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Dommere 19

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1 I de Dage, da der ingen Konge var i Israel, var der en Mand, en Levit, der boede som fremmed i Udkanten af Efraims Bjerge. Han tog sig en Kvinde fra Betlehem i Juda til Medhustu.

2 Men Medhustruen blev vred på ham, forlod ham og tog til sin Faders Hus i Betlehem i Juda. Da hun havde været der en fire Måneders Tid,

3 drog hendes Mand af Sted efter hende for at overtale hende til at vende tilbage. Han havde sin Tjener og et Par Æsler med. Da han kom til hendes Faders Hus, fik den unge Kvindes Fader Øje på ham og kom ham glad i Møde;

4 og hans Svigerfader, den unge Kvindes Fader, holdt på ham, så at han blev hos ham i tre Dage; og de spiste og drak og overnattede der.

5 Tidligt om Morgenen den fjerde Dag gjorde han sig rede til at drage bort; men den unge Kvindes Fader sagde til sin Svigersøn: "Styrk dig først med en Bid Brød, så kan I siden drage bort!"

6 De blev da og spiste og drak begge to sammen, og den unge Kvindes Fader sagde til Manden: "Bestem dig til at blive Natten over og gør dig til gode!"

7 Men Manden gjorde sig rede til at drage bort. Da nødte hans Svigerfader ham, så han atter overnattede der.

8 Tidligt om Morgenen den femte Dag vilde han drage bort, men den unge Kvindes Fader sagde til ham: "Styrk dig først!" De ventede da, til Dagen hældede, og spiste og drak begge to.

9 Så gjorde Manden sig rede til at drage bort med sin Medhustru og sin Tjener. Men hans Svigerfader, den unge Kvindes Fader, sagde til ham: "Se, det lider mod Aften, overnat dog her; se, Dagen hælder, bliv dog her i Nat og gør dig til gode, så kan I i Morgen tidlig begive eder på Vej og du drage til dit Hjem!"

10 Men Manden vilde ikke blive Natten over; han begav sig på Vej og kom ud for Jebus, det er Jerusalem, fulgt af sine to belæssede Æsler, sin Medhustru og sin Tjener.

11 Da de var i Nærheden af Jebus og Dagen hældede stærkt, sagde Tjeneren til sin Herre: "Kom, lad os tage ind her i Jebusiternes By og blive der Natten over!"

12 Men hans Herre svarede: "Vi vil ikke tage ind i en By, der ejes af fremmede, som ikke hører til Israelitterne, men vi vil drage videre til Gibea!"

13 Og han sagde til sin Tjener: "Kom, lad os tage hen til et af de andre Steder og overnatte i Gibea eller ama!"

14 De drog så videre, og Solen gik ned, som de var ved Gibea i Benjamin.

15 Så bøjede de af i den etning for at nå til Gibea og overnatte der. Da han var kommet derind, Blev han på Byens Torv; men der var ingen, som bød dem ind i sit Hus for Natten.

16 kom der om Aftenen en gammel Mand fra sit Arbejde på Marken, og Manden var fra Efraims Bjerge og boede som fremmed i Gibea, medens Stedets Indbyggere var Benjaminiter;

17 og da den gamle Mand så op og fik Øje på den vejfarende Mand på Byens Torv, spurgte han: "Hvorhen gælder ejsen, og hvorfra kommer du?"

18 Han svarede ham: "Vi er på ejse fra Betlehem i Juda til Udkanten af Efraims Bjerge, hvor jeg har hjemme; jeg har været i Betlehem i Juda og er nu på Vejen hjem; men der er ingen, som byder mig ind i sit Hus,

19 skønt jeg har både Strå og Foder til vore Æsler og Brød og Vin til mig selv, din Trælkvinde og din Træls Tjener; vi mangler intet!"

20 Da sagde den gamle Mand: "Vær velkommen! Lad kun alt, hvad du trænger til, være min Sag; men på Torvet må du ikke overnatte!"

21 Så førte han ham ind i sit Hus og sørgede for Foder til Æslerne; og da de havde tvættet deres Fødder, spiste de og drak.

22 Men medens de gjorde sig til gode, se, da omringede Mændene i Byen, Niddinger som de var, Huset og hamrede på Døren og råbte til den gamle Mand, Husets Ejer: "Før Manden, som er taget ind i dit Hus, herud, så at vi kan stille vor Lyst på ham!"

