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Exodus第22章

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1 Når en Mand stjæler en Okse eller et Får og slagter eller sælger dem, skal han give fem Okser i Erstatning for Oksen og fire Får for Fåret.

2 Hvis en Tyv gribes på fersk Gerning ved et natligt Indbrud og bliver slået ihjel, da bliver der ikke Tale om Blodskyld;

3 men hvis Solen er stået op. pådrager man sig Blodskyld. Erstatning skal han give, og ejer han intet, skal han sælges som Træl til Vederlag for det stjålne;

4 hvis derimod det stjålne findes levende i hans Besiddelse, da skal han give dobbelt Erstatning, hvad enten det er en Okse, et Æsel, eller et Får.

5 Når en Mand afsvider en Mark eller en Vingård og lader Ilden brede sig, så den antænder en andens Mark, da skal han give det bedste af sin Mark eller Vingård i Erstatning;

6 men breder Ilden sig ved at tage fat i Tjørnekrat, og Kornneg eller Sæd brænder, eller en Mark svides af, så skal den, der antændte Ilden, give simpel Erstatning.

7 Når en Mand giver en anden Penge eller Sager i Varetægt, og de stjæles fra hans Hus, da skal Tyven, hvis han findes, give dobbelt Erstatning;

8 men hvis Tyven ikke findes, skal Husets Ejer træde frem for Gud og sværge på, at han ikke har forgrebet sig på den andens Gods.

9 I alle Tilfælde hvor det drejer sig om Uredelighed med en Okse, et Æsel, et Får, en Klædning eller en hvilken som helst bortkommen Ting, hvorom der rejses Krav, skal de to Parters Sag bringes frem for Gud, og den, som Gud dømmer skyldig, skal give den anden dobbelt Erstatning.

10 Når en Mand giver en anden et Æsel, en Okse, et Får eller et andet Stykke Kvæg i Varetægt, og Dyret dør, kommer til Skade eller røves, uden at nogen ser det,

11 da skal han sværge ved HE EN på, at han ikke har forgrebet sig på den andens Ejendom, og det skal være afgørende imellem dem; Dyrets Ejer skal tage Eden god, og den anden behøver ikke at give Erstatning.

12 Stjæles det derimod fra ham, skal han give Ejeren Erstatning.

13 Hvis det sønderrives, skal han bringe det sønderrevne Dyr med som Bevis; det sønderrevne skal han ikke erstatte.

14 Når en låner et Dyr af en anden, og det kommer til Skade eller dør, uden at Ejeren er til Stede, skal han give Erstatning;

15 er Ejeren derimod til Stede, skal han ikke give Erstatning; var det lejet, er Lejesummen Erstatning.

16 Når en Mand forfører en Jomfru, der ikke er trolovet, og ligger hos hende, skal han udrede Brudekøbesummen for hende og tage hende til Hustru;

17 og hvis hendes Fader vægrer sig ved at give ham hende, skal han tilveje ham den sædvanlige Brudekøbesum for en Jomfru.

18 En Troldkvinde må du ikke lade leve.

19 Enhver, der har Omgang med Kvæg, skal lide Døden.

20 Den, der ofrer til andre Guder end HE EN alene, skal der lægges Band på.

21 Den fremmede må du ikke undertrykke eller forulempe, thi I var selv fremmede i Ægypten.

22 Enken eller den faderløse må I aldrig mishandle;

23 hvis I mishandler dem, og de råber om Hjælp til mig, vil jeg visselig høre på deres Klageråb,

24 og da vil min Vrede blusse op, og jeg vil slå eder ihjel med Sværdet, så eders egne Hustruer bliver Enker og eders Børn faderløse.

25 Når du låner Penge til en fattig Mand af mit Folk i dit Nabolag, må du ikke optræde som en Ågerkarl over for ham. I må ikke tage enter af ham.

26 Hvis du tager din Næstes Kappe i Pant, skal du give ham den tilbage inden Solnedgang;

27 thi den er det eneste, han har at dække sig med, det er den, han hyller sit Legeme i; hvad skulde han,ellers ligge med? Og når han råber til mig, vil jeg høre ham, thi jeg er barmhjertig.

28 Gud må du ikke spotte, og dit Folks Øvrighed må du ikke forbande.

29 Din Lades Overflod og din Vinperses Saft må du ikke holde tilbage. Den førstefødte af dine Sønner skal du give mig.

30 Ligeså skal du gøre med dit Hornkvæg og dit Småkvæg; i syv Dage skal det blive hos Moderen, men på den ottende Dag skal I give mig det.

31 I skal være mig hellige Mænd; Kød af sønderrevne Dyr må I ikke spise, I skal kaste det for Hundene.

   


The Project Gutenberg Association at Carnegie Mellon University

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#9209

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9209. 'If you lend silver to [My] people, to the needy one with you' means giving instruction to those who have no knowledge of truth and still have a desire to learn it. This is clear from the meaning of 'silver' as truth, dealt with in 1551, 2048, 2954, 5658, 6112, 6914, 6917, 7999, 8932; from the meaning of 'lending' as communicating the good things of heaven in a spirit of charity and affection, dealt with in 9174, thus giving instruction; from the meaning of 'people' as those in possession of truths, in this instance those with no knowledge of truth since the people referred to are 'needy' (for the use of the word 'people' to mean those in possession of truths, see 1259, 1260, 2928, 3295, 3581, 7207); and from the meaning of 'the needy one' as those who have no knowledge of truth and still have a desire to learn it. For they are people in spiritual need and should be given instruction.

