11
Los sacerdotes santificados de los hijos de Sadoc, que guardaron mi observancia, que no erraron cuando erraron los hijos de Israel, como erraron los Levitas.
Ezequiel 48:11
Levítico 25
1
Y JEHOVA habló á Moisés en el monte de Sinaí, diciendo:
2
Habla á los hijos de Israel, y diles: Cuando hubiereis entrado en la tierra que yo os doy, la tierra hará sábado á Jehová.
3
Seis años sembrarás tu tierra, y Seis años podarás tu viña, y cogerás sus frutos;
4
Y el séptimo año la tierra tendrá sábado de holganza, sábado á Jehová: no sembrarás tu tierra, ni podarás tu viña.
5
Lo que de suyo se naciere en tu tierra segada, no lo segarás; y las uvas de tu viñedo no vendimiarás: año de holganza será á la tierra.
6
Mas el sábado de la tierra os será para comer á ti, y á tu siervo, y á tu sierva, y á tu criado, y á tu extranjero que morare contigo:
7
Y á tu animal, y á la bestia que hubiere en tu tierra, será todo el fruto de ella para comer.
8
Y te has de contar siete semanas de años, siete veces siete años; de modo que los días de las siete semanas de años vendrán á serte cuarenta y nueve años.
9
Entonces harás pasar la trompeta de jubilación en el mes séptimo á los diez del mes; el día de la expiación haréis pasar la trompeta por toda vuestra tierra.
10
Y santificaréis el año cincuenta, y pregonaréis libertad en la tierra á todos sus moradores: este os será jubileo; y volveréis cada uno á su posesión, y cada cual volverá á su familia.
11
El año de los cincuenta años os será jubileo: no sembraréis, ni segaréis lo que naciere de suyo en la tierra, ni vendimiaréis sus viñedos:
12
Porque es jubileo: santo será á vosotros; el producto de la tierra comeréis.
13
En este año de jubileo volveréis cada uno á su posesión.
14
Y cuando vendiereis algo á vuestro prójimo, ó comprareis de mano de vuestro prójimo, no engañe ninguno a su hermano:
15
Conforme al número de los años después del jubileo comprarás de tu prójimo; conforme al número de los años de los frutos te venderá él á ti.
16
Conforme á la multitud de los años aumentarás el precio, y conforme á la disminución de los años disminuirás el precio; porque según el número de los rendimientos te ha de vender él.
17
Y no engañe ninguno á su prójimo; mas tendrás temor de tu Dios: porque yo soy Jehová vuestro Dios.
18
Ejecutad, pues, mis estatutos, y guardad mis derechos, y ponedlos por obra, y habitaréis en la tierra seguros;
19
Y la tierra dará su fruto, y comeréis hasta hartura, y habitaréis en ella con seguridad.
20
Y si dijereis: ¿Qué comeremos el séptimo año? he aquí no hemos de sembrar, ni hemos de coger nuestros frutos:
21
Entonces yo os enviaré mi bendición el sexto año, y hará fruto por tres años.
22
Y sembraréis el año octavo, y comeréis del fruto añejo; hasta el año noveno, hasta que venga su fruto comeréis del añejo.
23
Y la tierra no se venderá rematadamente, porque la tierra mía es; que vosotros peregrinos y extranjeros sois para conmigo.
24
Por tanto, en toda la tierra de vuestra posesión, otorgaréis redención á la tierra.
25
Cuando tu hermano empobreciere, y vendiere algo de su posesión, vendrá el rescatador, su cercano, y rescatará lo que su hermano hubiere vendido.
26
Y cuando el hombre no tuviere rescatador, si alcanzare su mano, y hallare lo que basta para su rescate;
27
Entonces contará los años de su venta, y pagará lo que quedare al varón á quien vendió, y volverá á su posesión.
28
Mas si no alcanzare su mano lo que basta para que vuelva á él, lo que vendió estará en poder del que lo compró hasta el año del jubileo; y al jubileo saldrá, y él volverá á su posesión.
29
Y el varón que vendiere casa de morada en ciudad cercada, tendrá facultad de redimirla hasta acabarse el año de su venta: un año será el término de poderse redimir.
30
Y si no fuere redimida dentro de un año entero, la casa que estuviere en la ciudad murada quedará para siempre por de aquel que la compró, y para sus descendientes: no saldrá en el jubileo.
