주석

 

성경에서는 누가 구원받는다고 할까요?

작가: John Odhner (기계 번역 한국어)

Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro, aerial view

사람들은 다른 사람에 대해 부정적인 판단을 내리는 일반적인 경향이 있습니다. 고등학교에서는 이러한 경향이 파벌에서 나타납니다. 인기 있는 몇몇 아이들이 한 그룹에 들어가면 점차 자신들이 더 좋아하기 때문에 다른 아이들보다 낫다고 생각하기 시작합니다. '끼지 못한' 아이들은 동정이나 경멸의 대상이 되거나 심지어 잔인한 농담의 대상이 될 수도 있습니다. 어떤 식으로든 파벌은 다른 사람들을 하위 계층의 인간으로 미묘한 판단을 내립니다.

다른 사람을 무시하는 경향은 다양한 종교에서도 동일하게 나타납니다. 일부 종교 집단은 자기중심적이어서 다른 신앙을 가진 사람은 천국에 갈 수 없다고 믿습니다. 극단적으로 말하자면, 이런 태도는 속물적인 10대 파벌보다 훨씬 더 잔인합니다.

성경의 가르침은 이와는 상당히 대조적입니다. 우선, 하나님의 말씀에 따르면 우리는 사람들을 "구원받은 사람" 또는 "죄인"으로 분류해서는 안 된다고 말합니다. 예수님은 말씀하셨습니다,

"너희가 정죄받지 않도록 판단하지 말라. 어찌하여 형제의 눈 속에 있는 티는 보고 네 눈 속에 있는 들보는 생각지 않느냐?"라고 말씀하셨습니다. (마태 복음 7:1, 3)

제자 야고보는 이렇게 말했습니다: "구원할 수도 있고 멸망시킬 수도 있는 한 분의 율법 제정자가 계십니다. 네가 어찌 다른 사람을 판단하겠느냐?" (야고보서 4:1)

주님이 지상에 계실 때 교회 지도자들 사이에는 판단하는 태도가 만연했습니다. 많은 사람들은 메시아가 오시면 유대인만 구원하고 다른 사람은 구원하지 않을 것이라고 생각했습니다. 예수님이 오셨을 때 그들은 유대인이 아닌 사람과 유대인 모두와 어울린다고 정죄했습니다.

예수님은 이런 태도를 경계하셨습니다. 한번은 예수님께서 자신은 구원받았고 다른 사람들은 구원받지 못했다고 "스스로 믿는" 사람들과 대화하고 계셨습니다. 예수님은 그들에게 두 가지 기도를 생각해 보라고 하셨습니다: "하나님, 제가 다른 사람과 같지 않음을 감사합니다."와 "하나님, 죄인인 저에게 자비를 베푸소서!"입니다. 예수님은 자신이 죄인이라고 생각한 사람을 칭찬하셨습니다. (누가 복음 18:9-14)

자신을 구원받았다고 생각하는 것보다 죄인이라고 생각하는 것이 더 낫습니다.

길가에서 부상당한 사람을 돕기 위해 멈춰 섰던 선한 사마리아인의 비유를 기억하실 것입니다. 이 사마리아인은 (유대인의 관점에서 볼 때) "잘못된" 신앙을 가지고 있었지만, 예수님은 그 사마리아인이 선한 사람이기 때문에 이웃으로서 사랑해야 한다고 말씀하셨습니다. 사실 예수님은 영생을 원하는 사람은 이 사마리아인과 같아야 한다고 말씀하셨습니다(누가 복음 10:29-37), 사마리아인은 기독교인도 유대인도 아니었음에도 불구하고 말입니다. 예수님은 어떤 교회에 속해 있는지가 아니라 그 사람의 마음속에 무엇이 있는지를 보셨고, 지금도 보고 계십니다.

