Commentaar

 

Een kerk is geen gebouw

Door New Christian Bible Study Staff, John Odhner (machine vertaald in Nederlands)

Ásólfsskálakirkja in Iceland.

Het concept van een "kerk" in de Schriften is zowel complex als prachtig organisch, verbonden met de leer over de aard van de Heer en de daaruit voortvloeiende aard van de mensheid.

De Schriften zeggen dat de Heer in zijn essentie - zijn eigenlijke inhoud - volmaakte, oneindige liefde is, een liefde die de schepping heeft aangedreven, die de ultieme bron van de werkelijkheid is, en die de werkelijkheid voortdurend in stand houdt. Die liefde wordt uitgedrukt in vorm als volmaakte, oneindige wijsheid, die vorm gaf aan de schepping en vorm gaf aan de werkelijkheid.

Diepgaand spul! Daarover kun je elders meer lezen, maar waar het hier om gaat is dat de hele schepping, van de kleinste elementen tot het hele universum, dezelfde structuur weerspiegelt. Het is aanwezig in de natuur zelf, aangedreven door de warmte (liefde) en het licht (wijsheid) van de zon. Het is aanwezig in de essentiële vormen van leven, met planten (die geworteld zijn; die weinig veranderen; die ongevoelig zijn; die worden aangedreven door licht) die elementen van wijsheid en dieren (warm, voelend, mobiel, steeds wisselend, aangedreven door warmte) die vormen van liefde vertegenwoordigen. Het is aanwezig in de bijna-universele verdeling in mannelijke (wijsheid) en vrouwelijke (liefde) aspecten van zowel planten als dieren.

Die structuur zit ook in ieder van ons. In gemeenschappelijke taal zouden we dit ons hart en onze geest kunnen noemen - wat we willen en wat we denken. De Schriften spreken vaak over hen als goed (liefde; wat we in ons hart willen) en waarheid (wijsheid; wat we in onze geest weten) of als wil (hart) en begrip (geest). Deze elementen definiëren ons niet alleen, ze zijn ook de sleutel tot ons spirituele lot. We kunnen ze gebruiken om de liefde van de Heer te aanvaarden, in het belang van het leven te komen en uiteindelijk naar de hemel te gaan. We kunnen ze ook gebruiken om de liefde van de Heer te verwerpen en naar de hel te draven.

En er zijn nog meer lagen. De Schriften zeggen dat alle menselijke samenlevingen in menselijke vorm zijn, met functies die analoog zijn aan het menselijk lichaam. Dit geldt voor kleine groepen zoals gezinnen, grote bedrijven, hele naties en uiteindelijk zowel de hele mensheid in deze wereld als de hele hemel in de volgende.

Tot de belangrijkste menselijke samenlevingen behoren natuurlijk de kerken. Aangezien het concept van een "kerk" echter gebaseerd is op de menselijke vorm, kunnen kerken zoals bedoeld in de Schriften vele vormen aannemen. Aan het ene uiteinde van de schaal is iedere persoon die ware ideeën heeft over goed en kwaad en daarnaar leeft, zelf een kerk. Aan de andere kant van de schaal vormen alle mensen in de hele wereld die in de liefde voor de naaste geloven - en vanuit dat geloof handelen - samen één kerk.

Veel andere varianten liggen tussen deze twee uitersten, maar de meeste verwijzingen naar "kerk" in de Schriften betekenen de gemeenschap van degenen die het Woord hebben, de Heer kennen en zijn geboden volgen. Deze mensen hebben toegang tot de best mogelijke waarheid en het diepst mogelijke begrip over de aard van de Heer en wat Hij van ons wil.

Zo'n kerk speelt een vitale rol: De Heer werkt erdoorheen om ideeën te krijgen over het goed zijn in de geest van mensen en het verlangen om goed te zijn in de innerlijke uitsparingen van hun hart, en reikt ver voorbij die kerk zelf om iedereen in de wereld te raken. In feite zeggen de Schriften dat er in wezen een huwelijk is tussen de Heer en de kerk, met de kerk in de rol van de bruid en de vrouw, die ware ideeën en goede verlangens voortbrengt zoals een vrouw kinderen voortbrengt.

Om deze functie te beschermen heeft de Heer ervoor gezorgd dat er door de geschiedenis heen (en in de prehistorie) altijd een kerk is geweest die deze rol heeft vervuld.