31
Mas las casas de las aldeas que no tienen muro alrededor, serán estimadas como una haza de tierra: tendrán redención, y saldrán en el jubileo.
32
Pero en cuanto á las ciudades de los Levitas, siempre podrán redimir los Levitas las casas de las ciudades que poseyeren.
33
Y el que comprare de los Levitas, saldrá de la casa vendida, ó de la ciudad de su posesión, en el jubileo: por cuanto las casas de las ciudades de los Levitas es la posesión de ellos entre los hijos de Israel.
34
Mas la tierra del ejido de sus ciudades no se venderá, porque es perpetua posesión de ellos.
35
Y cuando tu hermano empobreciere, y se acogiere á ti, tú lo ampararás: como peregrino y extranjero vivirá contigo.
36
No tomarás usura de él, ni aumento; mas tendrás temor de tu Dios, y tu hermano vivirá contigo.
37
No le darás tu dinero á usura, ni tu vitualla á ganancia:
38
Yo Jehová vuestro Dios, que os saqué de la tierra de Egipto, para daros la tierra de Canaán, para ser vuestro Dios.
39
Y cuando tu hermano empobreciere, estando contigo, y se vendiere á ti, no le harás servir como siervo:
40
Como criado, como extranjero estará contigo; hasta el año del jubileo te servirá.
41
Entonces saldrá de contigo, él y sus hijos consigo, y volverá á su familia, y á la posesión de sus padres se restituirá.
42
Porque son mis siervos, los cuales saqué yo de la tierra de Egipto: no serán vendidos á manera de siervos.
43
No te enseñorearás de él con dureza, mas tendrás temor de tu Dios.
44
Así tu siervo como tu sierva que tuvieres, serán de las gentes que están en vuestro alrededor: de ellos compraréis siervos y siervas.
45
También compraréis de los hijos de los forasteros que viven entre vosotros, y de los que del linaje de ellos son nacidos en vuestra tierra, que están con vosotros; los cuales tendréis por posesión:
46
Y los poseeréis por juro de heredad para vuestros hijos después de vosotros, como posesión hereditaria; para siempre os serviréis de ellos; empero en vuestros hermanos los hijos de Israel, no os enseñorearéis cada uno sobre su hermano con dureza.
47
Y si el peregrino ó extranjero que está contigo, adquiriese medios, y tu hermano que está con él empobreciere, y se vendiere al peregrino ó extranjero que está contigo, ó á la raza de la familia del extranjero;
48
Después que se hubiere vendido, podrá ser rescatado: uno de sus hermanos lo rescatará;
49
O su tío, ó el hijo de su tío lo rescatará, ó el cercano de su carne, de su linaje, lo rescatará; ó si sus medios alcanzaren, él mismo se redimirá.
50
Y contará con el que lo compró, desde el año que se vendió á él hasta el año del jubileo: y ha de apreciarse el dinero de su venta conforme al número de los años, y se hará con él conforme al tiempo de un criado asalariado.
51
Si aún fueren muchos años, conforme á ellos volverá para su rescate del dinero por el cual se vendió.
52
Y si quedare poco tiempo hasta el año del jubileo, entonces contará con él, y devolverá su rescate conforme á sus años.
53
Como con tomado á salario anualmente hará con él: no se enseñoreará en él con aspereza delante de tus ojos.
54
Mas si no se redimiere en esos años, en el año del jubileo saldrá, él, y sus hijos con él.
55
Porque mis siervos son los hijos de Israel; son siervos míos, á los cuales saqué de la tierra de Egipto: Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.
Arcana Coelestia #3862
3862. In 3858 above it was shown that 'the twelve tribes' meant all things forming part of truth and good, or of faith and love. In this present paragraph, now that the sons of Jacob individually after whom the tribes were named are the subject, a second arcanum is to be brought to light, namely the meaning which each son carries. In heaven all celestial and spiritual warmth, or love and charity, is in its external form felt as the glow from the sun, and in heaven all celestial and spiritual light, or faith, is in its external form seen as the light from the sun. Also that celestial and spiritual warmth holds wisdom within itself, and the light from that source holds intelligence, and they do so because they flow from the Lord, who is the Sun of heaven, see 1053, 1521-1533, 1619-1632, 2441, 2495, 2776, 3138, 3167, 3190, 3195, 3222, 3223, 3338, 3339, 3341, 3413, 3485, 3636, 3643.
