalagay na palagi sa kaniyang noo, upang tanggapin sa harap ng Panginoon.

39 At iyong hahabihin ang kasuutan na anyong parisukat, na lino, at iyong gagawin ang mitra na lino, at iyong gagawin ang pamigkis na yari ng mangbuburda.

40 At iyong igagawa ang mga anak ni Aaron ng mga kasuutan, at iyong igagawa sila ng mga pamigkis, at iyong igagawa sila ng mga tiara sa ikaluluwalhati at ikagaganda.

41 At iyong isusuot kay Aarong iyong kapatid at sa kaniyang mga anak na kasama niya; at iyong papahiran ng langis sila, at iyong itatalaga sila, at iyong papagbanalin sila, upang sila'y makapangasiwa sa akin, sa katungkulang saserdote.

42 At iyong igagawa sila ng mga salawal na lino, upang takpan ang laman ng kanilang kahubaran; mula sa mga balakang hanggang sa mga hita aabot.

43 At isusuot ni Aaron at ng kaniyang mga anak, pagka sila'y pumapasok sa tabernakulo ng kapisanan, o pagka sila'y lumalapit sa dambana upang mangasiwa sa dakong banal; upang sila'y huwag magdala ng kasamaan, at huwag mamatay: magiging isang palatuntunang walang hanggan sa kaniya at sa kaniyang binhi pagkamatay niya.

   

Van Swedenborgs Werken

 

Arcana Coelestia #10042

Bestudeer deze passage

  
/ 10837  
  

10042. 'And you shall take one ram' means the good of innocence in the internal man. This is clear from the meaning of 'a ram' as the good of innocence and charity in the internal man, dealt with below. Since sacrifices and burnt offerings of rams and lambs are referred to in this chapter, the general meaning of the living creatures offered in sacrifices and burnt offerings must be stated. Those creatures were oxen, young bulls, and he-goats; rams, she-goats, and he-kids; and he-lambs, she-lambs, and she-kids of she-goats. Anyone who does not know what these creatures serve to mean cannot possibly know what is meant by a sacrifice or burnt offering of any of them in particular. It should be recognized that all living creatures on earth serve to mean things such as reside in the human being, which in general consist in affections present in his will and in thoughts present in his understanding, and so consist in forms of good and in truths; for forms of good belong to the will and truths to the understanding. And since those things consist in forms of good and in truths they also consist in love and faith; for all aspects of love are called forms of good, and all matters of faith are called truths.

[2] The reason why these different kinds of living creatures serve to mean such things lies in representatives in the next life, where creatures belonging to many genera and countless species appear. Such creatures there are wholly lifelike appearances corresponding to spirits' and angels' affections and thoughts. The truth of this is evident also from the visions of the prophets spoken of in places throughout the Word; for all the things that were seen by the prophets are such as appear in heaven before angels' eyes. This explains why mention in the Word is so often made of beasts or animals, each of which serves to mean something belonging to one of the categories of things residing in the human being. As to his outward self the human being is no more than an animal; but his inward self makes him different. By means of his inward self both this inward self and his outward self can be raised towards heaven and up to God, and can as a consequence receive faith and love. This is why animals were used in sacrifices and burnt offerings. The person who knows nothing of all this cannot possibly know the reason why it was commanded to offer young bulls, rams, or he-lambs on one occasion, oxen, she-goats, and she-lambs on another, and he-goats, he-kids, and she-kids of she-goats on yet another. What other reason could there be for these differences? For the meaning of animals or beasts in the Word as forms of good or evils present with a person, and also truths or falsities, see 142, 143, 246, 714, 715, 776, 1823, 2179, 2180, 2781, 3218, 3519, 5198, 7523, 7872, 9090; and for their use in sacrifices on account of that meaning, 1823, 2180, 2805, 2807, 2830.

[3] So far however as sacrifices and burnt offerings of those creatures are concerned it should be recognized that,

1. Representative worship among the Jewish and Israelite nation consisted first and foremost in sacrifices and burnt offerings.

2. Sacrifices and burnt offerings in general served to mean the regeneration of a person by means of the truths of faith and forms of the good of love received from the Lord, and in the highest sense the glorification of the Lord's Human.

3. Everything belonging to worship - all the different things constituting it, thus worship in all its variety - was represented by the sacrifices and burnt offerings; and this is why it was decreed that different kinds of living creatures should be used.