De eerste daarvan was de Meest Oude Kerk, vertegenwoordigd door Adam; deze werd geïnspireerd door de liefde van de Heer. De tweede was de Oude Kerk, vertegenwoordigd door Noach; deze werd geïnspireerd door de liefde voor de naaste en de kennis van de Heer. De derde was de Israëlitische kerk, die geen innerlijke liefde voor het goede had, maar de ideeën van de Heer bewaarde. De vierde was de primitieve christelijke kerk, die een nieuw, meer direct begrip had op basis van de leer van de Heer. De vijfde, volgens de Schriften, moet gebaseerd zijn op het diepere begrip dat door de Schriften en hun uitleg van de Bijbel wordt geboden.

Er is nog veel meer te zeggen, maar we zullen nog één ander punt benadrukken:

Wij als individuen zijn wie we zijn gebaseerd op wat we liefhebben, niet op wat we weten. We gaan naar de hemel of naar de hel op basis van wat we liefhebben, niet wat we weten. Weten, denken en zoeken naar de waarheid zijn belangrijke dingen, maar hun doel is om onze liefdes te vormen, te begeleiden en te dienen; de liefde is uiteindelijk waar het om gaat. De Schriftteksten maken duidelijk dat dit ook geldt voor de kerken: Ze zijn uiteindelijk gebaseerd op liefde, niet op kennis, op hun vastberadenheid om de naaste te dienen, niet op hun uiterlijke vormen van aanbidding. En als kerken dat gemeenschappelijke doel van het dienen van de naaste delen, dan zijn ze in wezen één, met doctrinaire variaties die van weinig belang zijn.

(Referenties: De Apocalyps Onthuld 533; Hemelse Verborgenheden 407, 768, 1799 [3-4], 2048, 2853 [2-3], 2910, 2982, 3310, 3773, 3963 [2], 4292, 4672, 4723, 5826 [2-3], 6637, 6648, 8152, 9256 [4-5], 9276 [2]; Echtelijke Liefde 116; Hemel En Hel 57; Over Het Woord 8; de Leer over de Gewijde Schrift 99, 104)

Van Swedenborgs Werken

 

Arcana Coelestia #9276

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9276. 'And whatever is left by them let the wild animal of the field eat' means being joined through them to those immersed in the delights that go with external truth. This is clear from the meaning of 'whatever is left by them', that is to say, by 'the needy of the people', as that which is left and so remains after them, but at this point that which is received through them since the subject is the Church's being joined to those who possess few truths, and also here being joined to those immersed in the delights that go with external truth (the Church is joined to the latter through the former, as will be seen below); from the meaning of 'eating' as communicating and being joined together, dealt with immediately above in 9275; and from the meaning of 'the wild animal of the field' as those immersed in the delights that go with external truth. For in the Word affections for truth and good are meant by 'beasts', affections for internal truth and good being meant by 'beasts belonging to the flock', and affections for external truth and good being meant by 'beasts belonging to the herd'. But 'wild animals' are the kinds of affections that are drawn towards most external truth; for these affections compared with internal ones are 'wild animals', since they are the affections that belong to the level of the senses, and are called lowly pleasures and delights. They are delights that go with truth and not so much with good, the reason for this being that the senses, which are in direct contact with the world through the body, derive scarcely anything from spiritual good; for bodily and worldly kinds of love reside especially on the sensory level.

Affections for truth and good are meant in the Word by 'beasts', see 45, 46, 142, 143, 246, 714, 715, 719, 776, 1823, 2180, 2781, 3218, 3519, 5198, 9090.

Affections for internal truth and good are meant by 'beasts belonging to the flock', and affections for external truth and good by 'beasts belonging to the herd', 5913, 8937, 9135.

The senses are in contact with the world, being the most external powers of the mind, 4009, 5077, 5089, 5094, 5125, 5128, 5767, 6183, 6201, 6310, 6311, 6313, 6315, 6318, 6564, 6598, 6612, 6614, 6622, 6624, 6844, 6845, 6948, 6949, 7442, 7693, 9212, 9216.

From all that is shown in these places one can see what the sensory level of a person's mind compared with more internal levels is like, namely like a wild animal.

[2] The present verse deals in the internal sense with those who are governed by the good of charity, then with those who possess few truths and still have a desire to receive instruction, and after that with those who are immersed in the delights that go with external truth. These three groups of people constitute the Church. Those governed by the good of charity constitute the internal part of the Church, whereas those who possess few truths and still wish to receive instruction, thus who derive from good an affection for truth, constitute the external part of the Church. But those immersed in the delights that go with external truth are the most external; they so to speak form the perimeter and enclose the Church.

[3] Heaven is joined to the human race, that is, the Lord coming by way of heaven is joined to it, through those who are governed by the good of charity, thus through the good of charity since the Lord is present within that good. For essentially that good is the Lord, because it emanates from Him. Through that good the Lord joins Himself to those who have an affection for truth; for the affection for truth is derived from good, and good emanates from the Lord, as has been stated. Through these people in turn the Lord is present with those immersed in the delights that go with external truth; for their delights spring for the most part from self-love and love of the world and derive little at all from spiritual good. Such is the manner in which heaven makes contact with people, that is, such is the manner in which the Lord coming by way of heaven makes contact with them; such therefore is the manner in which He is joined to them.

