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John 21:15-25 : Feed my lambs, Feed my sheep

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15 So when they had dined, Jesus saith to Simon Peter, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me more than these? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love thee. He saith unto him, Feed my lambs.

16 He saith to him again the second time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love thee. He saith unto him, Feed my sheep.

17 He saith unto him the third time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me? Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third time, Lovest thou me? And he said unto him, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love thee. Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep.

18 Verily, verily, I say unto thee, When thou wast young, thou girdedst thyself, and walkedst whither thou wouldest: but when thou shalt be old, thou shalt stretch forth thy hands, and another shall gird thee, and carry thee whither thou wouldest not.

19 This spake he, signifying by what death he should glorify God. And when he had spoken this, he saith unto him, Follow me.

20 Then Peter, turning about, seeth the disciple whom Jesus loved following; which also leaned on his breast at supper, and said, Lord, which is he that betrayeth thee?

21 Peter seeing him saith to Jesus, Lord, and what shall this man do?

22 Jesus saith unto him, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee? follow thou me.

23 Then went this saying abroad among the brethren, that that disciple should not die: yet Jesus said not unto him, He shall not die; but, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee?

24 This is the disciple which testifieth of these things, and wrote these things: and we know that his testimony is true.

25 And there are also many other things which Jesus did, the which, if they should be written every one, I suppose that even the world itself could not contain the books that should be written. Amen.

Commentaire

 

Une conversation après le petit-déjeuner

Par Joe David (traduit automatiquement en Français)

This inscription is on a stone at the church hall in South Ronaldsey, in the Orkneys, northeast of Scotland.

(Un commentaire sur Jean 21:15-25)

Dans la première partie de ce chapitre, sept des disciples du Seigneur étaient rentrés chez eux en Galilée. Ils étaient partis pêcher, avaient vu Jésus sur le rivage, avaient suivi ses instructions de pêcher du côté droit de la barque, avaient traîné un filet chargé de 153 poissons jusqu'au rivage et... au début de la deuxième partie du chapitre, ils venaient de rompre leur jeûne avec Lui. Maintenant, ils se détendent.

Jésus dit à Pierre : "M'aimes-tu ?" et Pierre, peut-être un peu surpris par la question, pensant que la réponse est évidente, répond "oui", et Jésus lui répond : "Pais mes agneaux". Cette séquence se répète encore deux fois, mais avec quelques changements. Puis, après cette conversation inhabituelle, le Seigneur leur raconte à tous une petite parabole sur la jeunesse et la vieillesse. Puis le Seigneur dit à Pierre de le suivre, et Pierre, apparemment jaloux, demande ce que Jean est censé faire. Le Seigneur réprimande légèrement la jalousie de Pierre en disant : "Si cet homme reste jusqu'à ce que je vienne, que vous importe ?", mais il dit ensuite à Jean de le suivre aussi.

Enfin, l'évangile de Jean, et en fait la collection des quatre évangiles, se termine par une explication de Jean selon laquelle il est l'auteur de cet évangile.

Maintenant, examinons de plus près la conversation, la parabole et la crise de jalousie.

Seuls deux des sept disciples, Pierre et Jean, sont mentionnés dans cette partie de l'histoire. Pierre représente la foi, ou la vérité, mais la vérité sur les choses spirituelles que nous croyons vraiment venir de Dieu. Jean représente le bien, ou l'amour du prochain. Le premier réside dans la partie compréhension de l'esprit et le second dans la partie volonté de l'esprit.

En disant à Pierre de paître ses brebis, le Seigneur dit que le suivre signifie prêcher les vérités que tous les disciples connaissent maintenant au sujet du Seigneur, de sa venue, et de la façon dont une vie devrait être menée, afin d'être un disciple du Seigneur dans une nouvelle église. Dans la conversation, le Seigneur est direct et approfondi. "Simon, fils de Jonas, m'aimes-tu plus que ceux-ci ?" Je pense que l'on demande à Pierre s'il aime le Seigneur, Jésus, plus qu'il n'aime ses amis galiléens, bien que la question soit ambiguë, elle pourrait signifier "m'aimes-tu plus que ces six autres ?". Lorsque Pierre répond la première fois, il dit "Seigneur, tu sais que je t'aime".

Avec cette première des trois questions d'approfondissement, le Seigneur répond "Pais mes agneaux", tandis qu'ensuite la réponse est "Pais mes brebis". Les brebis et les agneaux représentent tous deux des personnes qui sont dans un amour de faire le bien, mais alors que les brebis signifient ceux qui aiment faire le bien pour le prochain, les agneaux signifient ceux qui font le bien pour le Seigneur. Le premier est le bien spirituel, et le second est plus élevé, et est appelé bien céleste. Mais les personnes qui veulent faire le bien au début ne savent pas ce qui est bon ; elles doivent l'apprendre de la Parole et être enseignées. C'est pourquoi il est dit à Pierre de "les nourrir", ce qui revient à dire que la vérité doit indiquer comment faire le bien. Pour faire le bien, il faut que le désir de la volonté et la compréhension de la manière de s'y prendre soient conjoints. Pour une vie chrétienne réussie, ou à plus grande échelle, pour une église chrétienne, "Pierre" et "Jean" doivent travailler en harmonie.

