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3 Mose 11

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1 Und der HERR redete mit Mose und Aaron und sprach zu ihnen:

2 Redet mit den Kindern Israel und sprechet: Das sind die Tiere, die ihr essen sollt unter allen Tieren auf Erden.

3 Alles, was die Klauen spaltet und wiederkäuet unter den Tieren, das sollt ihr essen.

4 Was aber wiederkäuet und hat Klauen und spaltet sie doch nicht, als das Kamel, das ist euch unrein, und sollt es nicht essen.

5 Die Kaninchen wiederkäuen wohl, aber sie spalten die Klauen nicht; darum sind sie unrein.

6 Der Hase wiederkäuet auch, aber er spaltet die Klauen nicht; darum ist er euch unrein.

7 Und ein Schwein spaltet wohl die Klauen, aber es wiederkäuet nicht; darum soll es euch unrein sein.

8 Von diesem Fleisch sollt ihr nicht essen, noch ihr Aas anrühren; denn sie sind euch unrein.

9 Dies sollt ihr essen unter dem, das in Wassern ist: Alles, was Floßfedern und Schuppen hat in Wassern, im Meer und Bächen, sollt ihr essen.

10 Alles aber, was nicht Floßfedern und Schuppen hat im Meer und Bächen, unter allem, das sich reget in Wassern, und allem, was lebet im Wasser, soll euch eine Scheu sein,

11 daß ihr von ihrem Fleisch nicht esset und vor ihrem Aas euch scheuet.

12 Denn alles, was nicht Floßfedern und Schuppen hat in Wassern, sollt ihr scheuen.

13 Und dies sollt ihr scheuen unter den Vögeln, daß ihr's nicht esset: den Adler, den Habicht, den Fischaar,

14 den Geier, den Weihe und was seiner Art ist,

15 und alLE Raben mit ihrer Art,

16 den Strauß, die Nachteule, den Kuckuck, den Sperber mit seiner Art,

17 das Käuzlein, den Schwan, den Huhu,

18 die Fledermaus, die Rohrdommel,

19 den Storch, den Reiher, den Heher mit seiner Art, den Wiedehopf und die Schwalbe.

20 Alles auch, was sich reget unter den Vögeln und gehet auf vier Füßen, das soll euch eine Scheu sein.

21 Doch das sollt ihr essen von Vögeln, das sich reget und gehet auf vier Füßen und nicht mit zweien Beinen auf Erden hüpfet.

22 Von denselben möget ihr essen, als da ist: Arbe mit seiner Art und Selaam mit seiner Art und Hargol mit seiner Art und Hagab mit ihrer Art.

23 Alles aber, was sonst vier Füße hat unter den Vögeln, soll euch eine Scheu sein,

24 und sollt sie unrein achten. Wer solcher Aas anrühret, der wird unrein sein bis auf den Abend.

25 Und wer dieser Aas eines tragen wird, der soll seine Kleider waschen und wird unrein sein bis auf den Abend.

26 Darum alles Tier, das Klauen hat und spaltet sie nicht und wiederkäuet nicht, das soll euch unrein sein; wer es anrühret, wird unrein sein.

27 Und alles, was auf Tappen gehet unter den Tieren, die auf vier Füßen gehen, soll euch unrein sein; wer ihr Aas anrühret, wird unrein sein bis auf den Abend.

28 Und wer ihr Aas trägt, soll seine Kleider waschen und unrein sein bis auf den Abend; denn solche sind euch unrein.

29 Diese sollen euch auch unrein sein unter den Tieren, die auf Erden kriechen: das Wiesel, die Maus, die Kröte, ein jegliches mit seiner Art;

30 der Igel, der Molch, die Eidechse, die Blindschleiche und der Maulwurf.

31 Die sind euch unrein unter allem, das da kreucht wer ihr Aas anrühret, der wird unrein sein bis an den Abend.

32 Und alles, worauf ein solch tot Aas fällt, das wird unrein, es sei allerlei hölzern Gefäß, oder Kleider, oder Fell, oder Sack; und alles Geräte, damit man etwas schaffet, soll man ins Wasser tun, und ist unrein bis auf den Abend; alsdann wird's rein.

33 Allerlei irden Gefäß, wo solcher Aas eines drein fällt, wird alles unrein, was drinnen ist; und sollt es zerbrechen.

34 AlLE Speise, die man isset, so solches Wasser drein kommt, ist unrein; und aller Trank, den man trinket, in allerlei solchem Gefäß, ist unrein.

35 Und alles, worauf ein solch Aas fällt, wird unrein, es sei Ofen oder Kessel, so soll man's zerbrechen; denn es ist unrein, und soll euch unrein sein.