성경은 천국에 갈지 말지를 결정하는 것은 단순히 무엇을 믿는지가 아니라 그 사람이 살아가는 방식이라고 분명히 말합니다. 예수님은 "나더러 '주여, 주여' 하는 자마다 천국에 다 들어갈 것이 아니요 다만 하늘에 계신 내 아버지의 뜻대로 행하는 자라야 들어가리라"고 말씀하셨습니다. (마태 복음 7:21)

다시 말하지만, "그는 각자에게 그의 행위대로 갚아 주실 것입니다." (마태 복음 16:27)

""선을 행한 자는 생명의 부활로, 악을 행한 자는 정죄의 부활로" 갈 것이라고 주님은 말씀하십니다. (요한 복음 5:29)

신앙뿐만 아니라 사람의 삶이 영원한 제비를 결정하기 때문에 예수님은 많은 기독교인이 악한 삶을 살았기 때문에 구원받지 못할 것이라고 예언하셨습니다.

"그 날에 많은 사람이 내게 이르되, '주님, 주님, 우리가 주의 이름으로 선지자 노릇하며 주의 이름으로 귀신을 쫓아내며 주의 이름으로 많은 권능을 행하지 아니하였나이까' 하리라. 그러면 나는 그들에게 '나는 너희를 알지 못하였으니 불법을 행하는 자들아, 내게서 떠나가라'고 선언할 것이다." (마태 복음 7:22-23, 누가 복음 13:25-27)

비기독교인이 구원받을 수 있는 한 가지 이유는 이웃을 사랑할 수 있기 때문입니다. 이웃을 진정으로 사랑하는 사람은 비록 깨닫지 못할지라도 그리스도도 사랑합니다. 예수님은 "너희가 여기 내 형제 중에 지극히 작은 자 하나에게 한 것이 곧 내게 한 것이니라"고 말씀하셨습니다. (마태 복음 25:40)

이웃에 대한 사랑이 없는 예수님에 대한 믿음은 무의미합니다.

"내가 모든 믿음이 있어 산을 옮길 수 있어도 사랑이 없으면 내가 아무 것도 아니요." (1 고린도전서 13:2)

반면에 진정한 사랑은 겉으로 고백하는 종교와 상관없이 마음속으로 주님을 알고 있다는 표시입니다.

"사랑은 모든 것을 믿는다." (1 고린도전서 13:7)

"선을 행하는 자는 하나님께 속한 자이지만 악을 행하는 자는 하나님을 보지 못했습니다." (3 요한 복음 1:11)

"사랑은 하나님께 속한 것이므로 사랑하는 사람은 누구나 하나님으로부터 나서 하나님을 알고 있습니다. 하나님은 사랑이시니 사랑 안에 거하는 사람은 하나님 안에 거하고 하나님도 그 안에 거하십니다." (1 요한 복음 4:7-11)

요약:

일부 기독교 교회에서는 이렇게 가르칩니다: 오직 기독교인만이 구원받는다.

성경이 실제로 말하는 것(그리고 새로운 기독교 교회가 가르치는 것)입니다: 모든 종교의 선한 사람들은 구원을 받습니다.

신그리스도교회의 가르침에서 인용한 몇 가지 참고 자료 : 천국과 지옥 318-328, 주님의 신성한 섭리 326

이 유용한 사이트의 저자 John Odhner의 허락을 받아 사용: http://whatthebiblesays.info/Introduction.html

비디오 재생
The "Big Spiritual Questions" videos are produced by the General Church of the New Jerusalem. Link: newchurch.org

성경

 

누가복음 13:25-27

공부

      

25 `집 주인이 일어나 문을 한 번 닫은 후에 너희가 밖에 서서 문을 두드리며 주여, 열어 주소서 하면 저가 대답하여 가로되 나는 너희가 어디로서 온 자인지 알지 못하노라 하리니

26 그 때에 너희가 말하되 우리는 주 앞에서 먹고 마셨으며 주는 또한 우리 길거리에서 가르치셨나이다 하나

27 저가 너희에게 일러 가로되 나는 너희가 어디로서 왔는지 알지 못하노라 행악하는 모든 자들아 ! 나를 떠나가라 하리라

      