[4] But to deal with these considerations in detail,

1. Representative worship among the Jewish and Israelite nation consisted first and foremost in sacrifices and burnt offerings

This is clear from the fact that they were used for every sin and all guilt, and also for every consecration and admission to office, besides being used daily, on every sabbath, at each new moon, and at every feast; and for this reason the altar was the holiest object of all. Every other act of worship among that nation grew out of an occasion for sacrifice, which explains why it says in Daniel, when the abolition of representative worship is the subject, that the sacrifice and the offering will cease, Daniel 9:27, and the continual [sacrifice] will be removed, Daniel 8:10-13; 11:31; 12:11. In particular 'the continual' means the sacrifice that was offered daily, and in general all worship. But see what has been shown already on these matters,

Sacrifices in general mean all representative worship, 923, 2165, 6905, 8680, 8936.

The altar was the chief representative of the Lord and consequently of worship, 2777, 2811, 8935, 8940, 9388, 9389, 9714, 9964.

The ancients before Eber knew nothing about sacrifices, 2180.

Sacrifices were established in Eber's time, existing from then on among the Hebrew nation, and consequently among the descendants of Jacob, and why they did so, 1128, 1343, 2180, 2818.

Sacrifices were not commanded, only permitted, 2180.

[5] 2. Sacrifices and burnt offerings in general served to mean the regeneration of a person by means of the truths of faith in the Lord and forms of the good of love to Him, both received from the Lord

This is clear from the fact that all aspects of worship have regard to purification from evils and falsities, the implantation of truth and good, and the joining together of these, thus to regeneration since by means of those three a person is regenerated. This explains why sacrifices and burnt offerings were offered for every sin and all guilt; and it says, when they were offered, that it was expiated and would be pardoned, Leviticus 4:20, 26, 31, 35; 5:6, 10, 13, 18; 6:7; 7:7; 10:17; 14:18-19; 15:30-31; 16:6, 24; 17:11. The pardoning of sins, expiation, propitiation, and redemption are nothing other than purification from evils and falsities, the implantation of goodness and truth, and the joining together of these, which is regeneration, 9076, 9452-9454, 9937, 9938. The whole process of regeneration is also described by the specific observances belonging to each sacrifice and burnt offering, and a clear view of that process emerges when the internal sense is used to unfold the representative elements of it, 10022.

[6] In the highest sense sacrifices and burnt offerings serve to mean the glorification of the Lord's Human

This is so because all the ritual observances belonging to worship that were established among the Israelite and Jewish nation had regard solely to the Lord; thus more than all else the sacrifices and burnt offerings - by which in general everything belonging to worship was represented, as shown above - had regard to Him. Furthermore the only source of human regeneration is the Lord, 9486, 9487, 9506, 9715, 9809, 10019. When therefore the Word deals with human regeneration the subject in the highest sense is the glorification of the Lord's Human; for the regeneration of a person is an image of the glorification of the Lord, 3138, 3212, 3296, 3490, 4402, 5688. Glorifying His Human implies making it Divine, whereas regenerating a person implies making him heavenly, in order that what is Divine and the Lord's may dwell in him.

[7] 3. Everything belonging to worship - all the different things constituting it, thus worship in all its variety - was represented by the sacrifices and burnt offerings; and this is why it was decreed that different kinds of living creatures should be used

This is clear from all the different situations for which sacrifices and burnt offerings were prescribed - for sins committed through error, and for sins not committed through error; for every trespass and uncleanness, whether on the part of a priest, the whole congregation, a leader, or any ordinary person 1 ; for cleansing from leprosy; for purification after childbirth; for consecration of the altar, the tent of meeting, and everything in it; for the cleansing of these when Aaron went once a year into the holy of holies; for the admission of Aaron and his sons to the priestly office; for the consecration of Nazirites; and in general at the three feasts, at each new moon, on the sabbaths, and morning and evening 2 every day; and in addition votive offerings and free-will offerings.

[8] Since sacrifices and burnt offerings were prescribed for so many different situations and they represented all the different things constituting worship, it was also decreed that different kinds of creatures should be used - young bulls, oxen, and he-goats; rams, she-goats, and he-kids; and he-lambs, she-lambs, and she-kids of she-goats. Sacrifices and burnt offerings of young bull, ox, and he-goat represented the purification and regeneration of the external or natural man; those of ram, she-goat, and he-kid represented the purification and regeneration of the internal or spiritual man; and those of he-lamb, she-lamb, and she-kid of the she-goats represented the purification and regeneration of the inmost or celestial man. For there are three degrees that follow in order in a person, namely celestial, spiritual, and natural, see 9992, 10005, 10017; and if a person is to be regenerated the things that are internal and those that are external must be regenerated, see the places referred to in 9325(end).