36 Doch die Brunnen und Kölke und Teiche sind rein. Wer aber ihr Aas anrühret, ist unrein.

37 Und ob ein solch Aas fieLE auf Samen, den man gesät hat, so ist er doch rein.

38 Wenn man aber Wasser über den Samen gösse, und fieLE danach ein solch Aas darauf, so würde er euch unrein.

39 Wenn ein Tier stirbt, das ihr essen möget: wer das Aas anrühret, der ist unrein bis an den Abend.

40 Wer von solchem Aas isset, der soll sein Kleid waschen und wird unrein sein bis an den Abend. Also wer auch trägt ein solch Aas, soll sein Kleid waschen und wird unrein sein bis an den Abend.

41 Was auf Erden schleicht, das soll euch eine Scheu sein, und man soll's nicht essen.

42 Und alles, was auf dem Bauch kreucht, und alles, was auf vier oder mehr Füßen gehet, unter allem, das auf Erden schleicht, sollt ihr nicht essen; denn es soll euch eine Scheu sein.

43 Machet eure SeeLE nicht zum Scheusal und verunreiniget euch nicht an ihnen, daß ihr euch besudelt.

44 Denn ich bin der HERR, euer Gott. Darum sollt ihr euch heiligen, daß ihr heilig seid, denn ich bin heilig; und sollt nicht eure SeeLE verunreinigen an irgend einem kriechenden Tier, das auf Erden schleicht.

45 Denn ich bin der HERR, der euch aus Ägyptenland geführet hat, daß ich euer Gott sei. Darum sollt ihr heilig sein, denn ich bin heilig.

46 Dies ist das Gesetz von den Tieren und Vögeln und allerlei kriechenden Tieren im Wasser und allerlei Tieren, die auf Erden schleichen,

47 daß ihr unterscheiden könntet, was unrein und rein ist, und welches Tier man essen und welches man nicht essen soll.

   

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Eagle

  

Eagle wings, referred to in Daniel 7:3, signify rational principles grounded in man's proprium and ways of thinking.

(Посилання: Arcana Coelestia 3901)

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Arcana Coelestia #3901

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3901. The reason why the final state of the Church is compared to eagles gathered together where there is a carcass or body is that 'eagles' means man's rational ideas. When used in reference to forms of good 'eagles' means true rational ideas, but when used in reference to forms of evil 'eagles' means false rational ideas, or reasonings. 'Birds' in general means a person's thoughts, and in both the genuine and the contrary senses, 40, 745, 776, 866, 991, 3219; and each species has some individual meaning, 'eagles' meaning rational ideas because they are high-flyers and sharp-sighted. This meaning may be seen from many places in the Word, from which let the following be brought forward to confirm it. First, places where true rational ideas are meant: in Moses,

Jehovah found His people [Jacob] in a wilderness land and in the emptiness, the howling, the lonely place He encompassed him, instructed him, and kept him as the pupil of His eye. As an eagle stirs up its nest, hovers over its young, spreads out its wings, takes one, carries it on its wings. Deuteronomy 32:10-11.

That which is described here and compared to the eagle is instruction in the truths and goods of faith. The actual process up to the point when a person becomes rational and spiritual is what this description and comparison contains. All comparisons in the Word are made by means of meaningful signs, in this case by 'the eagle', which means the rational.

[2] In the same author,

Jehovah said to Moses, You have seen the things which I did to the Egyptians, and I bore you on eagles' wings so that I might bring you to Myself. Exodus 19:3-4.

Here the meaning is similar. In Isaiah,

Those who await Jehovah will be renewed with strength; they will mount up with strong wings like eagles; they will run and not be weary, they will walk and not faint. Isaiah 40:31.

'Being renewed with strength' stands for growth in the willing of good, 'mounting up with strong wings like eagles' for growth in the understanding of truth, and so growth of the rational. Here, as elsewhere, dual expressions are used to present the subject, the first of a pair involving good which belongs to the will, the second truth which belongs to the understanding. 'Running and not being weary' and 'walking and not fainting' are similar dual expressions.

[3] In Ezekiel,

Speak a parable about the house of Israel, and say, Thus said the Lord Jehovih, A great eagle with long pinions, full of feathers, in its embroidery, came on Lebanon and took a twig of the cedar. He carried it into a land of trade, he placed it in a city of perfumers. It sprouted and became a spreading vine. There was another great eagle with great wings and full of feathers, towards which, behold, this vine directed its roots, and sent out its branches towards it to water it from the beds of its young plants in a good field, by many waters. But it will be laid waste. He sent his ambassadors to Egypt that they might give him horses and many people. Ezekiel 17:2-9, 15.

The eagle mentioned first stands for the rational enlightened by the Divine, the eagle mentioned second for the rational originating in the proprium, subsequently perverted by means of reasonings based on sensory evidence and factual knowledge - 'Egypt' standing for factual knowledge, 1164, 1165, 1186, 1462, and 'horses' for understanding resulting from all this, 2761, 2762, 3217.

[4] In Daniel,

A vision of Daniel. Four beasts came up out of the sea, different from one another. The first was like a lion, but had eagle's wings. I watched it until its wings were torn away and it was lifted up from the ground and made to stand on its feet like a human being; and the heart of a human being was given to it. Daniel 7:3-4.

