9391. “去献燔祭, 又向耶和华献小公牛为平安祭” 表源于良善和植根于良善的真理而敬拜主的一个代表. 这从 “燔祭” 和 “献祭”, 以及 “小公牛” 的含义清楚可知:

“燔祭” 是指总体上对主的敬拜 (参看922, 6905, 8936节),

“燔祭” 尤表源于爱之良善的对主的敬拜,

“献祭” 表示源于植根于良善的信之真理的对主的敬拜 (8680节);

“小公牛” 是指外在人或属世人中纯真和仁爱的良善, 如下文所述. 被献为祭的牲畜或动物表示敬拜所源于良善和真理的性质 (参看922, 1823, 2180, 3519节); 温驯有用的牲畜表示爱之良善的属天事物和信之真理的属灵事物, 这就是为何它们被用于祭祀 (看9280节).

“小公牛” 之所以表示外在人或属世人中纯真和仁爱的良善, 是因为牛群成员表示对存在于外在人或属世人中的良善和真理的情感, 而羊群成员表示对存在于内在人或属灵人中的良善和真理的情感 (2566, 5913, 6048, 8937, 9135节). 羊群成员有羔羊, 母山羊, 母绵羊, 公绵羊和公山羊; 羊群成员有公牛或阉牛, 小公牛或阉牛和牛犊.

“羔羊” 和 “绵羊” 表示内在人或属灵人中纯真和仁爱的良善; 因此,

“牛犊” 和 “小公牛” 因年龄比成年公牛更幼嫩, 故表示外在人或属世人中的类似良善.

“小公牛” 和 “牛犊” 表示这种良善, 这一点从圣言中提到它们的经文明显看出来, 如以西结书:

四活物的脚是直立的脚, 脚掌好像牛犊的蹄掌, 都灿烂如光明的铜.(以西结书 1:7)

这论及 “四活物” 所描述的基路伯.

“基路伯” 表示主的保护和旨意, 以防止不通过良善而向祂的任何靠近 (参看9277节的末尾节).

“直脚” 和 “好像牛犊蹄掌的脚掌” 代表外在或属世良善; 因为 “脚” 表示属世人的事物;

“直脚” 表示属于良善的事物,

“脚掌” 表示属世人中最末和最低的事物.

“脚” 就具有这种含义 (参看2162, 3147, 3761, 3986, 4280, 4938-4952, 5327, 5328节);

“脚跟”,

“脚掌” 和 “蹄” 表示属世人中最末和最低的事物 (4938, 7729节). 它们的 “脚掌” 之所以 “都灿烂如光明的铜”, 是因为 “铜” 表示属世良善 (425, 1551节),

“灿烂如光明的铜” 表示因着天堂之光, 也就是从主发出的神之真理而灿烂的良善. 综上所述, 明显可知 “牛犊” 表示外在人或属世人的良善.

在启示录也一样:

宝座周围有四个活物, 前后都长满了眼睛. 第一个活物像狮子, 第二个活物像牛犊, 第三个活物脸面像人, 第四个活物像飞鹰.(启示录 4:6, 7)

此处的 “四活物”, 就是基路伯, 也表示主的保护和旨意, 以防止不通过爱之良善而靠近祂; 实际的保护通过真理和它所产生的良善, 以及良善和源于它的真理实现.

“狮子” 和 “牛犊” 表示外在形式上的真理和它所产生的良善;

“人的脸面” 和 “飞鹰” 表示内在形式上的良善和源于它的真理.

“狮子” 表示在其能力中的源于良善的真理 (参看6367节), 因此,

“牛犊” 表示它所产生的实际良善.

何西阿书:

当回归耶和华, 对祂说, 求你除净罪孽, 悦纳善行; 那我们就偿还嘴唇的小公牛.(何西阿书 14:2)

没有人能知道 “偿还嘴唇的小公牛” 表示什么, 除非他知道 “小公牛” 和 “嘴唇” 表示什么. 显然, 它表示出于一颗善心赞美和感恩; 因为经上说 “回归耶和华, 对祂说, 悦纳善行”, 然后 “我们就偿还嘴唇的小公牛” 表示出于教义的良善赞美耶和华, 向祂献上感恩. 因为 “嘴唇” 表示教义事物 (参看1286, 1288节).

阿摩司书:

你们使强暴的统治临近. 他们躺卧在象牙床上, 吃羊群中的羔羊, 肥栏中间的牛犊.(阿摩司书 6:3, 4)

这些话描述了那些富有良善和真理的认知或知识, 却过着一种邪恶生活的人;

“吃羊群中的羔羊” 表示学习属于内在人或属灵人的纯真之良善, 并将它们变成自己的;

“吃肥栏中间的牛犊” 表示学习属于外在人或属世人的纯真之良善, 并将它们变成自己的.