23 Men Manden, der ejede Huset, gik ud til dem og sagde til dem: "Nej, mine Brødre, gør dog ikke noget ondt! Når denne Mand er taget ind i mit Hus, må I ikke øve sådan en Skændselsdåd!

24 Se, her er min Datter, som er Jomfru; hende fører jeg herud, så kan I skænde hende og handle med hende, som I finder for godt! Men mod denne Mand må I ikke øve sådan en Skændselsdåd!"

25 Men Mændene vilde ikke høre ham. Så greb Manden sin Medhustru og førte hende ud på Gaden til dem, og de stillede deres Lyst på hende og mishandlede hende Natten igennem til om Morgenen; først da Morgenen gryede, slap de hende.

26 Ved Morgenens Frembrud kom Kvinden og faldt sammen ved Indgangen til den Mands Hus, hvor hendes Herre var, og lå der, til det blev lyst.

27 Og da hendes Herre om Morgenen lukkede Husets Dør op og gjorde sig rede til at drage videre, se, da lå Kvinden, hans Medhustru, ved Indgangen til Huset med Hænderne på Tærskelen.

28 Han sagde da til hende: " ejs dig og lad os komme af Sted!" Men der kom intet Svar. Så løftede han hende op på Æselet og rejste til sit Hjem.

29 Men da han kom hjem, greb han en Kniv, tog sin Medhustru, skar hende i tolv Stykker, Ledemod for Ledemod, og sendte Stykkerne rundt i hele Israels Land;

30 og han gav de Mænd, han udsendte, den Befaling: "Således skal I sige til alle Israels Mænd: Er sligt hidtil hændet, siden Israelitterne drog op fra Ægypten? Overvej Sagen, hold åd og sig eders Mening!" Og enhver, som så det, sagde: "Sligt er ikke hidtil hændet eller set, siden Israelitterne drog op fra Ægypten!"

   


The Project Gutenberg Association at Carnegie Mellon University

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 19

За New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

The Levite’s Concubine and the Crime of Gibeah

In many ways the events in this chapter show the further deterioration of the spiritual condition of the people of Israel. It's a terrible story, much like the story of Sodom, much earlier in the Book of Genesis. It ends with some men of Gibeah – a town of Israel – seeking to have sex with a man who is a guest of one of the men of the city. This does not happen; they are instead diverted into an all-night rape of the man’s concubine, so that she is lifeless when he retrieves her body in the morning. He then cuts her up into twelve pieces and sends these throughout the whole territory of Israel.

As we have been saying, these last few chapters of the Book of Judges show clearly that once evil takes hold of a person – even a community or a country – and goes unchecked, and there is no indication of any desire to stop it or to turn from it, it will expand and poison the whole ‘body’. Then there is no distinction between what is good and evil, or between what is true and what is false, and there is no longer any active conscience left to check thoughts, desires and actions. (Arcana Caelestia 977)

The story begins… A Levite, a priest of Israel, takes a concubine from Bethlehem in Judah, but she takes part in prostitution and leaves the priest and goes to her father’s house in Bethlehem. The Levite goes to talk kindly with her, and she takes him into her father’s house where he is made welcome by her father.

The spiritual meaning of this is about a fairly mild situation of disorder and wrong which will form the beginning of all that is to happen. The Levite has a concubine. The concubine takes part in prostitution. The father’s fault seems to be that he keeps delaying the Levite’s departure. Every person lives with their own natures which produce mild disorders which can in fact become useful to us during regeneration. But allowed or left to stay unchecked, these disorders can begin to take hold. (Arcana Caelestia 8407)

The Levite keeps intending to leave, but several times the father of the concubine begs him to stay another night and detains him. Three days there becomes four, another night is spent, and on the fifth day the father urges the Levite to stay and eat and spend another night and go away early the next day. This time the Levite refuses and they leave and get to the town of Jebus, a Canaanite town which will eventually become Jerusalem.

The spiritual meaning of these delays before leaving lies in the danger of not turning away from something which is beginning to hold us and become our new normality. The father is very persuasive, but he is the father of a concubine who prostitutes herself. The Levite senses something is not right, and he insists he will leave. (Divine Providence 329)

The Levite’s servant asks for them to stay in Jebus, but the Levite refuses to stay in a foreign city and says they will go on to Gibeah or Ramah. They come to Gibeah and stay in the square as no one will take them in. An old man passes by and offers to take them into his house, and they go with him.

