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2 Mose第21章

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1 Und dies sind die echte, die du ihnen vorlegen sollst:

2 So du einen hebräischen Knecht kaufst, soll er sechs Jahre dienen, und im siebten soll er frei ausgehen, umsonst.

3 Wenn er allein (W. mit seinem Leibe, d. h. unverheiratet) gekommen ist, soll er allein ausgehen; wenn er eines Weibes Mann war, soll sein Weib mit ihm ausgehen.

4 Wenn sein Herr ihm ein Weib gegeben und sie ihm Söhne oder Töchter geboren hat, so sollen das Weib und ihre Kinder ihrem Herrn gehören, und er soll allein ausgehen.

5 Wenn aber der Knecht etwa sagt: Ich liebe meinen Herrn, mein Weib und meine Kinder, ich will nicht frei ausgehen,

6 so soll sein Herr ihn vor die ichter (H. Elohim: Götter. So auch Kap. 22,8. 9; vergl. Ps. 82) bringen und ihn an die Tür oder an den Pfosten stellen, und sein Herr soll ihm das Ohr mit einer Pfrieme durchbohren; und er soll ihm dienen auf ewig.

7 Und so jemand seine Tochter zur Magd verkauft, soll sie nicht ausgehen, wie die Knechte ausgehen.

8 Wenn sie in den Augen ihres Herrn mißfällig ist, die er für sich bestimmt hatte, so lasse er sie loskaufen: er soll nicht Macht haben, sie an ein fremdes Volk zu verkaufen, weil er treulos an ihr gehandelt hat.

9 Und wenn er sie seinem Sohne bestimmt, so soll er ihr tun nach dem echte der Töchter.

10 Wenn er sich (And. üb.: ihm) eine andere nimmt, so soll er ihre Nahrung, ihre Kleidung und ihre Beiwohnung nicht vermindern.

11 Und wenn er ihr diese drei Dinge nicht tut, so soll sie umsonst ausgehen, ohne Geld.

12 Wer einen Menschen schlägt, daß er stirbt, soll gewißlich getötet werden;

13 hat er ihm aber nicht nachgestellt, und Gott hat es seiner Hand begegnen lassen, so werde ich dir einen Ort bestimmen, wohin er fliehen soll.

14 Und so jemand wider seinen Nächsten vermessen handelt, daß er ihn umbringt mit Hinterlist-von meinem Altar sollst du ihn wegnehmen, daß er sterbe.

15 Und wer seinen Vater oder seine Mutter schlägt, soll gewißlich getötet werden.

16 Und wer einen Menschen stiehlt und ihn verkauft, oder er wird in seiner Hand gefunden, der soll gewißlich getötet werden.

17 Und wer seinem Vater oder seiner Mutter flucht, soll gewißlich getötet werden.

18 Und wenn Männer hadern, und einer schlägt den anderen mit einem Steine oder mit der Faust, und er stirbt nicht, sondern wird bettlägerig:

19 wenn er aufsteht und draußen an seinem Stabe wandelt, so soll der Schläger schuldlos sein; nur soll er sein Versäumnis (Eig. sein Stillsitzen) erstatten und ihn völlig heilen lassen.

20 Und so jemand seinen Knecht oder seine Magd mit dem Stocke schlägt, daß er unter seiner Hand stirbt, so soll er gewißlich gerächt werden:

21 nur wenn er einen Tag oder zwei Tage leben bleibt, soll er nicht gerächt werden, denn er ist sein Geld. (d. h. für sein Geld erkauft)

22 Und wenn Männer sich streiten und stoßen ein schwangeres Weib, daß ihr die Frucht abgeht, und es geschieht kein Schaden, so soll er gewißlich an Geld gestraft werden, jenachdem der Mann des Weibes ihm auferlegen wird, und er soll es geben durch die ichter. (O. nach der ichter Ermessen)

23 Wenn aber Schaden geschieht, so sollst du geben Leben um Leben,

24 Auge um Auge, Zahn um Zahn, Hand um Hand, Fuß um Fuß,

25 Brandmal um Brandmal, Wunde um Wunde, Strieme um Strieme.

26 Und so jemand in das Auge seines Knechtes oder in das Auge seiner Magd schlägt und verdirbt es, so soll er ihn frei entlassen um sein Auge.