“吃” 表示变成自己的 (参看3168, 3513节的末尾,3596, 3832, 4745节);

“羔羊” 表示纯真之良善 (3519, 3994, 7840节). 由于 “羔羊” 表示纯真的内层良善, 故可推知,

“肥栏中间的牛犊” 表示纯真的外层良善; 因为在圣言中, 尤其在圣言的预言部分, 由于天堂的婚姻, 凡论述良善的地方, 通常也论述真理 (9263, 9314节); 凡论及内在事物的地方, 也会论及外在事物. 此外,

“肥栏” 和 “肥 (fat, 经上或译脂肪, 脂油, 肥脂等)” 表示内层之爱的良善 (5943节).

在玛拉基书也一样:

但向你们敬畏我名的人, 必有公义的日头升起来, 其翅膀有医治之能. 你们必出来, 生长如肥栏里的牛犊.(玛拉基书 4:2)

路加福音:

论到从心里悔改回来的浪子, 父亲说, 把那上好的袍子拿出来给他穿上, 把戒指戴在他手上, 把鞋穿在他脚上, 把那肥牛犊牵来宰了, 我们可以来吃, 快乐.(路加福音 15:22, 23)

凡只理解字义的人都会以为此处并未隐藏更深层次的东西; 而事实上, 其中的每一个细节都体现了某种天上的观念; 如这些细节: 他们要给他穿上最好的袍子, 把戒指戴在他手上, 把鞋穿在他脚上, 把肥牛犊牵来宰了, 好让他们可以来吃, 快乐.

“浪子” 表示那些一直挥霍天上财富, 也就是良善和真理的认知或知识的人; 他回到父亲这里, 并承认他 “不配称为他的儿子” 表示一颗悔改的心和谦卑; 要给他穿上的 “上好袍子” 表示普遍真理 (4545, 5248, 5319, 5954, 6914, 6917, 9093, 9212, 9216节);

“肥牛犊” 表示与这些真理一致的普遍良善. 其它经文中的 “牛犊” 和 “小公牛” 所表相同 (如以赛亚书 11:6; 以西结书 39:18; 诗篇 29:6; 69:31节), 以及燔祭和祭祀中所用到的 “牛犊” 和 “小公牛” 也所表相同 (出埃及记 29:11, 12和以后的经文; 利未记 4:3和以后的经文, 13和以后的经文; 8:15和以后的经文; 9:2; 16:3; 23:18; 民数记 8:8和以后的经文; 15:24和以后的经文; 28:19, 20; 士师记 6:25-28; 撒母耳记上 1:25; 16:2; 列王纪上 18:23-26, 33).

以色列人之所以为自己造金牛犊, 并敬拜它以取代耶和华 (出埃及记 32章), 是因为埃及人的偶像崇拜留在了他们心里, 尽管他们口头上宣称信耶和华. 在埃及的偶像当中, 最主要的就是金铸的小母牛和牛犊. 这是因为 “小母牛” 表示记忆真理, 就是属世人所拥有的真理; 而 “牛犊” 表示这真理的良善, 就是属世人所拥有的良善; 还因为金表示良善. 象征属世人所拥有的这良善和这真理的可见形像, 在埃及地取了金祷的小母牛和牛犊的形式. 但当天上事物的代表在那里沦为偶像崇拜, 最终论为邪术时, 在埃及的实际代表形像, 和在其它地方一样, 变成了偶像, 开始成为敬拜的对象. 古人的偶像崇拜和埃及的邪术由此而来.

因为继上古教会之后的古教会是一个代表性教会教会, 其敬拜的一切就在于代表天上的神性事物, 也就是教会内层事物的仪式, 律例, 典章和诫命. 大洪水之后, 这个古教会遍布亚洲大部分地区, 也存在于埃及. 不过, 在埃及, 该教会的记忆知识得到更充分的发展. 因此, 埃及在对应和代表的知识方面超过其他人, 这从象形文字, 那里的邪术和偶像, 以及圣言中关于埃及的各种记载可以看出来. 正因如此, 在圣言中,

“埃及” 表示总体上的记忆事物, 无论真理方面还是良善方面; 它还表示属世人, 因为记忆知识属于属世人.

“小母牛” 和 “牛犊” 也表示这种知识.

古教会是一个代表性教会, 它遍布许多国家, 也存在于埃及 (参看1238, 2385, 7097节); 该教会的记忆知识尤其在埃及得到更充分的发展, 故在圣言中,

“埃及” 表示双重意义上的记忆知识 (1164, 1165, 1186, 1462, 4749, 4964, 4966, 5700, 5702, 6004, 6015, 6125, 6651, 6679, 6683, 6692, 6693, 6750, 7779节的末尾,7926节); 由于记忆真理及其良善是属世人的真理和良善, 所以在圣言中,

“埃及” 也表示属世人或属世层 (4967, 5079, 5080, 5095, 5160, 5276, 5278, 5280, 5288, 5301, 6004, 6015, 6147, 6252节).