스웨덴보그의 저서에서

 

A Brief Exposition of New Church Doctrine #114

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114. To the above shall be added two memorable experiences taken from THE APOCALYPSE REVEALED. The first is as follows. 1 I was once suddenly seized with an almost deadly disease. My whole head was oppressed, for a pestilential smoke had been let in from the great city which is spiritually called Sodom and Egypt, Revelation 11:8. Half-dead with severe anguish, I expected the end. I lay like this in bed for three and a half days, so greatly was my spirit affected, and from this my body. Then I heard around me the voices of people saying, "Lo he who preached repentance for the remission of sins, and the man Christ alone, lies dead in the street of our city." And they asked several of the clergy whether he was worthy of burial, as was said of the two witnesses slain in that city. Revelation 11:8-10. And they answered, "No, let him lie for a spectacle." And they passed to and fro, and mocked. All this truly happened to me when this chapter of the Revelation was being explained. Then grievous sayings were heard from them, especially these: "How can repentance be performed without faith? And how can Christ, a man, be adored as God? Whilst we are freely saved without any merit of our own, what need is there of anything apart from faith alone; the faith that God the Father sent the Son to take away the damnation of the law, so that He might impute His merit to us, and so justify us in His sight, and absolve us from our sins, and then give the Holy Spirit to operate every good work in us? Are not these things agreeable to Scripture and to reason?" The crowd standing by applauded these speeches.

[2] I heard all this, but could not reply, because I lay almost dead. But, after three and a half days my spirit revived, and I went forth in the spirit from the street into the city, and again I said "Repent, and believe on Christ, and your sins will be remitted, and you will be saved; if you do not do this, you will perish. Did not the Lord Himself preach repentance for the remission of sins, and that men should believe on Him? Did He not command His disciples to preach the same? Does not a complete disregard as to how life should be lived follow from the dogma of your faith?" But they said, "What idle talk! Has not the Son made satisfaction? And has not the Father imputed this, and justified us who have believed this? As we are thus led by the spirit of grace, what sin is there, then, in us, and what power has death over us? Dost thou comprehend this gospel, thou preacher of sin and repentance?" But then a voice came forth from heaven saying, "What is the faith of the impenitent but a dead faith? The end is come, the end is come upon you that are secure and blameless in your own eyes, justified by your own faith, you who are devils." And suddenly a deep gulf opened in the middle of the city, spreading itself far and wide; and house fell upon house, and they were swallowed up. And presently water bubbled up from a large whirlpool and overflowed the waste.

[3] When they were thus overwhelmed, and to all appearance drowned, I desired to know their condition in the abyss, and I was told from heaven, "You shall see and hear." And immediately the waters wherein they seemed to be drowned disappeared before my eyes; for waters in the spiritual world are correspondences, and consequently appear to surround those who are in falsities. And then they appeared to me to be in a sandy bottom where there were large heaps of stones, among which they ran, lamenting that they were cast out of their great city. And they called out, crying, "Why has this happened to us? Are we not clean, pure, just and holy, through our faith?" Others exclaimed, " Are we not cleansed, purified, justified and sanctified, through our faith?" And others cried, "Are we not through our faith made such that we are reputed and seen to be clean, pure, just and holy in the sight of God the Father, and before the whole Trinity? And are we not declared to be such in the presence of the angels? Are we not reconciled, propitiated, expiated, and thereby absolved, washed and cleansed from sins? And has not the damnation of the Law been taken away by Christ? Why, then, are we cast down hither as damned? We have been told by a bold preacher of sin in our great city, Believe on Christ, and do the work of repentance.' Have we not believed on Christ whilst we believed on His merit? And did we not do the work of repentance when we confessed ourselves sinners? Why, then, has all this befallen us?"