27 Und wenn er den Zahn seines Knechtes oder den Zahn seiner Magd ausschlägt, so soll er ihn frei entlassen um seinen Zahn.

28 Und wenn ein Ochse (Eig. ein Stück indvieh; so auch in den folgenden Kapiteln) einen Mann oder ein Weib stößt, daß sie sterben, (W. daß er stirbt) so soll der Ochse gewißlich gesteinigt, und sein Fleisch soll nicht gegessen werden; aber der Besitzer des Ochsen soll schuldlos sein.

29 Wenn aber der Ochse vordem stößig war, und sein Besitzer ist gewarnt worden, und er hat ihn nicht verwahrt, und er tötet einen Mann oder ein Weib, so soll der Ochse gesteinigt, und auch sein Besitzer soll getötet werden.

30 Wenn ihm eine Sühne auferlegt wird, so soll er das Lösegeld seines Lebens geben nach allem, was ihm auferlegt wird.

31 Mag er einen Sohn stoßen oder eine Tochter stoßen, so soll ihm nach diesem echte getan werden.

32 Wenn der Ochse einen Knecht stößt oder eine Magd, so soll sein Besitzer (W. er) ihrem Herrn dreißig Silbersekel geben, und der Ochse soll gesteinigt werden.

33 Und wenn jemand eine Grube öffnet, oder wenn jemand eine Grube gräbt und sie nicht zudeckt, und es fällt ein Ochse oder ein Esel hinein,

34 so soll es der Besitzer der Grube erstatten: Geld soll er dem Besitzer desselben zahlen, (W. zurückgeben) und das tote Tier soll ihm gehören.

35 Und wenn jemandes Ochse den Ochsen seines Nächsten stößt, daß er stirbt, so sollen sie den lebenden Ochsen verkaufen und den Erlös (W. sein Geld) teilen, und auch den toten sollen sie teilen.

36 Ist es aber bekannt gewesen, daß der Ochse vordem stößig war, und sein Besitzer hat ihn nicht verwahrt, so soll er gewißlich Ochsen für Ochsen erstatten, und der tote soll ihm gehören.

   

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In the Bible, things that are lower down, or under, physically, generally represent things that are lower or more external spiritually. In some cases, the lower things have been separated and put away to protect the good, but in others, it can mean that a less exalted idea or good desire is supporting a more exalted one.

(参考: Arcana Coelestia 4564 [1-2], 8610, 9656)

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Apocalypse Explained#866

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866. Verse 5. And in their mouth was found no deceit, signifies that they are averse to thinking falsities and persuading to them. This is evident from the signification of "mouth," as being thought and speech therefrom, and thus persuasion; (See above, n. 580, 782, 794); also from the signification of "deceit," as being to deceive and mislead purposely, thus from an intention of the will; consequently to think falsities and persuade to them designedly, which destroys man forever. That such things have no place in those who are led by the Lord or who follow Him is signified by "in their mouth is found no deceit." For the Lord is Divine truth united to Divine good; and all who are in the Lord, who are those who acknowledge His Divine Human and do His commandments, are in the Divine truth and in the Divine good; and as thinking falsities is contrary to the Divine truth, and wishing to persuade to them is contrary to the Divine good, such are averse to so doing.

[2] What else "deceit" signifies in the Word can be seen from the passages where it is mentioned, as in the following.

In John:

Jesus said of Nathaniel as he was coming to Him, Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no deceit (John 1:47).

An "Israelite" signifies one who is in the good of charity, and from that in truths, thus one who is in truths from good. Such are meant also by "the hundred forty-four thousand who follow the Lord, in whose mouth is found no deceit;" so here "deceit" has the same signification.

