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Levitico第7章

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1 Questa è la legge del sacrifizio di riparazione; è cosa santissima.

2 Nel luogo ove si scanna l’olocausto, si scannerà la vittima di riparazione; e se ne spanderà il sangue sull’altare tutt’intorno;

3 e se ne offrirà tutto il grasso, la coda, il grasso che copre le interiora,

4 i due arnioni, il grasso che v’è sopra e che copre i fianchi, e la rete del fegato, che si staccherà vicino agli arnioni.

5 Il sacerdote farà fumare tutto questo sull’altare, come un sacrifizio fatto mediante il fuoco all’Eterno. Questo è un sacrifizio di riparazione.

6 Ogni maschio tra i sacerdoti ne potrà mangiare; lo si mangerà in luogo santo; è cosa santissima.

7 Il sacrifizio di riparazione è come il sacrifizio per il peccato; la stessa legge vale per ambedue; la vittima sarà del sacerdote che farà l’espiazione.

8 E il sacerdote che offrirà l’olocausto per qualcuno avrà per sé la pelle dell’olocausto che avrà offerto.

9 Così pure ogni oblazione cotta in forno, o preparata in padella, o sulla gratella, sarà del sacerdote che l’ha offerta.

10 E ogni oblazione impastata con olio, o asciutta, sarà per tutti i figliuoli d’Aaronne: per l’uno come per l’altro.

11 Questa è la legge del sacrifizio di azioni di grazie, che si offrirà all’Eterno.

12 Se uno l’offre per riconoscenza, offrirà, col sacrifizio di azioni di grazie, delle focacce senza lievito intrise con olio, delle gallette senza lievito unte con olio, e del fior di farina cotto, in forma di focacce intrise con olio.

13 Presenterà anche, per sua offerta, oltre quelle focacce, delle focacce di pan lievitato, insieme col suo sacrifizio di riconoscenza e di azioni di grazie.

14 D’ognuna di queste offerte si presenterà una parte come oblazione elevata all’Eterno; essa sarà del sacerdote che avrà fatto l’aspersione del sangue del sacrifizio di azioni di grazie.

15 E la carne del sacrifizio di riconoscenza e di azioni di grazie sarà mangiata il giorno stesso ch’esso è offerto; non se ne lascerà nulla fino alla mattina.

16 Ma se il sacrifizio che uno offre è votivo o volontario, la vittima sarà mangiata il giorno ch’ei l’offrirà, e quel che ne rimane dovrà esser mangiato l’indomani;

17 ma quel che sarà rimasto della carne del sacrifizio fino al terzo giorno, dovrà bruciarsi col fuoco.

18 Che se uno mangia della carne del suo sacrifizio di azioni di grazie il terzo giorno, colui che l’ha offerto non sarà gradito; e dell’offerta non gli sarà tenuto conto; sarà cosa aborrita; e colui che ne avrà mangiato porterà la pena della sua iniquità.

19 La carne che sarà stata in contatto di qualcosa d’impuro, non sarà mangiata; sarà bruciata col fuoco.

20 Quanto alla carne che si mangia, chiunque è puro ne potrà mangiare; ma la persona che, essendo impura, mangerà della carne del sacrifizio di azioni di grazie che appartiene all’Eterno, sarà sterminata di fra il suo popolo.

21 E se uno toccherà qualcosa d’impuro, una impurità umana, un animale impuro o qualsivoglia cosa abominevole, immonda, e mangerà della carne del sacrifizio di azioni di grazie che appartiene all’Eterno, quel tale sarà sterminato di fra il suo popolo".

22 L’Eterno parlò ancora a Mosè, dicendo:

23 "Parla ai figliuoli d’Israele, e di’ loro: Non mangerete alcun grasso, né di bue, né di pecora, né di capra.

24 Il grasso di una bestia morta da sé, o il grasso d’una bestia sbranata potrà servire per qualunque altro uso; ma non ne mangerete affatto;

25 perché chiunque mangerà del grasso degli animali che si offrono in sacrifizio mediante il fuoco all’Eterno, quel tale sarà sterminato di fra il suo popolo.

26 E non mangerete affatto alcun sangue, né di uccelli né di quadrupedi, in tutti i luoghi dove abiterete.

27 Chiunque mangerà sangue di qualunque specie, sarà sterminato di fra il suo popolo".

28 L’Eterno parlò ancora a Mosè, dicendo:

29 "Parla ai figliuoli d’Israele, e di’ loro: Colui che offrirà all’Eterno il suo sacrifizio di azioni di grazie porterà la sua offerta all’Eterno, prelevandola dal suo sacrifizio di azioni di grazie.

