圣经文本

 

Exodus第22章

学习

   

1 Jestliže by kdo ukradl vola aneb dobytče, a zabil by je neb prodal: pět volů navrátí za toho vola, a čtvero dobytčat za to dobytče.

2 (Jestliže by zloděj zastižen byl při podkopávání a ubit jsa, umřel by: ten, kdo ho ranil, nebude vinen smrtí.

3 Pakli by to ve dne učinil, smrtí vinen bude.) Bez prodlévání ať navrátí; pakli nemá co, prodán bude pro zlodějství své.

4 Jestliže nalezena bude v rukou jeho krádež, buď vůl, neb osel, buď dobytče ještě živé, dvénásobně navrátí.

5 Jestliže by kdo spásl pole neb vinici, a vpustil hovado své, aby se páslo na cizím poli: což nejlepšího má na poli svém neb vinici své, tím tu škodu nahradí.

6 Vyšel-li by oheň, a chytilo by se trní, a shořel by stoh neb stojaté obilí neb pole: nahradí ten, kdož zapálil, to, což shořelo.

7 Kdyby někdo dal schovati bližnímu svému peníze neb nádoby, a bylo by ukradeno z domu muže toho, jestliže nalezen bude zloděj, dvojnásobně navrátí.

8 Pakli nebude zloděj nalezen, tedy postaven bude pán domu toho před soudce, a přisáhne, že nevztáhl ruky své na věc bližního svého.

9 O všelijakou věc, o niž by byla nesnáz, buď o vola neb osla, dobytče neb roucho, pro všelikou věc ztracenou, když by kdo pravil, že to jest: před soudce přijde pře obou dvou; ten, kohož oni vinného usoudí, dvojnásobně navrátí bližnímu svému.

10 Jestliže by kdo dal bližnímu svému k chování osla neb vola, neb dobytče a jakékoli hovado, a umřelo by neb ochromělo, neb zajato bylo, že žádný neviděl:

11 Přísaha Hospodinova vkročí mezi oba, že nevztáhl ruky své k věci bližního svého; a přijme jej v tom pán věci té, a onen nebude povinen navraceti.

12 Pakli by krádeží vzato bylo od něho, navrátiti zase má pánu jeho.

13 Pakli by udáveno bylo, postaví svědka a nebude povinen upláceti toho, což udáveno jest.

14 Kdyby pak někdo vypůjčil něčeho od bližního svého, a ochromělo by aneb umřelo v nepřítomnosti pána jeho, bez výmluvy navrátí zase.

15 Pakli by pán jeho byl s ním, není povinen platiti, poněvadž bylo za peníze najaté, a přišlo za mzdu svou.

16 Jestliže by kdo namluvil pannu, kteráž není zasnoubena, a spal by s ní: dáť jí věno, a vezme ji sobě za manželku.

17 Pakli by otec její nikoli nechtěl jí dáti jemu, odváží stříbra podlé obyčeje věna panenského.

18 Čarodějnici nedáš živu býti.

19 Kdo by koli scházel se s hovadem, smrtí ať umře.

20 Kdo by obětoval bohům, kromě samému Hospodinu, jako proklatý vyhlazen bude.

21 Příchozímu neučiníš křivdy, aniž utiskneš ho; nebo příchozí byli jste v zemi Egyptské.

22 Žádné vdovy neb sirotka trápiti nebudete.

23 Pakli bez lítosti trápiti je budete, a oni by volali ke mně, vězte, že vyslyším křik jejich.

24 A rozhněvá se prchlivost má, i zbiji vás mečem; a budou ženy vaše vdovy a děti vaši sirotci.

25 Půjčíš-li peněz lidu mému chudému, kterýž jest s tebou: nebudeš jemu jako lichevník, aniž ho lichvou obtížíš.

26 Pakli v základu vezmeš roucho bližního svého, do západu slunce jemu je navrátíš.

27 Nebo ten jediný má oděv, to jest roucho, jímž přikrývá tělo své, a na němž spí. Když bude volati ke mně, tedy uslyším, nebo jsem milosrdný.

