9389. “按以色列十二支派, 立十二根柱子” 表在完全和彻底源于祂的神之真理方面的主之神性人身的一个代表. 这从 “柱子”,

“十二” 和 “十二支派” 的含义清楚可知:

“柱子” 是真理方面的主之神性人身的一个代表.

“柱子” 具有这种含义的原因是,

“祭坛” 表示良善方面的主之神性人身的一个代表,

“柱子” 在代表意义上表示来自主的真理之圣洁 (参看4580, 4582节);

“十二” 和 “十二支派” 是指指整体上的一切真理和良善 (577, 2089, 3858, 3913, 3926, 3939, 4060, 6335, 6337, 6397, 6640, 7973节), 因而是指源于主的一切.

“祭坛” 和 “柱子” 之所以表示主的神性人身, 是因为就至高意义而言, 圣言中所论述的教会的一切代表都与主自己有关. 正因如此, 就其至内或至高意义而言, 圣言唯独论述主, 尤其论述祂人身的荣耀. 圣言的一切圣洁由此而来. 不过, 这至高意义主要出现在至内层或第三层天堂, 就是那些处于对主之爱, 由此比所有人都更有智慧的人所在的地方.

12. The Word has been written through correspondences, and thus through representative ideas

The Word as regards its literal sense has been written through correspondences alone, and thus through such things as represent and signify the spiritual aspects of heaven and the Church: 1404, 1408-1409, 1540, 1619, 1659, 1709, 1783, 2179, 2763, 2899. This was done because of the internal sense in each particular instance: 2899; thus too for the sake of heaven, since those who are in heaven do not understand the Word according to its literal or natural sense but according to its internal, or spiritual sense: 2899. The Lord spoke through correspondences, through representative and signifying ideas, because He spoke from His divine being: 9049, 9063, 9086, 10126, 10276. The Lord thus spoke directly to the world and at the same time to heaven: 2533, 4807, 9049, 9063, 9086. Whatever the Lord spoke filled the whole of heaven: ¹ 4637. The historical narratives of the Word are representative, and their actual words have significances: 1540, 1659, 1709, 1783, 2686. The Word could not have been written in any other style for there to be communication through it with heaven: 2899, 6943, 9401. Those who treat the Word with contempt because of its simple and seemingly uncultivated style, and think that they would accept it if it had been written in a different style, are greatly mistaken: 8783. Also, the manner and style of writing of the most ancient authors was through correspondences and representative ideas: 605, 1756, 9942. I found through my own experience that the wise men of ancient times were delighted by the Word, because they found there representative and significant ideas: 2592-2593. If someone of the most ancient Church had read the Word, he would have seen clearly those things which are in the internal sense and obscurely those things in the external sense: 4493. The sons of Jacob were brought down into the land of Canaan because all places in that land were from very ancient times made representative: 1585, 3686, 4447, 5136, 6516; and so that the Word might be written there, where places were to be named because of their internal meaning: 3686, 4447, 5136, 6516. But in fact the Word in its external sense was altered on account of that people, though not as regards its internal sense: 10453, 10461, 10603-10604. Many passages from the Word are quoted about that nation, which must however be understood according to their internal sense-that is, other than according to the literal sense: 7051. Since that nation represented the Church, and because the Word was written among and about that nation, therefore heavenly ideas were signified by their names, for example Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Ephraim, Joseph and the rest; and by Judah in the internal sense is signified the Lord as regards celestial love, and His heavenly kingdom: 3654, 3881, 5583, 5782, 6362-6381.