30 Porterà con le proprie mani ciò che dev’essere offerto all’Eterno mediante il fuoco; porterà il grasso insieme col petto, il petto per agitarlo come offerta agitata davanti all’Eterno.

31 Il sacerdote farà fumare il grasso sull’altare; e il petto sarà d’Aaronne e de’ suoi figliuoli.

32 Darete pure al sacerdote, come offerta elevata, la coscia destra dei vostri sacrifizi d’azioni di grazie.

33 Colui de’ figliuoli d’Aaronne che offrirà il sangue e il grasso dei sacrifizi di azioni di grazie avrà, come sua parte, la coscia destra.

34 Poiché, dai sacrifizi di azioni di grazie offerti dai figliuoli d’Israele, io prendo il petto dell’offerta agitata e la coscia dell’offerta elevata, e li do al sacerdote Aaronne e ai suoi figliuoli per legge perpetua, da osservarsi dai figliuoli d’Israele.

35 Questa è la parte consacrata ad Aaronne e consacrata ai suoi figliuoli, dei sacrifizi fatti mediante il fuoco all’Eterno, dal giorno in cui saranno presentati per esercitare il sacerdozio dell’Eterno.

36 Questo l’Eterno ha ordinato ai figliuoli d’Israele di dar loro dal giorno della loro unzione. E’ una parte ch’è loro dovuta in perpetuo, di generazione in generazione".

37 Questa è la legge dell’olocausto, dell’oblazione, del sacrifizio per il peccato, del sacrifizio di riparazione, della consacrazione e del sacrifizio di azioni di grazie:

38 legge che l’Eterno dette a Mosè sul monte Sinai il giorno che ordinò ai figliuoli d’Israele di presentare le loro offerte all’Eterno nel deserto di Sinai.

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#10033

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10033. Since the present chapter deals with the sacrifice and the burnt offering through which Aaron and his sons were consecrated to the priestly office a little more will be stated regarding the blood and the fat. All the blood of a sacrifice or of a burnt offering had to be poured out at the altar and all the fat had to be burned on the altar, as the statutes and laws in Leviticus relating to burnt offerings and sacrifices make clear. The reason why this was done to the blood and fat was that the blood meant Divine Truth and the fat Divine Good. The fact that the blood meant Divine Truth is clear from what has been shown regarding 'blood' in 4735, 6378, 6978, 7317, 7326, 7850, 9127, 9393, and that the fat meant Divine Good is clear from what has been shown in 5943.

[2] That 'blood' means Divine Truth is perfectly clear in Ezekiel,

Gather yourselves from all around to My sacrifice which I am sacrificing for you, a great sacrifice upon the mountains of Israel, so that you may eat flesh and drink blood. You will eat the flesh of the mighty, and drink the blood of the princes of the earth. You will eat fat till you are glutted, and drink blood till you are drunk, from My sacrifice which I will sacrifice for you. You will be glutted at My table with horse, chariot, the mighty, and every man of war. Thus will I set My glory among the nations. Ezekiel 39:17-22.

Anyone can see that 'blood' is not used to mean blood here, for it states that they were going to drink the blood of the princes of the earth, doing so till they were drunk, and also that they were going to eat fat till they were glutted, and then that they would be glutted with horse and chariot. From these statements it is evident that 'blood' is used to mean something other than blood, 'the princes of the earth' to mean something other than princes of the earth, and also 'fat' as well as 'horse and chariot' something other than fat, or horse and chariot. What is meant however none can know except through the internal sense. This shows that 'blood' means Divine Truth, 'the princes of the earth' the Church's primary or leading truths, 'fat' Divine Good, 'horse' the internal sense of the Word, and 'chariot' actual doctrinal teachings derived from there.

'Blood' means Divine Truth; this is clear from the places referred to above.

'The princes of the earth' means primary truths, 5044.

'The earth' means the Church, 9325.

'Horse' means the internal sense of the Word, 2760-2762.

'Chariot' means doctrinal teachings, 5321, 8215.

[3] From all this it is now evident what the meaning is of the Lord's words in John,

Jesus said, Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink His blood you will have no life in yourselves. Whoever eats My flesh and drinks My blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day. For My flesh is truly food, and My blood is truly drink. He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood abides in Me, and I in him. John 6:53-56.

'Flesh' means Divine Good, see 3813, 7850, 9127; and 'the Son of Man' whose flesh they were to eat and blood they were to drink means the Lord in respect of Divine Truth emanating from Divine Good, 9807.