[9] But what is meant specifically by the sacrifice and burnt offering of a ram that are referred to in the present chapter is clear from places in the Word where sacrifices and burnt offerings of rams are described or where a ram is mentioned. From those places it is evident that 'a ram' means the good of innocence and charity in the internal man, and that a sacrifice and burnt offering of it mean purification and regeneration of the internal man, and so the implantation of the good of innocence and charity there. This meaning of 'a ram' is clear from the following places: In Isaiah,

All the flocks of Arabia will be gathered to you, the rams of Nebaioth will minister to you; they will come up with acceptance on My altar. Isaiah 60:7.

This refers to the Lord, and to heaven and His Church. 'The flocks of Arabia' are all the forms of good belonging to the internal man, 'the rams of Nebaioth' are the forms of the good of innocence and charity there, 'flocks' being forms of good that belong to the internal man, see 8937, 9135, 'Arabia' a place where good exists, 3268, and 'Nebaioth' those there who are governed by that good, 3268, 3686, 3688.

[10] In Ezekiel,

Arabia and all the princes of Kedar, [these were] the merchants of your hand through [the trading of] small cattle, and rams, and he-goats. Ezekiel 27:21.

This refers to Tyre, by which is meant the Church where cognitions or knowledge of good and truth exist, 1201. 'The merchants' are those who possess them and pass them on, 2967, 4453; 'cattle' are forms of the good of love, 'rams' forms of the good of charity, and 'he-goats' forms of the good of faith. In the Word reference is made to 'flocks', 'small cattle' 3 , and 'members of the flock', for which the original language has distinct and separate terms. By 'flocks' internal things in general are meant, by 'members of the flock' the same things in particular, and by 'small cattle' inmost things in particular. But by 'herds' external things are meant. In Jeremiah,

I will cause them to come down like small cattle to the slaughter, like rams with he-goats. Jeremiah 51:40.

'Small cattle', 'rams', and 'he-goats' here have much the same meaning.

[11] In Ezekiel,

Thus said the Lord Jehovih, Behold, I am judging between members of the flock and members of the flock 4 , between rams, and between he-goats. Ezekiel 34:17.

'Between members of the flock and members of the flock' stands for between those with whom interior things of good and of evil are present. 'Between rams and between he-goats' stands for between those with whom charity and consequently faith are present and those with whom truths of faith without charity are present. 'Rams' here have the same meaning as 'sheep', rams being male sheep. For the meaning of 'sheep' as those with whom charity and consequently faith are present, see 4169, 4809; and for that of 'he-goats' as those with whom truths that are called the truths of faith are present but without charity, 4169(end), 4769. The ram and the he-goat in Daniel 8:1-end have the same meaning, as do the sheep and the goats in Matthew 25:32-end.

[12] In Moses,

If a soul has sinned through error he shall bring his guilt offering to Jehovah, a ram without blemish out of the flock. Leviticus 5:15, 18; 6:6.

By sacrifices of rams is meant purification of the internal man and the implantation of the good of innocence there; for sin committed through error is sin owing to ignorance that has innocence within it, and the innocence of ignorance belongs to the internal man.

[13] In the same author,

At new moons they were to offer two young bulls, one ram, and seven lambs, and afterwards a he-goat of the she-goats. The same thing was to be done every day during Passover, and also on the day of the firstfruits. Numbers 28:11, 15, 19, 22, 27, [Numbers 28:30.]

All this was done in order that the purification of the whole person - the external, the internal, and the inmost - might be represented. The purification of the external man was represented by the sacrifice and burnt offering of the young bulls, of the internal by those of the ram, and of the inmost by those of the lambs. And since purification was represented, so too was the implantation of the good of innocence; for a young bull is the good of innocence in the external man, a ram that good in the internal man, and a lamb that good in the inmost man, as has been stated above. The reason why the last of the creatures was a he-goat was that 'a he-goat' means the truth of faith in the external man, and the truth of faith there is last and lowest, 9959. Since the forms of good and the truths present with a person follow one another in this order, therefore also the gifts of the princes of Israel when the altar and the tent of meeting were anointed were a young bull, a ram, and a lamb for burnt offerings, and a he-goat of the she-goats for a sacrifice, Numbers 7:15-17, 21-23, 27-29, 33ff.

From all this it may now be recognized that 'a ram' means the good of innocence and charity in the internal man.

Voetnoten:

1. literally, any soul

2. literally, between the evenings

3. The expression small cattle describes animals belonging to a flock.

4. i.e. between good ones and bad ones

  
/ 10837  
  

Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.