[4] That such is the manner in which the Lord makes contact with and is joined to the human race is clear from the consideration that the manner in which influx takes place with every member of the Church is such. The expression 'member of the Church' is used to mean one who is governed by the good of charity and consequently by the truths of faith received from the Lord; for charity from which faith springs is the Church itself present with a person, since charity and faith come from the Lord. The Lord flows into that good, which is the internal level of a person, then through that good into the affection for truth, which is his external level, and on through that affection into the delights that go with external truth, which are present on the most external levels.

[5] What applies to the individual member of the Church also applies to the Church as a whole, that is, to all collectively who constitute the Lord's Church. The reason why this should be so is that in the Lord's eyes the entire Church is like a human being; for the Lord's heaven, with which the Church acts as one, is in His eyes seen as one total human being, as becomes clear from what has been shown regarding heaven as the Grand Man at the ends of a number of the chapters explaining Genesis. This being so with the Church, the same is so with the individual member of the Church; for the individual member of the Church is a miniature heaven, Church, and Lord's kingdom.

[6] The Church also resembles an actual human being in this respect, that a person has two fountains of life, namely The Heart and The Lungs. It is well known that when human life begins the first part to develop is the heart and that the second is the lungs, and that from these two as fountains of life every other part of the body receives life. The heart of the Grand Man, that is, of heaven and the Church, is composed of those who are governed by love to the Lord and love towards the neighbour, and so, considered without reference to persons, consists in love of the Lord and love of the neighbour. But the lungs in the Grand Man, or heaven and the Church, are composed of those who are governed by charity towards the neighbour, which comes from the Lord, and from this by faith, and so, considered without reference to persons, consists in charity and faith coming from the Lord. The remaining organs and members in the Grand Man however are composed of those who are governed by external forms of good and external truths, and so, considered without reference to persons, consist in external forms of good and external truths, by means of which internal truths and forms of good can be brought in. Just as the heart, then, flows first into the lungs, and subsequently from itself through these into the organs and members of the body, so too the Lord flows through the good of love into internal truths, and through these into external truths and forms of good.

[7] From all this it may be seen that the existence of the Church on earth is absolutely vital, and that without the Church the human race would perish; for it would be like a person at the time of death, when the lungs and heart stop working. For this reason the Lord sees to it that there always exists on earth a Church in which the Lord has made Himself known through Divine Truth received from Him, such Divine Truth on our planet being the Word. Scarcely anyone at the present day believes that this is so, because no one believes that human life comes wholly from the Lord by way of heaven. For it is supposed that life exists innately in a person and can continue to do so without connection with heaven, that is, with the Lord through heaven. But that supposition is utterly false.

[8] All this now shows how to understand the idea of being joined through the good of charity to those who possess few truths and still have a desire to receive instruction, and being joined through them to those immersed in the delights that go with external truth, meant by the law about letting the land rest and letting it lie fallow in the seventh year, when the needy of their people would eat, and whatever was left by these the wild animal of the field would eat. But see what has been shown already regarding matters that are mentioned above:

In the Lord's eyes heaven is seen as one total human being and for this reason heaven is called the Grand Man, 1276, 2996, 2998, 3624-3649, 3741-3751, 4218-4228.

[9] The same applies to the Lord's Church, for the Lord's kingdom on earth is the Church, which acts as one with the Lord's kingdom in heaven, 4060, 7396, 9216.

The individual member of the Church has heaven and the Church within him, 1900, 1902, 3624-3631, 3634, 3884, 4292, 4523, 4524, 4625, 6013, 6057.

Those who are governed by love to the Lord and love towards the neighbour constitute the province of the heart in the Grand Man, and those who are governed by charity and from this by faith coming from the Lord constitute the province of the lungs, 3635, 3883-3896.

Human life flows in wholly from the Lord by way of heaven, 2536, 2706, 2886-2889, 2893, 3001, 3318, 3484, 3742, 3743, 4151, 5846, 5850, 5986, 6053-6058, 6189-6215, 6307-6327, 6466-6495, 6598-6626, 6982, 6985, 6996, 7004, 7055, 7056, 7058, 7147, 7270, 7343, 8321, 8685, 8701, 8717, 8728, 9110, 9111, 9216.

Heaven exists in connection with mankind, 9216.

Without the Church on earth the human race would perish, 468, 637, 2853, 4545.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.