So that it may be known what are the correspondences and their nature, and what is the nature of the representations in the Word, something will also be said about those. All things which correspond also represent and then signify something, such that correspondences and representations go together as one: 2896, 2899, 2973, 2987, 2989-2990, 3002, 3225. What those correspondences and representations are, from my own experience and examples: 2763, 2987-3002, 3213-3226, 3337-3352, 3472-3485, 4218-4228, 9280. The knowledge of correspondences and representations was the most important field of knowledge among the ancients: 3021, 3419, 4280, 4749, 4844, 4964, 4966, 6004, 7729, 10252; especially among people in eastern parts: 5702, 6692, 7097, 7779, 9391, 10252, 10407; in Egypt more than other places: 5702, 6692, 7097, 7779, 9391, 10407; even among the Gentiles, for example in Greece and elsewhere: 2762, 7729. But today it is among the lost fields of knowledge, especially in Europe: 2894-2895, 2995, 3630, 3632, 3747-3749, 4581, 4966, 10252. But always that type of knowledge is more important than all others, since without it the Word is not understood; nor are the rites of the Jewish Church which are written about in the Word; nor is it known what the nature of heaven is, nor is it known what that which is spiritual is, nor how it happens that there is an inflowing of the spiritual into the natural, nor how there is an inflowing of the soul into the body, and many other things: 4280, and in passages cited above. All things which appear among spirits and angels are representative in accord with correspondences: 1971, 3213-3226, 3475, 3485, 9457, 9481, 9576-9577. Heaven is full of representations: 1521, 1532, 1619. Representations are more beautiful and perfect the more interior they are in heaven: 3475. Representations there are real appearances since they come from the light of heaven, which is the divine truth; and this itself is the essential part of all things that are in existence: 3485.

The reason why every single thing in the spiritual world is represented in the natural world is that what is internal clothes itself as appropriate in what is its external guise, through which it presents itself visibly, and becomes apparent: 6275, 6284, 6299. Thus, an end clothes itself in suitable guises in order to present itself as a cause in a lower sphere, and then as an effect in a still lower sphere; and when an end passes by way of a cause into an effect, it presents itself visibly, or becomes apparent right before the eyes: 5711.

This is illustrated by the inflowing of the soul into the body: namely, the soul is clothed with such things in the body through which everything it thinks and wishes can present itself and become apparent visibly; therefore when thought flows down into the body it is represented by such gestures and actions as correspond to it: 2988. Quite clearly the feelings of the mind are represented in the face by its various expressions, to such an extent that they are seen there: 4791-4805, 5695. From this it is plain that in every single thing within the natural order there lies hidden deep inside a cause and an end from the spiritual world: 3562, 5711 since things which are in the natural order are final effects, within which are prior causes: 4240, 4939, 5651, 6275, 6284, 6299, 9216. Whatever is internal is that which is represented, and what is external that which serves to represent it: 4292.

What correspondences and representations are may be further seen in the work Heaven and Hell, where the correspondence of all things of heaven with all human things is dealt with: 87-102; the correspondence of heaven with all things of earth: 103-115; and representations and appearances in heaven: 170-176.

Since all things in the natural order are representative of spiritual and celestial realities, in ancient times there were churches in which all the external observances or rituals were representative: 519, 521, 2896. The Church was set up among the children of Israel as a representative church: 1003, 2179, 10149. There all the rituals were external forms representing the internal things of heaven and the Church: 4288, 4874. The representative things of the Church and worship ceased when the Lord came into the world and manifested Himself, because the Lord revealed the internal things of the Church, and all things of that Church, in a supreme sense, had regard to Him: 4835.

V:

2180. “牵了一只又嫩又好的牛犊来” 表理性给自己所取的适合的属天-属世之物, 为的是它可以将自己与来自神性的直觉结合起来. 这从圣言中 “小公牛” 或 “牛犊” 的含义清楚可知, “小公牛” 或 “牛犊” 是指属世良善. 由于此处论述的是主的理性, 故它因属天-属灵之物或善之真而被称为 “嫩”, 因属天之物本身或良善本身而被称为 “好”. 真正的理性中既有对真理的情感, 也有对良善的情感; 但它的首要事物是对真理的情感, 如前所示 (2072节). 这解释了为何此处先提及 “嫩”, 后提及 “好”. 然而, 按照圣言中的惯例, 它被称为 “又嫩又好”, 以表明善与真的婚姻 (如前所述,2173节).

