聖書

 

John 21:15-25 : Feed my lambs, Feed my sheep

勉強

15 So when they had dined, Jesus saith to Simon Peter, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me more than these? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love thee. He saith unto him, Feed my lambs.

16 He saith to him again the second time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love thee. He saith unto him, Feed my sheep.

17 He saith unto him the third time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me? Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third time, Lovest thou me? And he said unto him, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love thee. Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep.

18 Verily, verily, I say unto thee, When thou wast young, thou girdedst thyself, and walkedst whither thou wouldest: but when thou shalt be old, thou shalt stretch forth thy hands, and another shall gird thee, and carry thee whither thou wouldest not.

19 This spake he, signifying by what death he should glorify God. And when he had spoken this, he saith unto him, Follow me.

20 Then Peter, turning about, seeth the disciple whom Jesus loved following; which also leaned on his breast at supper, and said, Lord, which is he that betrayeth thee?

21 Peter seeing him saith to Jesus, Lord, and what shall this man do?

22 Jesus saith unto him, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee? follow thou me.

23 Then went this saying abroad among the brethren, that that disciple should not die: yet Jesus said not unto him, He shall not die; but, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee?

24 This is the disciple which testifieth of these things, and wrote these things: and we know that his testimony is true.

25 And there are also many other things which Jesus did, the which, if they should be written every one, I suppose that even the world itself could not contain the books that should be written. Amen.

解説

 

朝食後の会話

作者: Joe David (機械翻訳された 日本語)

This inscription is on a stone at the church hall in South Ronaldsey, in the Orkneys, northeast of Scotland.

朝食後の会話

(解説をしたもの ヨハネによる福音書21:15-25)

この章の前半では、7人の弟子たちがガリラヤに帰ってきました。彼らは釣りに行き、岸辺にいるイエス様を見て、船の右側で釣りをするように指示され、153匹の魚を積んだ網を岸辺まで引きずって、そして...章の後半が始まると、彼らはイエス様との断食を終えたところです。今、彼らはリラックスしています。

イエスはペテロに「あなたは私を愛していますか」と言われ、ペテロはその質問に少し驚いたのか、答えは明白だと思って「はい」と答え、イエスは「私の子羊を養ってください」と答えます。そして、イエスは「私の子羊を養ってください」と答えます。そして、この変わった会話の後、主は彼らに、若くして後に老いていくことについての小さなたとえ話をします。主はペテロに従うように言われ、ペテロは嫉妬したように、ヨハネは何をすればいいのかと尋ねます。主はペテロの嫉妬を軽く叱って、「もしこの人が私が来るまで待っていたら、あなたがたには何の意味があるのでしょうか」と言われましたが、その後、ヨハネにも従うように言われました。

最後に、ヨハネの福音書、そして実際には四つの福音書のすべてのコレクションは、彼がこの福音書の作者であるというヨハネの説明で締めくくられています。

では、会話とたとえ話、そして嫉妬の発生をもっと詳しく見てみましょう。

この部分で言及されているのは、七人の弟子のうちペテロとヨハネの二人だけです。ペテロは信仰、つまり真実を表していますが、私たちが本当に信じている霊的なものが神からのものであるという真実を表しています。ヨハネは善、すなわち隣人への愛を表しています。前者は心の理解の部分に、後者は心の意志の部分に存在します。

ペテロに羊に餌を与えるように言うとき、主は、主に従うということは、新しい教会で主に従う者となるために、すべての弟子たちが今知っている主と主が来られ、どのように人生を歩むべきかについての真理を宣べ伝えることだと言っています。会話の中で、主は直接、問いかけておられます。"ヨナスの子シモンよ、あなたはこれらの者よりも私を愛しているのか?"ペテロはガリラヤ人の仲間を愛する以上に、主イエスを愛しているかどうかを問われているのだと思います。ペテロが最初に答えた時、"主よ、私があなたを愛していることを知っておられる "と言っています。