[4] But then a voice from near-by said to them, "Do you know any single sin of which you are guilty? Have you ever examined yourselves? Have you in consequence thereof shunned any evil as a sin against God? Yet whoever does not shun evil remains in it. Is not sin the devil? Wherefore, you are those of whom the Lord said: Then shall ye begin to say, We have eaten and drunk in Thy presence, and Thou hast taught in our streets. But He shall say, I tell you, I know you not, whence ye are; depart from Me all ye workers of iniquity.Luke 13:26-27; Matthew 7:22-23. "Depart, therefore, everyone to his own place. You see the openings into the caverns; enter therein, and work shall be given each of you to do, and afterwards food in proportion to your work. If you do not obey, hunger will at length compel you to enter."

[5] Afterwards there came a voice from heaven to some on that territory who were outside that great city, and who are also described in Revelation 11:13, crying aloud, "Take heed to yourselves, take care lest you associate with people like them. Can you not understand that evils, which are called sins and iniquities, render man unclean and impure? How can man be cleansed and purified from them save by actual repentance and faith in the Lord God the Saviour? Actual repentance is to examine oneself, to know and acknowledge one's sins, to hold oneself guilty, to confess them before the Lord, to implore help and power to resist them, and thus to desist from them and lead a new life; and to do all this as of oneself. Practise this once or twice a year, when you approach the Holy Communion; and afterwards, when the sins whereof you accounted yourselves guilty recur, then say to yourselves, We will not entertain them because they are sins against God'; this is actual repentance.

[6] Who cannot understand that if a man does not examine himself and see his sins, he remains in them? For all evil is delightful to man from his birth. It is delightful to take revenge, to commit whoredom, to defraud, to blaspheme. And does not this delight blind you to the nature of these evils? Moreover, if perchance it is said that they are sins, do you not excuse them on account of that delight? Nay, do you not confirm them by false reasonings, and persuade yourselves that they are not sins? And so you remain in them, and commit them afterwards more than before; and this even till you do not know what sin is, or whether there is such a thing as sin. It is otherwise with everyone who actually practises repentance. He calls his evils, which he knows and acknowledges, sins; wherefore he begins to shun and detest them, and to feel their delights as undelightful. And in proportion as he does this he sees and loves what is good, and at length feels the delights of good, which are the delights of heaven. In a word, so far as anyone casts the devil behind him, so far he is adopted by the Lord, and taught and guided by Him, and withheld from evils and held in good. This is the way, and there is no other, from hell to heaven."

[7] It is remarkable that among the Reformed there is a certain deep-rooted opposition to, refusal of, and aversion for actual repentance, which is so great that they cannot force themselves to examine themselves and to see their sins, and to confess them before God. It is as if they are seized with horror whenever they consider doing this. I have enquired of very many of them in the spiritual world concerning actual repentance, and they have all said that it is beyond their power. When they heard that Papists do as much as this; that is, that they examine themselves and confess their sins openly in the presence of a monk, they were greatly astonished, and wondered also why the Reformed cannot do the same in private before God, when it is just as much enjoined on them before they approach the Holy Supper. Some of those who were there enquired into the reason for this, and they found that faith alone induced just such a state of impenitence and state of heart; and then it was given them to see that those Papists who approach and adore Christ, and do not adore, but only honour, the primates and priests of their Church, are saved.

[8] After this there was heard a sound like thunder, and a voice speaking from heaven, saying, "We are amazed. Say to the assemblage of the Reformed, 'Believe on Christ and do the work of repentance, and you will be saved.'" And I said so, and added, "Is not baptism a sacrament of repentance, and thereby an introduction into the Church? What else do the sponsors promise for the one who is to be baptized but that he will renounce the devil and his works? Is not the Holy Supper a sacrament of repentance, and thereby an introduction into heaven? Is it not declared to the communicants that they must certainly do the work of repentance before they come to the table? Is not the Decalogue, which teaches repentance, the doctrine of the whole Christian Church? Is it not said there, in the six precepts of the second table, Thou shalt not do this and that evil; and not said, Thou shalt do this and that good? Wherefore you may know that so far as anyone shuns evils, so far he loves good; and that before this he does not know what good or evil are."

각주:

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.