“小公牛” 或 “牛犊” 表属天-属世之物, 或也可说, 表属世良善. 这一点尤其从祭物明显看出来, 祭物是希伯来教会, 以及后来犹太教会敬拜的主要代表. “小公牛” 或 “牛犊” 表属天-属世之物, 或也可说, 表属世良善. 这一点尤其从祭物明显看出来, 他们的祭物要么取自牛群, 要么取自羊群, 因而取自各种洁净的动物, 如公牛, 小公牛, 公山羊, 绵羊, 公绵羊, 母山羊, 小山羊和羔羊, 此外还有斑鸠和雏鸽. 所有这些动物都表示敬拜的内在事物, 即属天和属灵之物 (2165, 2177节). 取自牛群的动物表属天-属世之物, 而取自羊群的动物则表属天-理性之物. 由于属世之物和理性之物越来越内在, 并且各种各样, 故献祭时才会用到这么多种类的动物. 这一事实也可从经上规定在献燔祭和各种祭物时当用哪种动物明显看出来, 如日常的祭物, 安息日和节日所献的祭物, 甘心祭, 感恩祭, 还愿祭, 赎愆祭, 赎罪祭, 以及净化, 清洁和就职典礼中所用的祭物. 经上明确提到在每种祭祀中要用哪种动物, 以及用多少. 若非每一种都具有某种特定意义, 这是不可能的. 这一点从论述这些祭物的经文很清楚地看出来 (如出埃及记 29; 利未记 1, 3, 4, 9, 16, 23; 民数记 7-8, 15, 民数记 29). 不过, 此处不宜解释每一种表示什么. 先知书的情形也一样, 那里提到了这些动物, 通过它们明显可知 “小公牛” 表属天-属世之物.

所表示的不是别的, 正是天堂事物. 这也可从以西结所看到的基路伯, 以及约翰所看到宝座前的活物明显看出来. 关于基路伯, 该先知说:

至于脸的形像: 前面各有人的脸, 四个右面各有狮子的脸, 四个左面各有牛的脸, 四个后面各有鹰的脸. (以西结书 1:10)

关于宝座前的四活物, 约翰说:

宝座周围有四个活物: 第一个活物像狮子, 第二个像牛犊, 第三个脸面像人, 第四个像飞鹰. 他们说, 圣哉, 圣哉, 圣哉, 主神全能者, 昔在, 今在, 以后永在. (启示录 4:7, 8)

谁都能看出, 基路伯和这些动物, 以及祭祀用的公牛和小公牛代表圣物. 这同样适用于摩西关于约瑟的预言:

愿这些福都归于约瑟的头上, 那与弟兄迥别的拿撒勒人的头顶上. 他为牛群中头生的, 有威严; 他的角是野牛的角, 用来抵触万民, 直到地极. (申命记 33:16, 17)

没有人理解这些话, 除非他知道就内义而言, 牛, 野牛, 牛角和其它事物表示什么.

至于一般的祭祀, 它们的确通过摩西被规定给以色列人. 但是, 洪水前的上古教会根本不知道什么祭祀, 他们从没想到以宰杀动物来敬拜主. 洪水后的古教会同样不知道祭祀, 诚然, 古教会存在代表物, 但那不是祭物. 事实上, 首次引入祭祀的是随后的教会, 也就是所谓的希伯来教会, 并由此传到外邦民族, 甚至传到亚伯拉罕, 以撒, 雅各, 以及雅各的后代那里. 外邦民族有祭祀敬拜, 这一事实早已说明 (1343节); 雅各的后代在出埃及前也有这种敬拜, 因而在祭祀前由摩西率领来到西乃山上, 这一事实从出埃及记 (5:3; 10:25, 27; 18:12; 24:4-5), 尤其从他们在金牛犊面前进行偶像崇拜明显看出来.