Puis vient la parabole. " Quand tu étais jeune, tu te préparais et tu faisais ce que tu voulais par toi-même. Mais quand tu deviens vieux, tu dois demander de l'aide et un autre te portera là où tu ne veux pas aller."

Cela ne semble pas avoir sa place ici, mais bien sûr que si, et de deux manières. La première façon est donnée dans le texte biblique ; il s'agit de la mort du Seigneur, que toutes les prophéties le conduisaient à sa crucifixion, comme cela est mentionné. La deuxième façon est une leçon pour nous tous. Lorsque nous sommes jeunes, confiants et forts, nous pensons que nous pouvons faire ce que nous voulons et que nous n'avons pas besoin d'aide. Nous pouvons faire face nous-mêmes aux tentations de faire le mal. Mais lorsque nous devenons plus sages, nous réalisons que toute notre force vient du Seigneur, et que si nous continuons à ne dépendre que de nous-mêmes, les tentations des enfers seront trop fortes et nous serons amenés à faire ce que les enfers veulent pour nous, et non ce que nous voulons. Nous devons apprendre dès le début à suivre le Seigneur et à dépendre de Lui. C'est ce qu'il dit à la fin de la parabole, là où cela semble ne pas correspondre, jusqu'à ce que nous comprenions la parabole. "Et ayant dit cela, il leur dit : suivez-moi." C'est ce que nous devons faire aussi.

Pierre est heureux de faire cette prédication de la vérité et a peut-être le sentiment d'avoir été distingué, mais il réalise aussi que Jean aime aussi le Seigneur et est aimé en retour. Il demande donc : "Et que doit faire cet homme ?" Il semble que l'harmonie nécessaire ne soit pas encore présente, et que Pierre soit jaloux du lien, et espère probablement être assuré d'être le numéro un... mais cela ne se produit pas. On dit simplement à Pierre que cela n'a pas d'importance ; il doit faire le travail qui lui a été confié.

Cela me rappelle l'histoire de Jacob et d'Ésaü, dans le livre intitulé Genèse 25, où Ésaü est le premier-né et hérite du droit d'aînesse et de la bénédiction d'Isaac, comme il se doit. Jacob, par une ruse imaginée par sa mère, trompe Isaac et vole ce qui appartient à Ésaü. Puis il s'enfuit à Padan-Aram, y reste avec son oncle et devient riche. Ce n'est que lors de son voyage de retour, alors qu'il lutte avec l'ange et que son nom est changé en Israël, qu'il rencontre à nouveau Ésaü. Le changement de nom signifie que maintenant que Jacob est riche de la vérité de la Parole, maintenant avec la rencontre amicale avec Ésaü, également riche, que les deux jumeaux peuvent, en parabole, être fusionnés en un seul personnage, appelé Israël, ce qui signifie l'union du bien et de la vérité dans l'esprit.

Ésaü a une signification similaire à Jean, ils représentent tous deux la bonté ou la vraie charité. Jacob est semblable à Pierre, ils représentent tous deux la vérité apprise de la Parole. Toute inimitié apparente entre eux quant à savoir lequel est le plus important peut les rendre tous deux inutiles, et chez une personne qui devient angélique (ce que tout le monde devrait viser), il n'y a pas d'inimitié. La vérité permet le bien, et le bien inspire la vérité afin d'accomplir quelque chose. Bien que nous puissions penser et parler d'eux séparément, ils sont (parfaitement chez le Seigneur et moins chez les anges) unis dans une unité telle qu'ils sont considérés comme mariés. Le mariage du bien divin et de la vérité divine du Seigneur est à l'origine de toute la création. Oui, toute la création.

Ce mariage du bien et de la vérité, et la nécessité que les deux fonctionnent dans nos vies, en équilibre et en harmonie, est un concept néo-chrétien fondamental.

Dans les Évangiles, il y a une autre histoire qui se déroule après celle-ci. Dans cette histoire, les autres disciples se joignent aux sept mentionnés ici pour entendre les derniers ordres du Seigneur.