The spiritual point of this refusal to stay in the foreign city of Jebus but to go on to Gibeah, a city in Israel, is to bring out for us a sense of the abhorrence of what is about to happen there, and the extent of the wrong in Israel. (Apocalypse Revealed 158)

Some men of Gibeah beat on the door demanding that the man staying there come out so that they can sexually abuse him. The old man refuses but offers them his virgin daughter and the visitor’s concubine, but the men refuse. The Levite takes the concubine out of the house to the men and they rape her all night until morning.

The spiritual meaning for us of this story of the men of Gibeah and the concubine stems from the fact that no one in the entire story is blameless, apart from the virgin daughter of the old man. Everyone else is culpable. Spiritually, this reminds us that we are potentially capable of thinking about and even wanting to commit every evil and that regeneration – shunning all evils as sins against God and living in careful obedience to the Word – is the guard against this. (Divine Providence 296)

Abused and left, the concubine falls at the door of the house. In the morning the Levite sees her, bids her get ready to leave, then realises she is dead. He puts her on his donkey and goes to his house. He takes a knife and cuts the concubine into twelve pieces and sends these throughout the whole of Israel. And all who see say that no such thing has been seen since Israel came out of Egypt and end saying, ‘Consider it. Confer. Speak up!’

The spiritual meaning for us in dividing the concubine’s body in twelve parts and distributing them throughout all Israel is to do with our need to examine ourselves and see where our evils lie within us, often hidden and unknown. This is to be done in view of our actions, words, thoughts, intentions and what we might do if there were no penalty. (Divine Providence 149, 152, 278)

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Arcana Coelestia #2129

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2129. There are also other types of tumults, or rather of conflicts, which also convey the idea of a Last Judgement and by which communities harmfully joined together as regards their interiors are dissolved. Concerning them let the following be mentioned: Such spirits are driven into a condition in which they do not think in their normal way as a community, that is, one with another, but each one independently. As a result of their thinking, each at variance with the others, and of each muttering something different from the rest, an uproar is produced which sounds like that of many waters; and conflict with one another takes place such as defies description which arises out of the mishmash of opinions concerning firmly established truths, which are at the time the substance of their thoughts and speech. That mishmash is such as may be called spiritual chaos.

[2] The sound of these conflicting and confused uproarings was threefold. The first flowed in around the head, and I was told it was that of thoughts. The second flowed in towards the left temple. I was told that this was a conflict of reasonings about certain truths in which they were unwilling to pin their faith. The third flowed in from above over on the right. It was rasping though less confused, a rasping sound directed first this way, then that. I was told that this was the product of truths clashing which were being turned this way and that by means of reasonings. While these conflicts were going on there were other spirits who spoke to me, telling me in speech that rose clearly above all that noise the meaning of every single thing.

[3] The matters which they reasoned about were chiefly these - whether the statement that the twelve apostles were going to sit on twelve thrones and judge the twelve tribes of Israel was to be understood literally, and also whether other people who have endured persecution and affliction were to be allowed into heaven. Each one reasoned in accordance with what had taken his fancy during his lifetime. Some of them however who had been brought back into associations with one another and into order were then informed that those descriptions were to be understood in a completely different way, that is to say, that 'apostles' is not used to mean apostles, nor 'thrones' to mean thrones, nor 'tribes' tribes, nor indeed is 'twelve' used to mean twelve. Instead apostles, thrones, tribes, and also twelve, meant the first and foremost matters of faith, 2089. They also said that such matters of faith are the starting-point and the criteria from which everyone is judged. And over and above all this they were shown that the apostles have no power to judge anyone at all, and that all judgement is the Lord's alone.

[4] As regards the second point which they reasoned about, this should not be taken to mean that only those who have endured persecution and affliction will enter heaven, but that the rich no less than the poor will do so, those who have held important positions no less than those whose position has been humble. Furthermore the Lord takes pity on all, especially on people who have endured spiritual afflictions and temptations, which are persecutions by the evil, thus on those who acknowledge that of themselves they are wretched and who believe that it is through the Lord's mercy alone they are saved.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.