圣经文本

 

Ezequiel第18章

学习

   

1 De novo veio a mim a palavra do Senhor, dizendo:

2 Que quereis vós dizer, citando na terra de Israel este provérbio: Os pais comeram uvas verdes, e os dentes dos filhos se embotaram?

3 Vivo eu, diz e Senhor Deus, não se vos permite mais usar deste provérbio em Israel.

4 Eis que todas as almas são minhas; como o é a alma do pai, assim também a alma do filho é minha: a alma que pecar, essa morrerá.

5 Sendo pois o homem justo, e procedendo com retidão e justiça,

6 não comendo sobre os montes, nem levantando os seus olhes para os ídolos da casa de Israel, nem contaminando a mulher do seu próximo, nem se chegando à mulher na sua separação;

7 não oprimindo a ninguém, tornando, porém, ao devedor e seu penhor, e não roubando, repartindo e seu pão com o faminto, e cobrindo ao nu com vestido;

8 não emprestando com usura, e não recebendo mais de que emprestou, desviando a sua mão da injustiça, e fazendo verdadeira justiça entre homem e homem;

9 andando nos meus estatutos, e guardando as minhas ordenanças, para proceder segundo a verdade; esse é justo, certamente viverá, diz o Senhor Deus,

10 E se ele gerar um filho que se torne salteador, que derrame sangue, que faça a seu irmão qualquer dessas coisas;

11 e que não cumpra com nenhum desses deveres, porém coma sobre os montes, e contamine a mulher de seu próximo,

12 oprima ao pobre e necessitado, pratique roubos, não devolva o penhor, levante os seus olhos para os ídolos, cometa abominação,

13 empreste com usura, e receba mais do que emprestou; porventura viverá ele? Não viverá! Todas estas abominações, ele as praticou; certamente morrerá; o seu sangue será sobre ele.

14 Eis que também, se este por sua vez gerar um filho que veja todos os pecados que seu pai fez, tema, e não cometa coisas semelhantes,

15 não coma sobre os montes, nem levante os olhos para os ídolos da casa de Israel, e não contamine a mulher de seu próximo,

16 nem oprima a ninguém, e não empreste sob penhores, nem roube, porém reparta o seu pão com o faminto, e cubra ao nu com vestido;

17 que aparte da iniqüidade a sua mão, que não receba usura nem mais do que emprestou, que observe as minhas ordenanças e ande nos meus estatutos; esse não morrerá por causa da iniqüidade de seu pai; certamente viverá.

18 Quanto ao seu pai, porque praticou extorsão, e roubou os bens do irmão, e fez o que não era bom no meio de seu povo, eis que ele morrerá na sua iniqüidade.

19 contudo dizeis: Por que não levará o filho a iniqüidade do pai? Ora, se o filho proceder com retidão e justiça, e guardar todos os meus estatutos, e os cumprir, certamente viverá.

20 A alma que pecar, essa morrerá; o filho não levará a iniquidade do pai, nem o pai levará a iniquidade do filho, A justiça do justo ficará sobre ele, e a impiedade do ímpio cairá sobre ele.

21 Mas se o ímpio se converter de todos os seus pecados que cometeu, e guardar todos os meus estatutos, e preceder com retidão e justiça, certamente viverá; não morrerá.

22 De todas as suas transgressões que cometeu não haverá lembrança contra ele; pela sua justiça que praticou viverá.

23 Tenho eu algum prazer na morte do ímpio? diz o Senhor Deus. Não desejo antes que se converta dos seus caminhos, e viva?

24 Mas, desviando-se o justo da sua justiça, e cometendo a iniqüidade, fazendo conforme todas as abominações que faz o ímpio, porventura viverá? De todas as suas justiças que tiver feito não se fará memória; pois pela traição que praticou, e pelo pecado que cometeu ele morrerá.

25 Dizeis, porém: O caminho do Senhor não é justo. Ouvi, pois, ó casa de Israel: Acaso não é justo o meu caminho? não são os vossos caminhos que são injustos?

26 Desviando-se o justo da sua justiça, e cometendo iniqüidade, morrerá por ela; na sua iniqüidade que cometeu morrerá.

27 Mas, convertendo-se o ímpio da sua impiedade que cometeu, e procedendo com retidão e justiça, conservará este a sua alma em vida.

28 pois que reconsidera, e se desvia de todas as suas transgressões que cometeu, certamente viverá, não morrerá.

29 Contudo, diz a casa de Israel: O caminho do Senhor não é justo. Acaso não são justos os meus caminhos, ó casa de Israel, Não são antes os vossos caminhos que são injustos?

30 Portanto, eu vos julgarei, a cada um conforme os seus caminhos, ó casa de Israel, diz o Senhor Deus. Vinde, e convertei-vos de todas as vossas transgressões, para que a iniqüidade não vos leve à perdição.

31 Lançai de vós todas as vossas transgressões que cometestes contra mim; e criai em vós um coração novo e um espírito novo; pois, por que morrereis, ó casa de Israel,

32 Porque não tenho prazer na morte de ninguém, diz o Senhor Deus; convertei-vos, pois, e vivei,

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Apocalypse Explained#238

学习本章节

  
/1232  
  

238. And miserable and poor. That this signifies that neither do they know that these have neither knowledges of truth nor knowledges of good, is evident from the signification of misery, or miserable, as being those who are destitute of the knowledges of truth; and from the signification of poor, as being those who are without the knowledges of good. That the terms miserable and poor have such signification is evident from many passages in the Word, and moreover from this consideration, that spiritual misery and poverty are nothing else but a defect of the knowledges of truth and good, for when such defect exists, the spirit is both miserable and poor; but when these knowledges are possessed, the spirit is rich and opulent; therefore by riches and wealth in the Word are signified spiritual riches and wealth, which are the knowledges (cognitiones) of truth and good, as was shown above (n. 236).