[2] The Word talks frequently about aiding the poor and needy. People in possession of external truths who have not yet been brought to internal truths believe that anyone at all in need of any kind of help should be aided, especially beggars who call themselves the poorest of all. Those who give such aid in a spirit of obedience, because they are commanded to act in that way, do well; for through that outward action they are brought to the inward aspect of charity and mercy. The inward aspect of charity and mercy consists in seeing clearly who exactly they are who should receive aid, what their character is, and in what way each is to be given it. Those who are brought eventually to the inward aspect of charity and mercy know that the inward aspect consists in desiring the welfare of and aiding the internal man, thus with gifts such as are beneficial to spiritual life, and that the outward aspect consists in aiding the external man, thus with gifts such as are beneficial to bodily life. But care must nevertheless always be taken to ensure that when aid is given to the external man, it is at the same time beneficial to the internal; for no one who aids the external but harms the internal is exercising charity. Therefore when one kind of aid is offered, the other must be kept in sight.

[3] The outward aspect of charity is what the external or literal sense of the Word describes when it says that aid should be given to the poor and needy, but the inward aspect of charity is what the internal or spiritual sense of the Word describes. For in the spiritual sense the internal man who is in a state of poverty and need and should be aided is meant, because in that sense 'the poor and needy' is used to mean those who lack good and have no knowledge of truth, and still have a desire for them. How these people are to be helped the letter of the Word also teaches, especially the Word taught by the Lord Himself when He was in the world. At that time the Lord revealed such things as have to do with the internal man, as is evident throughout the Gospels. Nevertheless He spoke in such a way that every detail had at the same time an inner meaning, intended for angels and at the same time for those in the internal Church. For the inner meaning contains such things as the authentic teachings of the Church present.

[4] Let what the Lord said to the disciples sent by John the Baptist to ask whether He was the One who must come serve to exemplify this,

Go and report to John the things you have seen and heard, that the blind see, the lame walk, lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the poor have the gospel preached to them. Luke 7:20, 22.

These words were spoken for the external man and at the same time for the internal man. For the external man they declared that such miracles were being performed, for the internal man that the Church is being established among the kind of people who in a spiritual sense are blind, lame, lepers, deaf, and poor, thus among gentiles who have no knowledge of good or truth, and still have a desire for them. For 'the blind' describes those who have no knowledge of truth, 6990; 'the lame' those who are governed by good, but not genuine good because they have no knowledge of truth, 4302; 'lepers' those who are unclean, and still have a desire to be made clean; and 'the deaf' those without any belief in truth because they have no perception of it.

[5] But 'the poor' describes those who do not possess the Word and so know nothing about the Lord, and still have a desire to receive instruction, which is why it says that the gospel is preached to them. By 'the poor and needy' are meant in the internal sense those outside the Church who have no knowledge of truth because they do not possess the Word, but nevertheless have a desire to receive instruction, and who by virtue of what they do know are governed still by a little good; also those within the Church who for one reason or another are ignorant of truth, but are still moved by some good to desire it. All this is clear from places in which 'the poor and needy' are mentioned in the Word, as in David,

I am needy and poor; make haste to me, O God! [You are] my help and my deliverer, O Jehovah. Psalms 70:5.

These words were spoken by David who was not poor and needy, from which it is evident that spiritual poverty and need were meant. Similar words occur elsewhere,

I am needy and poor, O Lord; remember me. [You are] my help and my deliverer. Psalms 40:17.

In the same author,

The king will judge Your people in righteousness, and Your needy ones in judgement. 1 The mountains will bring peace to the people, and the hills, in righteousness. He will judge the needy ones of the people, save the children of the poor, and break in pieces the oppressor. Psalms 72:2-4.

'Needy ones' here are those who are in spiritual need and for that reason are hungry, that is, they have a desire to receive instruction in truths.

[6] In the same author,

Let all my bones say, O Jehovah, who is like You, delivering the needy from him who is too strong for him, and the needy and poor from those who despoil him? Psalms 35:10.

'Bones' are factual knowledge of truth, 8005. 'The needy' here stands for those with little truth, and 'the poor' for those with little good, who are molested by evils and falsities. Because of such molestation 'the needy' in the original language are also 'the afflicted'; for 'being afflicted' means being molested by falsities, 9196. Similarly in the same author,

The wicked lies in wait 2 to catch the needy; he catches the needy and draws him into his net. Psalms 10:9.

In Isaiah,

Is not this the fast, to break bread for the hungry, and to bring into the house needy outcasts? Isaiah 58:6-7.

In the same prophet,

Jehovah has comforted His people, and will have mercy on His needy ones. Isaiah 49:13.

In Zephaniah,

I will leave in your midst a needy and lean people, who hope in the name of Jehovah. Zephaniah 3:12.

In these places 'the needy' are those who have no knowledge of truth and desire to receive instruction.

脚注:

1. The Latin means God will judge His people in righteousness, and His needy ones in judgement but the Hebrew means He [i.e. the king] will judge Your people in righteousness, and Your needy ones in judgement.

2. Following Sebastian Schmidt Swedenborg adds two words here meaning in the tent, but the Hebrew does not support the inclusion of those words.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.