These paragraphs show that all good is a product of the warmth which flows from the Lord as the Sun, and that all truth is a product of the light from that source. They also show that all affections which go with love or good are variations of that celestial and spiritual warmth flowing from the Lord, and that this is the origin of changes of state. They show too that all thoughts which go with truth or faith are variations of that celestial and spiritual light which flows from the Lord, and that this is the origin of intelligence. All angels in heaven are bathed in that warmth and light. Their affections and thoughts have no other source, nor are they anything else. This is evident from the different forms of communication employed by the angels, in that because those forms of communication have their origin in heavenly warmth and light, they consist of variations and modifications of heavenly light containing heavenly warmth, and are therefore indescribable and so varying and complete as to be quite beyond one's comprehension, 3342, 3344, 3345.
[2] So that these things might be manifested in a representative way in the world names were given to each of the sons of Jacob which meant the universal divisions of good and truth, or of love and faith, and so the universal manifestations of variation in celestial and spiritual warmth and of variation in light from that source. What determines the intensity of the flame and the brightness from it is the actual order of those universal manifestations. When love comes first in such order, everything which follows within genuine order from that love is flaming, but when faith comes first everything which follows within genuine order is full of light, yet with all the differences that the things which follow entail. If however they do not follow according to genuine order everything is obscure, and in ever differing ways. But this order and resulting differences will in the Lord's Divine mercy be discussed later on. This then is how the Lord gave answers by means of the Urim and Thummim and how according to the state of the actual thing in question they received answers by means of lights and their flashes from the precious and transparent stones on which the names of the twelve tribes had been inscribed. For as has been stated, inscribed on the names were the universal divisions of love and faith which exist in the Lord's kingdom and so the universal manifestations of flame and light by which those divisions of love and faith are represented in heaven.
[3] First therefore let evidence from the Word be presented to confirm that the order of the names in which the tribes are mentioned varies in the Word, and that each variation of their order is determined by the particular state of the subject under discussion there. And from such evidence one may see that the answers from the Lord given by means of the Urim and Thummim were radiations of light determined by the particular states of the thing - such variations being due to the order of all that was involved. For the entire light of heaven is made to vary by the different states which that thing passes through, and those states are made to vary by the order in which good and truth come. But which aspect of truth or good is meant by each name will be evident from the explanation that is being given. That is to say, Reuben means faith from the Lord; Simeon faith possessed by the will which is received from the Lord; Levi spiritual love, which is charity; Judah the Divinity of love, and the Lord's heavenly kingdom. What the other eight mean will be stated in the next chapter. Described here is the order in which they were born, which was as follows: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, Benjamin - see verses 32-35 of the present chapter, and then Genesis 30:6, 8, 11, 13, 18, 20, 24; 35:18. This order is determined by the state of the subject that is being dealt with at this point, which is that of the regeneration of man, for this starts with the truth of faith, meant by 'Reuben', progresses from this towards the willing of truth, meant by 'Simeon', and from this to charity, meant by 'Levi', and so on to the Lord, who is meant in the highest sense by 'Judah'. The progression of spiritual conception and birth, or regeneration, from what is external to what is internal has been stated immediately above in 3860; that is, the progression is from the truth of faith to the good of love.
[4] Before Jacob came to Isaac his father in Mamre, or Kiriath Arba, his sons are mentioned in Genesis 35:23-26 in the following order: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, Benjamin, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher. In this case those by Leah and Rachel come first, and those by the servant-girls last, this being determined by the state of the subject dealt with at that point. They are listed in yet another order when they travelled and came into Egypt, in Genesis 46:9-19; in another when before his death they were blessed by Jacob, who by then was Israel, in Genesis 49:3-27; and in another again when blessed by Moses, in Deuteronomy 33:6-24. And when they encamped around the Tent of Meeting they did so in the following order: To the east Judah, Issachar, Zebulun; to the south Reuben, Simeon, Gad; to the west Ephraim, Manasseh, Benjamin; to the north Dan, Asher, Naphtali, Numbers 2:1-end. In what order they stood on Mount Gerizim to bless the people, or on Mount Ebal to curse them, see Deuteronomy 27:12-13. When the princes chosen from each tribe were sent to spy out the land they are listed in Numbers 13:4-16 in the following order: Reuben, Simeon, Judah, Issachar, Ephraim, Benjamin, Zebulun, Joseph or Manasseh, Dan, Asher, Naphtali, Gad. But there is a different order to the princes who were to divide the land for inheritance, Numbers 34:19-29. In what order the lot fell when it was cast, at the time that the land was divided for inheritance, see Chapters 13 - 19 of Joshua.