That which is described by 'a lion which had eagle's wings' is the first state of the Church, 'eagle's wings' in this case meaning rational ideas originating in the proprium. And when these had been removed, rational ideas and desires in the will which had a Divine origin were given to it. These are meant by the lifting up of the eagle from the ground and the standing of it on its feet like a human being, and the gift to it of the heart of a human being.

[5] In Ezekiel,

As for the likeness of the faces of the four living creatures or cherubs, each of the four had the face of a human being, and the face of a lion on the right side; and each of the four the face of an ox on the left side; and each of the four had the face of an eagle. Ezekiel 1:10.

Their wheels were called Galgal; and each one had four faces - the first face was the face of a cherub, the second face the face of a human being, the third the face of a lion, and the fourth the face of an eagle. Ezekiel 10:13-14.

In John,

Around the throne were four living creatures full of eyes in front and behind. The first living creature was like a lion, the second living creature was like a calf, the third living creature had a face like a human being, the fourth living creature was like a flying eagle. Revelation 4:7.

Clearly, those living creatures that were seen mean Divine arcana, as consequently does the likeness of their faces. But exactly which arcana are meant cannot be known unless one knows what 'lion', 'calf', 'human being', and 'eagle' mean in the internal sense. It is evident that 'the face of an eagle' means vigilance and therefore providence, for the cherubs who were represented by the living creatures in Ezekiel mean the Lord's providence which guards against anyone entering the mysteries of faith from himself and his own rationality as the starting point, see 308. This also shows that when 'an eagle' is used in reference to a human being the rational is meant in the internal sense. It has this meaning because an eagle is a high-flyer and from its more exalted position has a wide view of things below.

[6] In Job,

Is it through your intelligence that the hawk flies up and spreads its wings towards the south? Is it at your command 1 that the eagle lifts itself up and makes its nest up high? Job 39:26-27.

In this verse it is evident that 'the eagle' means reason which is an attribute of intelligence. This was what 'eagle' meant in the Ancient Church, for the Book of Job is a book of the Ancient Church, 3540 (end). In fact the writing of almost all the books of that period involved the use of meaningful signs, but with the passage of time meaningful signs have been so eclipsed that it is not even known that 'birds' in general means thoughts, even though these are referred to many times in the Word and in those places quite clearly is meant something different from birds.

[7] As regards 'the eagle' in the contrary sense meaning rational ideas that are not true, and so are false, this is evident from the following places: In Moses,

Jehovah will raise up above you a nation from far away, from the end of the earth, as an eagle flies, a nation whose language you do not understand, a hard-faced nation. Deuteronomy 28:49-50.

In Jeremiah,

Behold, he comes up [like] clouds, and his chariots like a whirlwind; his horses are swifter than eagles. Woe to us, for we have been laid waste! Jeremiah 4:13.

In the same prophet,

Your bragging has deceived you, and the pride of your heart, you who dwell in the clefts of the rock, who hold the height of the hill; because, like the eagle, you have made your nest up high, I will cast you down from there. Behold, he mounts up and flies like an eagle, and spreads his wings over Bozrah; and the heart of the powerful men of Edom has become on that day like the heart of a woman in distress. Jeremiah 49:16, 22.

In the same prophet,

Our pursuers were swifter than eagles; they pursued us over the mountains, they laid in wait for us in the wilderness. Lamentations 4:19.

In Micah,

Make yourself bald, and shave your head for the children of your delight; extend your baldness like an eagle, for they have departed from you. Micah 1:16.

In Obadiah,

If you raise yourself up like the eagle, and if you place your nest among the stars, I will bring you down from there. Obad. verse 4.

In Habakkuk,

I am rousing the Chaldeans, a bitter and headlong nation, marching into the breadths of the earth, to inherit habitations that are not its own. Its horses are swifter than leopards. 2 Its horsemen will come from afar. They will fly in like an eagle hastening to devour. Habakkuk 1:6, 8.

[8] In all these places 'eagles' means falsity that has been introduced through reasonings - the delusions of the senses and external appearances being the source of that falsity. 'The Chaldeans' referred to in the last of the Prophets quoted means people who outwardly are holy but inwardly are under the influence of falsity, see 1368, and these like Babel are those who lay waste the Church, 1367. 'The breadths of the earth' means truths (the vastation of which is meant by 'marching into the breadths of the earth') see 3433, 3434, and 'horses' their intellectual concepts, which are similar, 2761, 2762, 3217. What is meant by 'an eagle hastening to devour' is clear from all this, namely a hastening to make man desolate of truths, for the desolation of the Church is the subject in these verses. Comparisons are made with eagles, but as has been stated, comparisons in the Word are made by means of meaningful signs. From all this one may now see what is meant by the comparison with the eagles which will be gathered together where the carcass is.

Примітки:

1. literally, mouth

2. The Latin means eagles, but the Hebrew means leopards, which Swedenborg has in other places where he quotes this verse.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.