三つの質問の最初の質問で、主は「私の子羊を養ってください」と答え、その後に「私の羊を養ってください」と答えます。羊と羊はどちらも善を行うことを愛する人を表しますが、羊は隣人のために善を行うことを愛する人を意味しますが、羊は主のために善を行う人を意味します。前者は霊的な善であり、後者はより高次のものであり、天的な善と呼ばれています。しかし、最初に善いことをしようとする人は、何が善いことなのか分からず、それを御言葉から学び、教えられなければなりません。だからこそペテロは「彼らを養え」と言われているのであり、つまり、真理はどのように善いことをすればよいかを示していなければならないのです。良いことをするためには、良いことをしたいという意志と、それをするための方法を知っているという理解が結びついていなければなりません。キリスト教生活を成功させるために、また、より大きな規模のキリスト教会のためには、「ペテロ」と「ヨハネ」が調和して働かなければなりません。

それから例え話が出てきます。"若い時は、自分で準備をして、自分のやりたいことをやっていた。"しかし年老いてからは、助けを求めなければならない。" "行きたくないところには、他の人が運んでくれるだろう。"

これはここには当てはまらないようですが、もちろん当てはまります。第一の方法は聖書のテキストに与えられています。それは主の死についてです。第二の方法は、私たち全員のための教訓です。私たちが若く、自信に満ち、強いとき、私たちは自分のやりたいことができ、何の助けも必要ないと感じています。悪を行うための誘惑は、私たち自身が対処することができます。しかし、私たちが賢くなってくると、私たちの強さはすべて主から来ていることに気付きます。もし私たちが自分自身だけに頼り続けるならば、地獄からの誘惑はあまりにも強く、私たちは地獄が私たちに望んでいることではなく、私たちのために望んでいることをするように導かれるでしょう。私たちは最初から主に従うこと、主に頼ることを学ばなければなりません。このことは、私たちがたとえを理解するまでは、それが当てはまらないように思えるところで、彼はたとえの最後に言っています。"主はこのことを話されたとき、こう言われた。それが私たちがしなければならないことでもあります。

ペテロは、この真理の説教をすることに喜びを感じ、自分が特別視されていると感じているのかもしれませんが、ヨハネもまた、主を愛し、その代わりに愛されていることを知っています。そこでペテロは「この人は何をすればいいのだろうか」と問いかけます。必要とされる調和がまだ存在していないようで、ペテロはその絆に嫉妬し、おそらく自分が一番だと安心したいと思っているのでしょうが、そうはいきません。ペーターはただ「そんなことはどうでもいい、自分に与えられた仕事をしなければならない」と言われてしまう。

ヤコブとエサウの物語を思い出します。 創世記25ここではエサウが長子であり、イサクからの生得権と祝福を相続することになります。ヤコブは母親の策略でイサクを欺き エサウのものを盗んだその後、彼はパダン・アラムに逃げ、叔父と一緒にそこに留まり、金持ちになりました。帰りの旅で天使と戦い、名前をイスラエルに変えてもらって、エサウと再会します。名前の変更は、ヤコブが御言葉からの真理で豊かになった今、同じく豊かなエサウとの友好的な出会いで、二人の双子は、たとえ話の中でイスラエルと呼ばれる一人の人物に統合され、心の中で善と真理の結合を意味します。

エサウはヨハネと似たような意味で、どちらも善良さや真の慈愛を表しています。ヤコブはペテロと似たようなものを意味します。どちらが重要かということで両者の間に敵意があるように見えても、どちらも役立たずになってしまいますし、天使のようになっている人(誰もが目指すべき人)には敵意はありません。真理は善を可能にし、善は何かを成し遂げるために真理を鼓舞する。私たちはそれらを別々に考えて話すことができますが、それらは(主の中では完全に、天使の中ではそうではありませんが)結婚しているように見えるように一体に結合されています。主の神聖な善と神聖な真理の結婚は、すべての創造の原点です。そう、すべての被造物です。

この善と真理の結婚、そしてバランスと調和のとれた生活の中で両方が働く必要性は、新キリスト教の中心的な概念です。

福音書では、この話の後にもう一つの話があります。その中で、残りの弟子たちは、主の最後の命令を聞くために、ここで述べた7人に加わります。

スウェーデンボルグの著作から

 

Apocalypse Explained#9

この節の研究

  
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9. When one knows that all names in the Word signify things, and that the names of the twelve sons of Jacob, or of the twelve tribes, signify all truths and goods of the church in the complex; and in like manner, the names of the twelve disciples of the Lord; and that "Peter," "James," and "John" signify faith, charity, and the good of charity; he can see many arcana in the Word; as for example, why:

The Lord gave the name Peter to Simon, and to James and John the name Boanerges, which means sons of thunder (Mark 3:16-17).

