新基督教圣经研究

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Εξοδος πλήθους第22章

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1 Εαν τις κλεψη βουν η προβατον και σφαξη αυτο η πωληση αυτο, θελει πληρωσει πεντε βοας αντι του βοος και τεσσαρα προβατα αντι του προβατου.

2 Εαν ο κλεπτης ευρεθη καμνων ρηξιν και κτυπηθη και αποθανη, δεν θελει χυθη αιμα δι' αυτον.

3 Εαν ομως ο ηλιος ανατειλη επανω αυτου, θελει χυθη αιμα δι' αυτον· πρεπει να καμη ανταποδοσιν· και αν δεν εχη, θελει πωληθη δια την κλοπην αυτου.

4 Εαν το κλοπιμαιον ευρεθη εις τας χειρας αυτου ζων, ειτε βους ειτε ονος ειτε προβατον, θελει αποδωσει το διπλουν.

5 Εαν τις καταβοσκηση αγρον η αμπελωνα και αφηση το κτηνος αυτου να βοσκηθη εν αγρω ξενου ανθρωπου, θελει καμει ανταποδοσιν εκ του καλητερου του αγρου αυτου και εκ του καλητερου του αμπελωνος αυτου.

6 Εαν εξελθη πυρ και ευρη ακανθας, και καωσι θημωνιαι σιτου η ασταχυα ισταμενα η αγρος, ο αναψας το πυρ θελει εξαπαντος καμει ανταποδοσιν.

7 Εαν τις παραδωση εις τον πλησιον αυτου αργυριον η σκευη δια να φυλαττη αυτα, και κλαπωσιν εκ της οικιας του ανθρωπου, αν ευρεθη ο κλεπτης, θελει αποδωσει το διπλουν·

8 αν ο κλεπτης δεν ευρεθη, τοτε ο κυριος της οικιας θελει φερθη εμπροσθεν των κριτων, δια να εξετασθη αν δεν εβαλε την χειρα αυτου επι τα κτηματα του πλησιον αυτου.

9 Περι παντος ειδους αδικηματος, περι βοος, περι ονου, περι προβατου, περι ενδυματος, περι παντος πραγματος χαμενου, το οποιον αλλος ηθελε διαφιλονεικει οτι ειναι αυτου, η κρισις αμφοτερων θελει ελθει εμπροσθεν των κριτων· και οντινα καταδικασωσιν οι κριται, εκεινος θελει αποδωσει το διπλουν εις τον πλησιον αυτου.

10 Εαν τις παραδωση εις τον πλησιον αυτου ονον η βουν η προβατον η οποιονδηποτε κτηνος, δια να φυλαττη αυτο, και αποθανη η συντριφθη η αρπαχθη χωρις να ιδη τις,

11 ορκος Θεου θελει γεινει ανα μεσον αμφοτερων αυτων, οτι δεν εβαλε την χειρα αυτου επι το κτημα του πλησιον αυτου· και ο κυριος αυτου θελει λαβει αυτο, ο δε αλλος δεν θελει καμει ανταποδοσιν.

12 Εαν ομως εκλεφθη παρ' αυτου, θελει καμει ανταποδοσιν εις τον κυριον αυτου.

13 Εαν εγεινε θηριαλωτον, θελει φερει αυτο δια μαρτυριαν και δεν θελει πληρωσει το θηριαλωτον.

14 Και εαν τις δανεισθη ζωον παρα του πλησιον αυτου, και συντριφθη η αποθανη, ο δε κυριος αυτου δεν ηναι μετ' αυτου, θελει εξαπαντος πληρωσει αυτο.

15 Εαν ομως ο κυριος αυτου ηναι μετ' αυτου, δεν θελει πληρωσει· αν ητο μεμισθωμενον, ηλθε δια τον μισθον αυτου.

16 Και εαν τις απατηση παρθενον μη ηρραβωνισμενην, και κοιμηθη μετ' αυτης, θελει εξαπαντος προικισει αυτην με προικα δια γυναικα εις εαυτον.

17 Εαν ομως ο πατηρ αυτης δεν στεργη να δωση αυτην εις αυτον, αργυριον θελει πληρωσει κατα την προικα των παρθενων.