[3] In Zephaniah:

The remnant of Israel shall not do perversity nor speak a lie, neither shall a tongue of deceit be found in their mouth (Zephaniah 3:13).

"The remnant of Israel," the same as "an Israelite indeed," means those who are in spiritual faith, because they are in the good of charity; "to speak a lie" signifies to teach falsely from ignorance of truth; but "deceit" signifies falsity that is not from ignorance of truth, but from deliberation, thus from the purpose of deceiving, as is the case with the wicked.

[4] Likewise in the following passages:

He did no violence, neither was deceit in His mouth (Isaiah 53:9); which is said of the Lord:

He shall redeem their 1 soul from deceit and violence (Psalms 72:14).

The rich are full of violence, and the inhabitants thereof speak a lie; and as to their tongue deceit is in their mouth (Micah 6:12).

They fill their master's house with violence and deceit (Zephaniah 1:9).

Men of bloods and of deceit shall not live out half their days (Psalms 55:23).

Thou wilt destroy those that speak a lie; the man of bloods and of deceit Jehovah will abhor (Psalms 5:6).

"Violence and blood" signify perversion of truth and falsification of the Word; and "deceit" signifies doing this purposely:

Jehovah give ear to my prayers, that are apart from lips of deceit (Psalms 17:1).

Keep thy tongue from evil, and thy lips from speaking deceit (Psalms 34:13).

If my lips should speak iniquity, and my tongue should speak deceit (Job 27:4).

Deliver my soul, O Jehovah, from a lip of falsehood, from a tongue of deceit. What shall he give to thee, What shall he add to thee, thou tongue of deceit? (Psalms 120:2, 3).

Thou openest thy mouth to evil, and with thy tongue thou framest deceit (Psalms 50:19).

The mouth of the wicked, the mouth of deceit they have opened against me; they have spoken against me with a tongue of lies (Psalms 109:2).

Thy tongue thinketh wickednesses like a sharp razor working deceit (Psalms 52:2, 4).

They mock everyone with his companion, and they speak not truth; they have taught their tongue to speak a lie; it is thine to dwell in the midst of deceit; through deceit they have refused to know Me (Jeremiah 9:5, 6).

"Lips and tongue" with which they speak falsehood and deceit signify the thought with the intention of persuading to falsities against truths, and of misleading; the lips and the tongue having a similar signification as the mouth:

Blessed is the man unto whom Jehovah imputeth not iniquity, and in whose spirit there is no deceit (Psalms 36:2);

The words of his mouth are iniquity and deceit; he ceaseth from understanding and doing good (Psalms 36:3);

To speak iniquity and to speak deceit (Job 13:7);

"iniquity" having reference to evil and "deceit" to falsity thence:

From the man of deceit and perversity deliver me, O Jehovah (Psalms 43:1).

The clean in hands and pure in heart, who doth not lift up his soul to vanity, and sweareth not with deceit (Psalms 24:4).

They think words of deceit against the quiet in the land, they opened their mouth exceedingly against me (Psalms 35:20, 21).

Wickednesses are in the midst thereof, fraud and deceit depart not from her street (Psalms 55:11).

Thou hast trodden down all them that err from Thy statutes, for their deceit is a lie (Psalms 119:118).

This people turneth itself away, Jerusalem is perpetually turned away, they hold fast to deceit, they refuse to return; I have hearkened and heard, but they speak not aright (Jeremiah 8:5, 6).

In these passages "deceit" does not mean deceit in the natural sense, which consists of deceitful plotting and malicious false-hood against another, but deceit in the spiritual sense, in which "deceit" means thought from the intention of the will, or intentionally and deliberately speaking falsities and persuading to them, and thereby destroying the soul.

[5] Likewise respecting the prophets, in Jeremiah:

Is it not in the heart of the prophets that prophesy falsehood, even of the prophets of the deceit of their own heart? (Jeremiah 23:26).