For "Peter," like petra [rock], signifies the Lord as to truth from good, or faith from charity; and "sons of thunder" signify those who from affection, which is of love, receive the truths of heaven. (That "rock" signifies the Lord in respect to truth from good, or faith from charity, see Arcana Coelestia 8581, 10580; in like manner the "stone of Israel," n. 6426; that "thunders" signify Divine truths from heaven 7573, 8914; and "lightning" the splendors thereof, n. 8813; whence thunders were also called "voices," 7573, 8914)

[2] I will here mention some arcana that may be seen by those who are aware that "Peter" signifies faith, and "John" the good of charity. First, why the Lord said to Peter:

I also say unto thee, Thou art Peter, and upon this rock will I build My church; and I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of the heavens (Matthew 16:18-19).

It appears from the letter, as if that power was given to Peter, when in fact no power was given to Peter; but it was so said to him because "Peter" signified truth from good, which is from the Lord; and truth from good, which is from the Lord, has all power, thus the Lord has all power from good through truth. (That this is so may be seen illustrated in the small work on The Last Judgment 57.) A second arcanum that may be seen, when it is known that "Peter" signifies faith, is, why the Lord said to him, that:

Before the cock crowed, he would deny Him thrice; which also came to pass (Matthew 26:34).

By these words is signified, that in the last time of the church there would be no faith in the Lord, because no charity; for "cock-crowing," as well as "twilight," signifies the last time of the church (n. Arcana Coelestia 10134); and "three" or "thrice," signifies what is complete to the end (n. Arcana Coelestia 2788, 4495, 5159, 9198, 10127. That the end of the church is when there is no faith, because no charity, see in the small work on The Last Judgment 33-39, seq.).

[3] A third arcanum that may be seen is what is signified by the following words concerning Peter and John:

Jesus saith to Peter, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou Me? He saith unto Him, Yea, Lord, thou knowest that I love Thee. He saith unto him, Feed My lambs. He saith to him again a second time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou Me? He saith unto Him, Yea, Lord, thou knowest that I love Thee. He saith unto him, Tend My sheep. He saith unto him the third time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou Me? Peter was grieved because He said unto him the third time, Lovest thou Me? And he saith unto Him, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love Thee. Jesus saith unto him, Feed My sheep. Verily, verily, I say unto thee, when thou wast younger, thou girdest thyself, and walkedst whither thou wouldest; but when thou shall be old, thou shalt stretch forth thy hands, and another shall gird thee, and bear thee whither thou wouldest not. And when He had thus spoken, He saith unto him, Follow Me. Peter, turning about, seeth the disciple whom Jesus loved, following, and he saith, Lord, What shall this one [do]? Jesus saith unto him, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee? Follow thou Me (John 21:15-22).

What these things signify no one can know unless he knows the internal sense, and knows that "Peter" signifies faith, and "John" the good of charity, thus that "Peter" signifies those in the church who are in faith, and "John" those who are in the good of charity.

That Jesus said to Peter three times, "Lovest thou Me?" and that Peter said three times, "Thou knowest that I love Thee," and that Jesus then said, "Feed My lambs," and "Feed My sheep," signifies that those who are in faith from love, ought to instruct those who are in the good of love to the Lord, and in the good of charity towards the neighbor; for those who are in faith from love are also in truths, and those who from this are in truths, instruct concerning good, and lead to good; for all spiritual good that a man has, is gained and implanted by truths.