18 Μαγισσαν δεν θελεις αφησει να ζη.

19 Οστις συνευρεθη με κτηνος, θελει εξαπαντος θανατωθη.

20 Ο θυσιαζων εις θεους, εκτος εις μονον τον Κυριον, θελει εξολοθρευθη.

21 Και ξενον δεν θελεις κακοποιησει ουδε θελεις καταδυναστευσει αυτον· διοτι ξενοι εσταθητε εν τη γη της Αιγυπτου.

22 Ουδεμιαν χηραν η ορφανον δεν θελετε καταθλιψει.

23 Εαν καταθλιψητε αυτους οπωσδηποτε και βοησωσι προς εμε, θελω εξαπαντος εισακουσει της φωνης αυτων,

24 και ο θυμος μου θελει εξαφθη και θελω σας θανατωσει εν μαχαιρα· και αι γυναικες σας θελουσιν εισθαι χηραι και τα τεκνα σας ορφανα.

25 Εαν δανεισης αργυριον εις τον πτωχον γειτονα σου μεταξυ του λαου μου, δεν θελεις φερθη προς αυτον ως τοκιστης, δεν θελεις επιβαλει επ' αυτον τοκον.

26 Εαν λαβης ενεχυρον το ενδυμα του πλησιον σου, θελεις επιστρεψει αυτο προς αυτον πριν δυση ο ηλιος·

27 διοτι τουτο μονον ειναι το σκεπασμα αυτου, τουτο το ενδυμα του δερματος αυτου· με τι θελει κοιμηθη; και οταν βοηση προς εμε, θελω εισακουσει· διοτι εγω ειμαι ελεημων.

28 Δεν θελεις κακολογησει κριτας, ουδε θελεις καταρασθη αρχοντα του λαου σου.

29 Τας απαρχας του αλωνιου σου και του ληνου σου δεν θελεις καθυστερησει· τον πρωτοτοκον σου εκ των υιων σου θελεις δωσει εις εμε·

30 ομοιως θελεις καμει δια τον βουν σου και δια το προβατον σου· επτα ημερας θελει εισθαι μετα της μητρος αυτου, την ογδοην ημεραν θελεις δωσει αυτο εις εμε.

31 Και ανδρες αγιοι θελετε εισθαι εις εμε· και κρεας θηριαλωτον εν τω αγρω δεν θελετε φαγει· εις τον σκυλον θελετε ριψει αυτο.

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#9139

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9139. 'When a man devastates a field or a vineyard' means a stripping away of the Church's goodness and truth by evil desires. This is clear from the meaning of 'devastating' as a stripping away by evil desires, dealt with below in 9141; from the meaning of 'a field' as the Church in respect of good, dealt with in 2971, 3766, 4982, 7502, thus the Church's good; and from the meaning of 'a vineyard' as the Church in respect of truth, thus the Church's truth. The reason why 'a field' is the Church in respect of good is that the products of a field, such as wheat and barley, mean forms of good in the Church, internal and external ones, 3941, 7602, 7605; and the reason why 'a vineyard' is the Church in respect of truth is that 'wine', which is the product of a vineyard, means the truth of good, 1071, 6377.

[2] The origin of these meanings of 'a field' and 'a vineyard' lies in representatives in the spiritual world. For fields full of wheat and barley appear before the eyes of spirits when angels in a higher heaven are talking about an assembly of people governed by good; and vineyards full of grapes appear, together with winepresses in them, when angels are talking about an assembly of people governed by the truth of good. Those representatives are not due to the existence of such fields and vineyards on earth; rather, they are due to correspondences, in that wheat and barley, or bread made from them, nourish the body just as the good of love and charity nourishes the soul, and in that wine serving as drink nourishes the body just as the truth and good of faith nourish the soul. This is the reason why in the Word the good of love and the truth of faith are called food and drink; indeed in this sense they are heavenly food and drink, 56-58, 680, 681, 1973, 1974, 4459, 4792, 5147, 5293, 5576, 5579, 5915, 8562.