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Apocalypse Explained #102

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102. And for My name's sake hast toiled, is the acknowledgment of the Lord and of the knowledges of truth that have respect to Him. This is evident from the signification of "the name" of Jehovah, or of the Lord, as being, in the highest sense, His Divine Human (See Arcana Coelestia 2628, 6887), and in a relative sense, all things of love and faith by which the Lord is worshiped, because these are things Divine that proceed from His Divine Human (n. 2724, 3006, 6674, 9310). This is evident also from the signification of "toiling," as being to strive with mind and zeal that these things may be known and acknowledged; for this is signified by "toiling" when it is said of those who apply themselves to the knowledges of truth and good. From this it follows that "for My name's sake hast toiled" signifies the acknowledgment of the Lord, and of the knowledges that have respect to Him. The knowledges that have respect to the Lord are all things that are of love and faith. In many passages of the Word it is said, "for the sake of Jehovah's name," "for the sake of the Lord's name," "for the sake of the name of Jesus Christ," that "the name of God should be sanctified," and the like. Those whose thoughts do not go beyond the sense of the letter suppose that the name alone is meant; but what is meant is not the name, but everything whereby the Lord is worshiped; and all of this has relation to love and faith. Therefore by "the Lord's name" in the Word all things of love and of faith by which He is worshiped are meant; here the acknowledgment of the Lord and of the knowledges of truth that have respect to Him, because this is said to those who are only zealous about knowledges.

[2] That "Jehovah's name" or the "Lord's name" does not mean the name itself, but all things of love and faith, is from the spiritual world. There the names used on the earth are not uttered; but the names of the persons who are spoken of are formed from the idea of all things known about them combined into a single word. In this way names in the spiritual world are expressed; consequently names there, like all the other things, are spiritual The names "Lord" and "Jesus Christ," even, are not uttered there as on the earth, but in place of those names a name is formed from the idea of all things known and believed respecting Him; and this idea is made up of all things of love to Him and faith in Him. This is because these in the complex are the Lord in them; for the Lord is in everyone in the goods of love and of faith that are from Him. As this is so, the quality of everyone there, in respect to love to the Lord and faith in the Lord, is immediately known if he only utters "Lord" or "Jesus Christ" by a spiritual expression or spiritual name; and for the same reason also, those who are not in any love to Him or faith in Him are unable to speak His name, that is, to form any spiritual name of Him. From this it is now clear why by the "name" of Jehovah, of the Lord, or of Jesus Christ, name is not meant in the Word, but everything of love and of faith whereby He is worshiped.

[3] Lest, therefore, the opinion that is entertained by many should prevail, that the mere name Jesus Christ, without love to Him or faith in Him, thus without the knowledges by which love and faith exist, contributes something to salvation, I will introduce some passages from the Word in which the expressions "for His name's sake" and "in His name" are used, from which those who think more deeply may see that name alone is not meant:

Jesus said, Ye shall be hated of all for My name's sake (Matthew 10:22, 24:9, 10).

Where two or three are gathered together in My name, there am I in the midst of them (Matthew 18:20).

As many as received Him, to them gave He power to become sons of God; even to them that believe in His name (John 1:12).

When Jesus was in Jerusalem many believed in His name (John 2:23).

He that believeth not hath been judged already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only-begotten Son of God (John 3:17, 18).

These are written that ye may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing ye may have life in His name (John 20:31).

Blessed is He that cometh in the name of the Lord (Matthew 21:9; 23:39; Luke 13:35; 19:35).

Everyone that hath left houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or fields, for My name's sake, shall receive a hundred-fold, and eternal life (Matthew 19:29).

(What is here signified by "houses, brethren, sisters, father, mother, wife, children, and fields," which are to be left for the name of the Lord, see Arcana Coelestia 10490.)

Jesus said, Whatsoever ye shall ask in My name, that I will do (John 14:13, 14);

"to ask in My name" is to ask from love and faith.

Many shall come in My name, saying, I am He; go ye not therefore after them (Luke 21:8; Mark 13:6);

"to come in My name" and "to say that I am He" is to proclaim falsities and to say that they are truths, and thus to lead astray. The like is signified by saying that they are the Christ, when they are not, in Matthew:

Many shall come in My name, saying, I am the Christ, and shall lead many astray (Matthew 24:5, 11, 23-27);

for by "Jesus" is meant the Lord in respect to Divine good; and by "Christ" the Lord in respect to Divine truth (Arcana Coelestia 3004-3005, 3009, 5502), and by not being Christ, truth not Divine, but falsity.

[4] The "name of the Lord," in the New Testament means the like as the "name of Jehovah" in the Old, because the Lord there is Jehovah.

Thus in Isaiah:

And in that day shall ye say, Confess ye to Jehovah, call upon His name (Isaiah 12:4).

In the same:

O Jehovah, we have waited for Thee; to Thy name and to Thy memorial is the desire of our soul. By Thee will we make mention of Thy name (Isaiah 26:8, 13).

In the same:

From the rising of the sun shall My name be called upon (Isaiah 41:25).

In Malachi:

From the rising of the sun even unto the going down of the same My name is great among the nations; and in every place incense is offered unto My name; for My name is great among the nations (Malachi 1:11).