(That "lambs" signify those who are in the good of innocence and of love to the Lord, may be seen inArcana Coelestia 3994, 10132; that "sheep" signify those who are in the good of charity towards the neighbor, n. 4169, 4809; and that "to feed" is to instruct, n. 5201, 6078)

[4] Faith, as it was to be in the first period of the church and as it was to be in the last, is then described by the Lord. The first period of the church is meant by "when thou wast younger," and its last by "when thou shalt be old." That when Peter "was younger he girded himself and walked whither he would," signifies that in the first period of the church men would imbibe truths from the good of charity and would act from freedom; for to act from freedom is to act from the affection of truth from good. "When thou shalt be old thou shalt stretch forth thy hands, and another shall gird thee and lead thee whither thou wouldest not," signifies that in the last period of the church they would no longer imbibe truths from the good of charity, thus would not know them in any other way than as declared by another; and thus would be in a servile state; for a servile state ensues when good does not lead. (That "garments" signify truths, see Arcana Coelestia 1073, 2576, 5319, 5954, 9212, 9216, 9952, 10536; and that therefore to "gird oneself" denotes to imbibe and perceive truths, n. 9952. That to "walk" is to act and live; to act from freedom is to act from love or affection, since what a man loves that he does freely, n. 2870, 3158, 8987, 8990, 9585, 9591. That every church begins from charity, but that in process of time it turns aside to faith, and at length to faith alone, n. 1834, 1835, 2231, 4683, 8094.)

[5] Since, in the last period of the church, faith becomes such that it rejects the good of charity, saying that faith alone constitutes the church and is saving, and not the good of life which is charity, Jesus said to Peter, by whom such faith is here meant, "Follow Me; and Peter, turning about, seeth the disciple whom Jesus loved, following; and he saith, Lord, what shall this one [do]?" By this is signified that faith, in the last period of the church, would turn itself away from the Lord; for it is said of Peter, by whom such faith is signified, that "turning about, he saw;" also that he said of the disciple whom Jesus loved, or of John, by whom is signified the good of charity, "what shall this one [do]?" that is, that he is not anything. But Jesus said to him, "If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee? Follow thou Me." By this is signified that the good of charity will follow the Lord, and will acknowledge Him, even to the last period of the old church, and the first of the new. (That the last period of the old church is called "the consummation of the age," and the beginning of the new church "the coming of the Lord," see Arcana Coelestia 4535, 10622) A fourth arcanum that may be seen is, why the Lord loved John above the rest of the disciples, and consequently why John lay on the breast or in the bosom of the Lord (John 13:23; 21:20); namely, because the good of love was what the Lord saw when He beheld John, who represented and signified that good; since it is that good that constitutes heaven and the church (See the work on Heaven and Hell 13-19). A fifth arcanum is manifest when it is known that John represented the good of love, namely, what is signified by the words of the Lord from the cross to the mother Mary and to John:

When Jesus therefore seeth His mother, and the disciple standing by whom He loved, He saith unto His mother, Woman, behold thy son. Then He saith to the disciple, Behold thy mother. And from that hour the disciple took her unto his own home (John 19:26, 27).

By "mother" and by "woman" is here meant the church, and by "John" the good of charity; and by the things here said, that the church will be where the good of charity is. (That by "woman," in the Word, is meant the church, may be seen in Arcana Coelestia 252-253, 749, 770, 3160, 6014, 7337, 8994; that the like is signified by "mother," n. 289, 2691, 2717, 3703, 4257, 5581, 8897, 10490. That to "take her unto his own home" is that these should dwell together, is evident.)

From this it can now be seen how great arcana lie concealed in the Word, which are laid open to those only who know its internal or spiritual sense. Apart from that sense it cannot be known, moreover, what is signified when it is said:

That the apostles shall sit upon twelve thrones, and shall judge the twelve tribes of Israel (Matthew 19:28; Luke 22:30).

By "apostles" here are meant not apostles, but all truths from good, which are from the Lord; thus by these words is signified that the Lord alone will judge all from truths that are from good, thus that everyone will be judged according to those truths.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.