对此, 摩西五经是这样描述的:

亚伦就在牛犊面前筑坛, 且宣告说, 明日要向耶和华守节. 次日清早, 百姓起来献燔祭和平安祭, 就坐下吃喝, 起来玩耍. (出埃及记 32:5, 6)

这事发生时, 摩西还在西乃山上, 因而发生在关于祭坛和献祭的条例降临到他们那里之前. 条例降临到他们那里, 是因为他们的祭祀敬拜已变成偶像崇拜, 与外邦人无异, 并且他们无法从这种敬拜中退出, 因为他们视其为主要圣物. 一旦小时候植入在人里面的某种事物被视为神圣, 尤其是从父亲那里接受的, 从而扎根下来, 只要它不违反秩序本身, 主从不破碎它, 而是将它折过来. 这就是为何经上规定祭祀体系要按照摩西五经上所描述的方式确立的原因.

祭祀绝不蒙耶和华悦纳, 因而仅仅是为了上述原因而被允许和容忍, 这从先知书非常明显地看出来, 如我们在耶利米书中所读到的:

万军之耶和华以色列的神如此说: 你们将燔祭加在你们的祭物上, 吃肉吧! 因为我将你们列祖从埃及地领出来的那日, 燔祭和祭物的事我并没有提说, 也没有吩咐他们. 我只吩咐他们这一件说: 你们当听从我的声音, 我就作你们的神. (耶利米书 7:21-23)

诗篇:

耶和华啊, 祭物和供物, 你不喜悦, 燔祭和赎罪祭非你所要. 我的神啊, 我乐意照你的旨意行. (诗篇 40:6, 8)

又:

你本不喜爱祭物, 若喜爱, 我就献上; 燔祭你也不喜悦. 神所要的祭, 就是痛悔的灵. (诗篇 51:16, 17)

又:

我不从你家中取公牛, 也不从你圈内取公山羊. 你们要以忏悔为祭献与神. (诗篇 50:9, 13-14; 107:21-22; 116:17; 申命记 23:19)

何西阿书:

我喜爱怜恤, 不喜爱祭祀; 喜爱认识神, 胜于燔祭! (何西阿书 6:6)

撒母耳对扫罗说:

耶和华岂会喜悦燔祭和平安祭? 看哪, 听命胜于献祭; 顺从胜于公羊的脂油. (撒母耳记上 15:22)

弥迦书:

我朝见耶和华, 在至高神面前跪拜, 难道我朝见他, 要带着燔祭, 带着一岁的牛犊么? 耶和华岂喜悦千千的公羊, 或是万万的油河吗? 世人哪, 耶和华已指示你何为善, 耶和华向你所要的是什么呢? 只要你行公义, 好怜悯, 存谦卑的心, 与你的神同行. (弥迦书 6:6-8)

由上述经文明显可知, 祭祀不是被要求的, 而是被允许的; 还可知在祭祀中所要关注的是内在之物, 而不是别的; 蒙悦纳的是内在之物, 而非外在之物. 也因此缘故, 主废除了它们, 这也是但以理在提及主到来时以下面这些话所预言的:

一七之半, 祂必使祭祀与供献止息. (但以理书 9:27)

此处论述的是主的到来 (关于祭祀的说明, 可参看第一卷,922-923, 1128, 1823节). 至于亚伯拉罕为这三人所预备的 “牛犊”, 其含义和用于祭祀的牛犊一样. 它具有类似含义, 这也可从他吩咐撒拉取三斗细面饭明显看出来. 关于和公牛一同献上的细面, 我们在摩西五经中读到 (当他们将要进入那地时提到):

你预备公牛作燔祭或祭物, 为要还特许的愿或是作平安祭献给耶和华, 就要把细面伊法十分之三并油半欣, 调和作素祭, 和公牛一同献上. (民数记 15:8, 9)

此处同样出现数字 “三”, 只是此处献上 “十分之三”, 而亚伯拉罕吩咐撒拉的是 “三斗”. 不过, 与公绵羊一起只能献上十分之二, 与羔羊一起只能献上十分之一 (民数记 15:4-6).