[5] When the boundaries of the new or holy land which the tribes were to inherit are referred to in Ezekiel the tribes are mentioned in the following order: Dan, Asher, Naphtali, Manasseh, Ephraim, Reuben, Judah, Benjamin, Simeon, Issachar, Zebulun, Gad. All are described from the corner pointing east to the corner pointing to the sea or west, except Gad which was situated at the south corner pointing towards the south, Ezekiel 48:1-7, 23-26. And where the gates of the new or holy city are referred to they are mentioned in the following order: Facing north the three gates of Reuben, Judah, and Levi; facing east the three gates of Joseph, Benjamin, and Dan; facing south the three gates of Simeon, Issachar, and Zebulun; facing west the three gates of Gad, Asher, and Naphtali, Ezekiel 48:31-34. For the order of those sealed, twelve thousand from each tribe, see Revelation 7:5-8. In all these places the listing of the tribes depends completely on the state of the subject dealt with, to which the order corresponds. That particular state is evident from what comes before and after.
[6] The order of the precious stones in the Urim and Thummim is mentioned and described in the Word, but which tribes individual stones corresponded to is not mentioned. For those stones represented all things belonging to the light shed by heavenly flame, that is, all aspects of truth originating in good, or of faith originating in charity. And because they represented these things heavenly light itself shone through them in a miraculous way in accordance with the state of the subject concerning which a question was asked and an answer was given. Flashing and bright light stood for a positive answer concerning good and truth, which light was accompanied by variations of the stones' colours according with the differences of the state of good and truth, as in heaven where all celestial and spiritual things are expressed by means of lights and their differences, and in a way beyond description and completely incomprehensible to man. For as has been shown frequently, heavenly light includes life from the Lord, and so includes wisdom and intelligence. Consequently the differences in light include everything that constitutes the life, that is, everything that constitutes wisdom and intelligence, while the differences in flaming, flashing, and shining include everything that constitutes the life of good and the life of truth received from good, that is, of love to the Lord and of faith derived from that love. Such then were the Urim and Thummim which were on the breastplate of the ephod and were over Aaron's heart. The nature of them is also evident from the fact that the terms Urim and Thummim mean lights and perfections, and that the breastplate in which they were set is called the breastplate of judgement, because judgement consists in intelligence and wisdom, 2235. The reason it was worn over Aaron's heart was that 'the heart' means Divine love, see 3635 and the section at the end of the present chapter. For this reason also those precious stones were placed in settings of gold, for 'gold' in the internal sense means good which is an attribute of love, 113, 1551, 1552, and 'precious stone' truth which shines through from good, 114.
[7] The Urim and Thummim are spoken of in Moses as follows,
You shall make the breastplate of judgement, the work of designing, like the work of the ephod you shall make it; out of gold, violet, and purple, and twice-dyed scarlet, and of fine-twined linen you shall make it. It shall be square when doubled. And you shall set within it stone-settings, four rows of stones shall there be. There shall be sockets of gold in their settings. And the stones shall be according to the names of the sons of Israel, twelve according to their names. The engravings of a signet, each one according to its name, there shall be for the twelve tribes. Exodus 28:15-21; 39:8-14.
Which stones had to be set in each row is also specified in those chapters. And further,
The breastplate shall not come away from the ephod. And Aaron shall bear the names of the sons of Israel on the breastplate of judgement over his heart when he goes into the holy place, for a remembrance before Jehovah continually. And you shall put into the breastplate of judgement the Urim and Thummim, and they shall be over Aaron's heart when he goes in before Jehovah. And Aaron shall bear the judgement of the sons of Israel over his heart before Jehovah continually. Exodus 28:28-30; Leviticus 8:7-8.
The fact that Jehovah or the Lord was inquired of and gave answers by means of the Urim is seen in Moses,
Jehovah said to Moses, Take Joshua the son of Nun. You shall place some of your glory on him, so that all the congregation of the children of Israel may be obedient. He shall stand before Eleazar the priest, and he shall inquire for him in the judgement of the Urim before Jehovah. Numbers 27:18, 20-21.
And in Samuel,
Saul inquired of Jehovah, but Jehovah did not answer him by dreams, or by the Urim, or by prophets. 1 Samuel 28:6.