28 Soudcům nebudeš utrhati, a knížeti lidu svého zlořečiti nebudeš.

29 Z hojnosti obilí, a tekutých věcí svých neobmeškáš prvotin obětovati. Prvorozeného z synů svých mně dáš.

30 Tak učiníš s volem svým a s dobytkem svým: Sedm dní bude s matkou svou, dne pak osmého mně je dáš.

31 Lid svatý budete mi, a nebudete jísti masa z udáveného na poli; psu je vržete.

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#9231

学习本章节

  
/10837  
  

9231. 'You shall throw it to the dogs' means that these things are unclean. This is clear from the meaning of 'dogs' as those who render the good of faith unclean by means of falsifications. For all beasts in the Word mean the affections and inclinations such as exist with a human being; gentle and useful beasts mean good affections and inclinations, but fierce and useless ones mean bad affections and inclinations. The reason why such things are meant by beasts is that the external or natural man is endowed with affections and inclinations similar to those that beasts possess, and also with similar appetites and similar senses. But the difference is that the human being has within himself what is called the internal man. And the internal man is so distinct and separate from the external that it can see things that arise in the external, rule them, and control them. The internal man can also be raised to heaven, even up to the Lord, and so be joined to Him in thought and affection, consequently in faith and love. Furthermore the internal man is so distinct and separate that it is parted from the external after death and lives on for evermore. These characteristics mark the human being off from beasts. But they are not seen by people who look at things on merely the natural level and the level of the senses; for their internal man is closed towards heaven. They draw no distinction therefore between the human being and a beast other than this, that the human being has the ability to speak; and even this is considered to be of little importance by those seeing things on merely the level of the senses.

[2] The reason why 'dogs' means those who render the good of faith unclean by means of falsifications is that dogs eat unclean things, and also yap and bite people. This also explains why nations outside the Church who were steeped in falsities arising from evil were called dogs by the Jews and considered to be utterly worthless. The fact that they were called 'dogs' is evident from the Lord's words addressed to the woman who was a Greek, a Syro-Phoenician, whose daughter was troubled grievously by a demon,

It is not good to take the children's bread and throw it to the dogs. But she said, To be sure, Lord, but even the dogs eat from the crumbs which fall from their masters' table. Matthew 15:26-27; Mark 7:26-28.

Here it is self-evident that those outside the Church are meant by 'the dogs', and those within the Church by 'the children'.

[3] Similarly in Luke,

There was a certain rich man (homo) who was clothed in purple and fine linen and indulged himself splendidly every day. But there was a poor one whose name was Lazarus, who was laid at his gate, full of sores, and desiring to be filled with the crumbs falling from the rich one's table. Furthermore the dogs came and licked his sores. Luke 16:19-21.

'The rich one clothed in purple and fine linen' means those within the Church, 'the purple and fine linen' with which he was clothed being cognitions or knowledge of goodness and truth that come from the Word. 'A poor one' means those within the Church with whom there is little good because they have no knowledge of truth, but who nevertheless have had a desire to receive instruction, 9209. He was referred to as Lazarus after the Lazarus whom the Lord raised from the dead, about whom it says that the Lord loved him, John 11:1-3, 36; that he was His friend, John 11:11; and that he sat at the table with the Lord, John 12:2. 'His wish to be filled with the crumbs falling from the rich one's table' meant his desire to learn a few truths from those within the Church possessing them in abundance. 'The dogs that licked his sores' are those outside the Church who are governed by good, though not the authentic good of faith; 'licking the sores' is curing them as best they can.

[4] In John,

Outside are dogs, sorcerers, and fornicators. Revelation 22:15.

'Dogs, sorcerers, and fornicators' stands for those who falsify the good and truth of faith. They are said 'to be outside' when they are outside heaven or the Church. The fact that good which has been falsified, and so made unclean, is meant by 'the dogs' is also evident in Matthew,

Do not give what is holy to the dogs; do not cast your pearls before swine. Matthew 7:6.

In Moses,

You shall not bring a harlot's reward, or the price of a dog, into Jehovah's house for any vowed offering, because both are an abomination to your God. Deuteronomy 23:18.

'A harlot's reward' stands for falsified truths of faith, 'the price of a dog' for falsified forms of the good of faith. For the meaning of 'whoredom' as falsification of the truth of faith, see 2466, 2729, 4865, 8904.

[5] In David,

Dogs have surrounded me, the assembly of the wicked has encompassed me, piercing my hands and my feet. Deliver my soul from the sword, my only one from the power 1 of the dog. Psalms 22:16, 20.

'Dogs' here stands for those who destroy forms of the good of faith, who are therefore called 'the assembly of the wicked'. 'Delivering one's soul from the sword' means rescuing it from falsity that lays waste the truth of faith, 'the sword' being the falsity that lays waste the truth of faith, see 2799, 4499, 6353, 7102, 8294, and 'soul' the life of faith, 9050. From this it is also evident that 'delivering my only soul from the power of the dog' means rescuing it from falsity that lays waste the good of faith. When it was said that people were to be dragged and eaten by dogs, 1 Kings 14:11; 16:4; 21:23-24; 2 Kings 9:10, 36; Jeremiah 15:3, the meaning was that they would be destroyed by unclean things. When people compared themselves to dead dogs, 1 Samuel 24:14; 2 Samuel 3:8; 9:8; 16:9, the meaning was that they would be considered utterly worthless ones who were to be cast out. What more is meant by 'dogs', see 7784.

脚注:

1. literally, hand

  
/10837  
  

Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.