[4] But the fact that 'fat' means Divine Good is clear in Isaiah,

Jehovah will make for all peoples on this mountain a feast of fat things. Isaiah 25:6.

In the same prophet,

Attend [diligently] to Me and eat what is good, and let your soul delight itself in fatness. Isaiah 55:2.

And in Jeremiah,

I will fill the soul of the priests with fat, and My people will be satisfied with My goodness. Jeremiah 31:14.

From these quotations it becomes clear why all the fat of a sacrifice was burned on the altar and why all the blood was poured out at the side of it.

[5] Because blood and fat were signs of those Divine Entities the Israelite people were totally forbidden to eat fat or blood, as is clear in Moses,

[This shall be] a perpetual statute throughout your generations: You shall eat no fat and no blood. Leviticus 3:17.

In the same author,

You shall eat no fat, neither of ox, nor sheep, nor she-goat. Everyone who eats fat from a beast, from one that is offered as a fire-offering to Jehovah, that soul eating it will be cut off from his peoples. Leviticus 7:23, 25.

And again in the same author,

Whoever eats any blood, I will set My face against the soul eating blood and will cut him off from among his people. Leviticus 17:10-14; Deuteronomy 12:16, 23-25.

[6] The reason why eating blood and fat was so strictly forbidden was that eating them represented the profanation of Divine Truth and Divine Good. For the Israelite and Jewish nation was interested in outward forms but not their inner substance, so that in their faith and love there was no Divine Truth nor any Divine Good; and their worship was external devoid of these. This was because they were ruled by self-love and love of the world more than other nations; consequently they were steeped in evils gushing out of those loves, these evils being contempt for others, enmity, hatred, vengeance, brutality, and cruelty. This also was the reason why internal truths were not revealed to them, for if these had been revealed that nation would have inevitably profaned them. Such was the character of that nation, as may be seen in the places referred to in 9320(end), 9380. Therefore they would have represented profanation if they had eaten blood and fat; for whatever was established among them was representative of the interior things of the Church and heaven.

[7] From these considerations it is even more evident what the meaning is of the words in Ezekiel 39:17-22, dealt with above, stating that they would eat fat till they were glutted and drink blood, the blood of the princes of the earth, till they were drunk. That is to say, the meaning is that when inner virtues were opened up, those with whom these virtues existed, that is, faith in and love to the Lord, would have Divine Truth and Divine Good imparted to them as their own, as happened among gentile nations when the Lord came into the world. Therefore also those words go on to say, Thus will I set My glory among the nations, 'glory' meaning Divine Truth emanating from the Lord as it exists in heaven, 9429, and 'the nations' meaning all who are governed by good, 1259, 1260, 1416, 1849, 4574, 6005, 8771, 9256.

[8] This the Lord Himself corroborates, in His declaration that His flesh was truly food and His blood was truly drink, and whoever ate His flesh and drank His blood would abide in Him, and He in that person, John 6:55-56, and also in His institution of the Holy Supper, in which they were to eat His flesh and to drink His blood, Matthew 26:26-29, by which receiving Divine Good and Divine Truth from Him and making them their own was meant. Receiving Divine Good and Divine Truth from the Lord and making them their own is possible only with those who acknowledge the Lord's Divinity, for this is the first and most essential of all matters of belief within the Church. To no others can the way to heaven be opened, because the whole of heaven assents to that belief, and therefore Divine Truth emanating from the Lord's Divine Good, meant here by 'blood', cannot be imparted to them. Therefore let anyone who is within the Church beware of refusing to believe in the Lord and also His Divinity; for heaven is closed and hell opened to that refusal. For those people are separated from the Lord, and so are separated from heaven, where the Lord's Divinity is the All in all since it composes heaven. And when heaven has been closed, knowledge of the truths of faith derived from the Word and from the teachings of the Church indeed exists, but not a particle of faith that is real faith because real faith comes from above, that is, from the Lord by way of heaven.

[9] The Lord spoke in this manner, that is to say, He called the Divine Good emanating from Himself His flesh, and the Divine Truth emanating from His Divine Good His blood, because the Word, which sprang from Him, was His Divinity filling the whole of heaven. Such a Word must manifest itself through the use of correspondences, as a result of which it is representative and carries a spiritual meaning in every single part; for in this and no other way could it link members of the Church to angels in heaven. For when people in the world understand the Word according to its literal meaning angels understand it according to its inner meaning. Thus instead of the Lord's flesh they understand Divine Good, and instead of His blood they understand Divine Truth, both emanating from the Lord. As a consequence that which is holy flows in by way of the Word.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.