In the same:

The prophets prophesy unto you a vision of falsehood and divinations, and a thing of nought, and the deceit of their own heart (Jeremiah 14:14).

In the spiritual sense "prophets" signify those who teach truths from the Word and doctrine, and thus in an abstract sense the Word as to doctrine, therefore in the contrary sense, as in these passages, they signify those who teach falsities, thus those who falsify the truths of the Word; and to do this intentionally is meant by "the deceit of their heart."

[6] That "deceit" means in the spiritual sense intentional falsification of the truths of the Word, from a desire to mislead, is evident in Hosea:

Ephraim hath compassed Me about with falsehood, and the house of Israel with deceit (Hosea 11:12).

"Ephraim" signifies the understanding of the truths of the church; and "the house of Israel" the church itself; so "deceit" and "falsehood" signify persuading to falsities with intention and desire.

[7] In the same:

They are become like a deceitful bow; their princes shall fall by the sword, from the rage of their tongue (Hosea 7:16).

And in David:

They are turned aside like deceitful bows (Psalms 78:57).

They are compared to a "deceitful bow" because a "bow" signifies doctrine combating, in both senses, namely, the doctrine of falsity combating against truth, and of truth against falsity, for javelins and arrows signify falsities or truths to fight with. (That this is the signification of "bow and arrows" may be seen above, n. 357.) All this again makes evident that "deceit" means deceit in the spiritual sense, which is deceit against the truths and goods of the Word and of the church, thus a disposition and desire to destroy them.

[8] That a disposition and desire to destroy the truths and goods of the Word, of doctrine, and of the church, thus to destroy them deliberately and intentionally, is signified by "deceit," is evident in Jeremiah:

They watch as fowlers lie in wait; they set a trap that they may catch men; as a cage full of birds so their houses are full of deceit (Jeremiah 5:26, 27).

In Moses:

If a man have a purpose against his neighbor to slay him by deceit, thou shalt take him from Mine altar (Exodus 21:14).

And as this was so grievous a sin it is said in Jeremiah:

Cursed is he who doeth the work of Jehovah with deceit (Jeremiah 48:10).

"Deceit" was so grievous a crime because deliberation and purpose are of the will, and whatever is of the will is of the man himself, and is called the evil of his heart, for the will is the man himself; but the thought that precedes consent, which is an act of the will, is not in man but outside of him; since the things that flow into the thought are like the objects that flow into the sight from the world, some of which are pleasing and some not pleasing; and those that are pleasing enter the delight of his life, but those that are not pleasing are cast out. So it is with everything that flows into man's internal sight, which is of his understanding and consequent thought. If it is pleasing it enters his will and adds itself to his life; but if it is not pleasing it is cast out.

[9] It is to be known that all evil persons have a disposition and desire, consequently a will, to destroy the truths of heaven and the church by falsities, for the reason that they are conjoined to hell, and infernal spirits from the delight of their love burn with a lust of destroying all things of heaven and the church, and this by crafty devices, which they artfully contrive and wonderfully execute, which, if described from experience, would fill many pages. This makes clear that "deceit" signifies in general all evil of intention to destroy truths by falsities. (In addition, see what has been said about deceit in the Arcana Coelestia, namely, that deceit destroys everything of the spiritual and interior life in man, n. 9013; that deceit, fraud, and simulation were accounted by the ancients monstrous wickedness, n. 3573; that the deceitful, when viewed by the angels, appear like serpents and vipers, n . 4533; that such are meant in the Word by "serpents" and "vipers," n. 9013; that "poison" in the Word signifies deceit, n. Arcana Coelestia 9013. Respecting the punishments of those who lie in wait for and deceive others by deceit, n. 831, 957-960, 1273[1]; respecting their hells, n. 830, 831, 947, 4951.)

脚注:

1. The Hebrew has "their," see above n. 328.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.