In Isaiah:

Everyone that is called by My name I have created for My glory, I have formed him (Isaiah 43:7).

In Micah:

All peoples walk in the name of their god, and we will walk in the name of Jehovah our God (Micah 4:5).

In Moses:

Thou shalt not take the name of thy God in vain; for Jehovah will not hold him guiltless that hath taken His name in vain (Deuteronomy 5:11).

In the same:

Jehovah separated the tribe of Levi, that they should minister and bless in the name of Jehovah (Deuteronomy 10:8).

In the same:

They shall worship Jehovah in one place, where He shall place His name (Deuteronomy 12:5, 11, 13, 14, 18, 26; 16:2, 6, 11, 15, 16).

"Where He shall place His name" means where there shall be worship from the good of love and the truths of faith. This was done at Jerusalem; and therefore by "Jerusalem" the church in respect to doctrine and worship is signified (See in the small work on The New Jerusalem and its Doctrine 6).

[5] Since by the "name of Jehovah" or the "name of the Lord" is signified in the spiritual sense all worship from the good of love and the truths of faith, therefore in the highest sense by "name of Jehovah" is meant the Lord in respect to the Divine Human, for the reason that from His Divine Human everything of love and of faith proceeds. That by "name of Jehovah," in the highest sense, the Lord is meant, is evident in John:

Jesus said, Father, glorify Thy name. There came a voice out of heaven, saying, I have both glorified and will glorify again (John 12:28).

In Isaiah:

I will give thee for a covenant to the people, for a light of the nations. I am Jehovah, this is My name, and My glory will I not give to another (Isaiah 42:6, 8);

the coming of the Lord is here treated of.

In Jeremiah:

Behold the days come that I will raise unto David a righteous shoot, and He shall reign as King, and this is His name, by which they shall call Him, Jehovah, our righteousness (Jeremiah 23:5, 6).

From this it is clear what is meant in the Lord's prayer by the words:

Hallowed be Thy name (Matthew 6:9);

namely, that the Divine Human of the Lord is to be accounted holy, and to be worshiped.

[6] As this is meant by "the name of the Lord," the meaning of the following passages can be seen.

In John:

The shepherd of the sheep calleth his own sheep by their name (John 10:3).

In Luke:

Rejoice that your names are written in heaven (Luke 10:20).

And in Revelation:

Thou hast a few names in Sardis (Revelation 3:4).

He who does not know what "name" signifies in the Word cannot possibly know how these words are to be understood, in Matthew:

He that receiveth a prophet in the name of a prophet shall receive a prophet's reward; and he that receiveth a righteous one in the name of a righteous one shall receive a righteous one's reward; and whosoever shall give to drink unto one of these little ones a cup of cold [water] in the name of a disciple only, verily I say unto you, he shall not lose his reward (Matthew 10:41, 42).

"To receive a prophet in the name of a prophet," "a righteous one in the name of a righteous one," and "to give drink in the name of a disciple," signifies to love truth for the sake of truth, good for the sake of good, and to exercise charity from the faith of truth; for by "prophet" is signified truth, by "righteous one" is signified good, and by "disciple" good from truth; and "to give to drink of cold [water]" is to exercise charity from obedience; "in the name" of these is for the sake of what they are, thus for their sake. Who could ever understand these things unless he knew what "name" signifies?

[7] To love and to do truth for the sake of truth, and good for the sake of good, is to have affection for truth and good for their sake, and not for the sake of one's own reputation, honor, or gain. Such affection of truth and good is a truly spiritual affection; but the affection of truth and good for the sake of one's own reputation, honor, or gain, is a merely natural affection. And as those who love truth and good for the sake of truth and good, or because they are truth and good, are in the spiritual affection of truth and good, therefore it is said that they shall receive "a prophet's reward" and "a righteous one's reward;" which means that they are in the spiritual affection of truth and good, and this affection has reward in itself, because it has heaven in itself. (That the happiness of heaven is in the affection of loving and doing truth and good, without regard to reward as an end, thus for the sake of truth and good, see Arcana Coelestia 6388, 6478, 9174, 9984. That "prophet" signifies one who teaches truth, thus also, in the abstract, truth that is taught, see n. 2534, 7269. That a "righteous one" signifies the good of love to the Lord, n. 2235, 9857. That "disciple" signifies good from truth, which is the good of charity, n. 2129, 3354, 3488, 3858, 6397. That "to give drink" is to instruct in the goods and truths of faith, and thus to exercise charity, n. Arcana Coelestia 3069, 3772, 4017, 4018, 8562, 9412; and that "name" signifies the quality of a thing, n. 144, 145, 1754, 1896, 2009, 3237; hence "the name of Jehovah," or "the name of the Lord," signifies every quality by which He is worshiped, n. Arcana Coelestia 2724[1-3], 3006, 6674, 9310).

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.