[2] Miserable and poor are terms used in many passages in the Word; but when the spiritual sense of these terms is not known, it is believed that only those are meant who are miserable and poor as to the things of the world; when nevertheless these are not meant, but those who are not in truths and goods and in the knowledges thereof. Indeed, by the miserable are meant those who are not in truths because not in the knowledges of them, and by the poor, those who are not in goods because they are not in the knowledges thereof. Because truths and goods, are meant by these two expressions, therefore in many places both are mentioned, as in David:

"I am miserable and poor, Lord, remember me" (Psalms 40:17; 70:5).

Again:

"Incline thine ear, O Jehovah, answer; for I am miserable and poor" (Psalms 86:1).

That by the miserable and poor are not meant those who are so as to worldly riches, but as to spiritual riches, is clear, because David spoke this concerning himself; therefore he also said, "Jehovah, incline thine ear, and answer."

[3] Again:

"The wicked make bare the sword, and bend their bow, to cast down the miserable and poor" (Psalms 37:14).

That by the miserable and poor are here also meant those who are spiritually such but yet desire the knowledges of truth and good is evident, for it is said that the wicked make bare the sword, and bend their bow; the sword signifying falsity fighting against truth and endeavouring to destroy it; and the bow, the doctrine of falsity against the doctrine of truth; therefore it is said that they do this to cast down the miserable and poor. (That by sword is signified truth fighting against falsity, and, in an opposite sense, falsity fighting against truth, may be seen above, n. 131; and that by bow is signified doctrine in both senses, may be seen in Arcana Coelestia 2686, 2709.)

[4] Again:

The wicked "persecuted the miserable and poor, and the dejected in heart to slay him" (Psalms 109:16).

In Isaiah:

"The fool speaketh foolishness, and his heart doeth iniquity to practise hypocrisy and to speak error against Jehovah, to make empty the hungry soul, and to make him who thirsteth for drink to faint. He deviseth wicked devices to destroy the miserable with words of falsehood, even when the poor speaketh judgment" (32:6, 7).

In this passage, also, by the miserable and poor are meant those who are destitute of the knowledges of truth and good; therefore it is said that the wicked deviseth wicked devices to destroy the miserable with words of falsehood, even when the poor speaketh judgment; words of falsehood denote falsities, and to speak judgment denotes what is right. Because such are here treated of, it is also said that they practise hypocrisy and utter error against Jehovah, to make empty the soul of the hungry, and to cause him that thirsteth for drink to faint. To practise hypocrisy and to utter error denotes to do evil from falsity, and to speak falsity from evil; to make empty the soul of the hungry denotes to deprive of the knowledges of good those who desire them, and to cause the thirsty to faint for drink is to deprive of the knowledges of truth those who desire them. Again:

"The miserable shall have joy in Jehovah, and the poor of men shall exult in the Holy One of Israel" (29:19).

By the miserable and poor are here also signified those with whom there is a deficiency of truth and good, and who, nevertheless, desire them; of these it is said that they "shall have joy in Jehovah, and exult in the Holy One of Israel," and not of those who are miserable and poor as to worldly wealth.

[5] From these considerations it is evident what is signified by the miserable and poor in other passages in the Word, as in the following:

"The poor shall not always be forgotten; and the hope of the miserable shall not perish for ever" (Psalms 9:18).

Again:

"God shall judge the miserable of the people, he shall keep the sons of the poor. He shall liberate the poor when he crieth; the miserable also. He shall spare the poor and the needy, and shall save the souls of the poor" (Psalms 72:4, 12, 13).

Again:

"The miserable shall see, those seeking Jehovah shall be glad, because Jehovah heareth the poor" (Psalms 69:32, 33).

Again:

"Jehovah delivereth the miserable from him that is too strong for him, and the poor from him that spoileth him?" (Psalms 35:10).

Again:

"The miserable and poor praise thy name" (74:21; 109:22).

"I know that Jehovah will maintain the cause of the miserable, and the judgment of the poor" (Psalms 140:12).

And also elsewhere; as in Isaiah 10:2; Jeremiah 22:16; Ezekiel 16:49; 18:12; 22:29; Amos. 8:4; Deuteronomy 15:11; 24:14. The reason why both the miserable and the poor are mentioned in the passages adduced above, is, that it is according to the style of the Word that where truth is treated of good is also treated of; and, in the opposite sense, where falsity is treated of evil is also treated of, because they form one, and are like a marriage. On this account the miserable and the poor are mentioned together; for by the miserable are meant those who are deficient in the knowledges of truth, and by the poor those who are deficient in the knowledges of good. (That there is such a marriage almost everywhere in the prophetical parts of the Word, may be seen in Arcana Coelestia 683, 793, 801, 2516, 2712, 3004, 3005, 3009, 4138, 5138, 5194, 5502, 6343, 7022, 7945, 8339, 9263, 9314.) On this account also it is said in what follows: "And blind and naked;" for by the blind are meant those who have no understanding of truth, and by the naked those who have no understanding and will of good. Also, in the verse following, it is said, "I counsel thee to buy of me gold tried in the fire, and white raiment, that thou mayest be clothed;" for by gold tried in the fire is meant the good of love, and by white raiment the truths of faith. And further, it is said, "That the shame of thy nakedness do not appear; and anoint thine eyes with eye-salve, that thou mayest see," by which is meant lest the evils and falsities should be seen. The case is the same in other passages; but that such a marriage exists in every part of the Word, none can see but those who are acquainted with its internal sense.

  
/1232  
  

Translation by Isaiah Tansley. Many thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.