[3] The fact that 'a vineyard' means the Church in respect of the good and truth of faith, which is called a spiritual Church, is clear from places in the Word in which a vineyard is mentioned, as in Jeremiah,

Many shepherds have destroyed My vineyard, they have trampled down My field; they have rendered the field of [My] delight into a lonely wilderness. They have made it (the vineyard) into a solitary place. Jeremiah 12:10-11.

Here 'vineyard' and 'field' plainly stand for the Church; and since the Church is the Church by virtue of the truth and good of faith and charity, it is evident that in these verses 'vineyard' is the Church in respect of truth and 'the field' the Church in respect of good. In Isaiah,

Jehovah enters into judgement with the elders of His people and with its princes. You set alight the vineyard. Isaiah 3:14.

Here also 'vineyard' plainly stands for the Church in respect of the good and truth of faith; for 'the elders' with whom Jehovah will enter into judgement are the Church's forms of good, 6524, 6525, and 'the princes' are its truths, 5044.

[4] In the same prophet,

I will sing to my beloved a song of my friend regarding His vineyard: My beloved had a vineyard in a horn of a son of oil, 1 which he surrounded [with an enclosure], and planted with the choicest vine. Isaiah 5:1-2ff.

This refers to the Lord, who is the 'beloved' and 'friend'. 'The vineyard' is His spiritual Church, 'the choicest vine' is that Church's good of faith, and 'a horn of a son of oil' is that Church's good of faith growing out of the good of love. The person who knows nothing whatever about the internal sense of the Word cannot possibly know what 'a vineyard in a horn of a son of oil' means. Nevertheless this expression has a meaning lying hidden within it such as no words can express. They contain a full description of the Lord's spiritual kingdom linked to His celestial kingdom, that is, of the second heaven to the third, consequently a full description of the good of faith in the Lord, which is the spiritual kingdom's, linked to the good of love to the Lord, which is the celestial kingdom's. 'The vineyard' is the spiritual kingdom; 'in a horn' is in power, thus in that kingdom, 'a son of oil' being the external level of the good of love in the celestial kingdom. The celestial kingdom, which is the Lord's inmost heaven, is called the olive or an olive-grove, for 'oil' means the good of celestial love, 886, 4582, 4638. It should be recognized that the Lord's kingdom on earth is the Church. As regards the existence of two kingdoms, the celestial kingdom and the spiritual kingdom, and the fact that the spiritual kingdom constitutes the second heaven and the celestial kingdom the third, see 3887, 4138, 4279, 4286; and with regard to their being linked together, 6435.

[5] In the same prophet,

On that day, a vineyard of unmixed wine; 2 respond to it. I Jehovah am guarding it; every moment I will water it. Isaiah 27:2-3.

'A vineyard of unmixed wine' stands for the spiritual Church. In Amos,

In all vineyards there will be wailing; I will pass through you. Woe to you desiring the day of Jehovah! What will the day of Jehovah be for you? It will be one of darkness, and not of light. Amos 5:17-18.

This refers to the final period of the Church, when the good and truth of faith do not exist any longer, that final period being meant by 'the day of Jehovah, which will be one of darkness, and not of light'. This is why it says, 'In all vineyards there will be wailing'. In John, in Revelation,

The angel sent his sickle into the earth and harvested the vine of the earth, and cast it into the great winepress of the wrath of God. Revelation 14:18, 19.

'Harvesting the vine of the earth' means devouring the Church's truth and good, 'the earth' being the Church. From all this one may now see why it is that the Lord likened the kingdom of heaven so many times to a vineyard, as in Matthew 20:1ff; 21:28-29, 33-41; Mark 12:1-13; and why it is that the Lord called Himself 'the vine' in John,

As the branch cannot bear fruit by itself unless it abides in the vine, neither can you unless you abide in Me. I am the vine, you are the branches; apart from Me you cannot do anything. John 15:1ff.

'The vine' is faith in the Lord, and for that reason is the Lord in respect of faith. For the Lord is faith because faith originates in Him; no faith is faith except that which originates in Him. So it is also that 'the vine' means faith that is faith in Him.

脚注:

1. i.e. on a very fertile hill

2. i.e. a vineyard of grapes that produce strong wine. Some English versions follow a textual variation meaning a delightful vineyard.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

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