由此明显可知, 小母牛和公牛犊是埃及的主要偶像之一, 因为小母牛和公牛犊表示属于属世人的记忆真理及其良善, 正如埃及本身是它们的一个标志一样; 因此,

“埃及” 和 “牛犊” 具有同样的含义. 所以论到埃及, 耶利米书上说:

埃及是美丽的母牛犊, 但毁灭从北方出来. 她雇佣的仆人在她中间好像肥栏里的牛犊.(耶利米书 46:20, 21)

“小母牛” 是指属于属世人的记忆真理; 系 “牛犊” 的 “雇佣的仆人” 是指那些为了利益而行善的人 (8002节); 因此,

“牛犊” 是指本身不是良善的那种良善, 仅仅是与属灵人分离的属世人的快乐. 这种快乐本身就属于偶像崇拜, 雅各的子孙就沉迷于这种快乐; 因此, 他们被允许通过崇拜牛犊 (出埃及记 32章) 来显示并证明这种快乐.

在诗篇, 经上也描述了他们所做的:

他们在何烈山造了牛犊, 叩拜铸成的像. 如此将他们的荣耀换为吃草之牛的像.(诗篇 106:19, 20)

“在何烈山造了牛犊, 叩拜铸成的像” 表示偶像崇拜式的敬拜, 这种敬拜包括仪式, 律例, 典章和诫命, 但只是外在形式上的, 而非同时内在形式上的. 这个民族局限于没有任何内在事物的外在事物 (参看9320节的末尾,9373, 9377, 9380, 9382节); 因此, 他们心里是偶像崇拜 (3732节的末尾,4208, 4281, 4825, 5998, 7401, 8301, 8871, 8882节). 他们 “将他们的荣耀换为吃草之牛的像” 表示他们舍弃圣言和教会的内在事物, 敬拜或耕耘外在事物, 也就是无生命的纯记忆知识; 因为 “荣耀” 是指圣言和教会的内在事物 (参看创世记 18章序言, 以及5922,8267, 8427节);

“牛的像” 是指外在形式上的良善的一种表象, 因为 “像” 表示一种表象, 因而表示一种无生命的赝品; 而 “牛” 表示属世人中的良善, 因而表示外在形式上的良善 (2566, 2781, 9134节);

“吃草” 表示仅在记忆知识层面将它变成自己的, 因为 “吃” 表示变成自己的 (3168, 3513节的末尾,3596, 4745节), 而 “草” 表示记忆知识 (7571节).

由于以色列人取代耶和华所敬拜的 “金牛犊” 表示这些事物, 所以摩西以下面的方式处置了它:

我把你们的罪, 就是你们所铸的牛犊, 用火焚烧, 又捣碎磨得很细, 直到细如灰尘, 我就把这灰尘撒在从山上流下来的溪水中.(申命记 9:21)

没有人知道为何如此处置金牛犊, 除非他知道 “用火焚烧”,

“捣碎”,

“磨细”,

“细如灰尘”, 以及灰尘所撒在的 “从山上流下来的溪水” 表示什么. 它描述了那些敬拜没有任何内在事物的外在事物之人的状态; 也就是说, 就来自神的事物, 因而就圣言而言, 他们是沉浸于爱自己爱世界的邪恶, 以及随之而来的虚假之人. 因为焚烧牛犊的 “火” 表示爱自己爱世界的邪恶 (1297, 1861, 2446, 5071, 5215, 6314, 6832, 7324, 7575节); 它被捣碎成的 “灰尘” 是指从圣言字义所证实的随之而来的虚假; 从西乃山上流下来的 “溪水” 是指神之真理, 因而是指文字上的圣言, 因为文字上的圣言就是从这真理降下来的. 那些局限于没有任何内在事物的外在事物之人解释圣言是以适合自己的爱; 在它里面看到的是世俗事物, 根本看不见天上的事物, 就像以色列人和犹太人以前, 以及如今仍在做的那样.

耶罗波安安在伯特利和但的牛犊也代表类似事物,(列王纪上 12:26-33; 列王纪下 17:16), 对此, 我们在何西阿书读到:

他们立君王, 却不由我; 他们立首领, 我却不认. 他们用金银为自己制造偶像, 以致被剪除. 撒马利亚啊! 你的牛犊已被丢弃. 这牛犊出于以色列, 是匠人所造的, 并不是神! 撒马利亚的牛犊必被打碎.(何西阿书 8:4-6)

此处论述的主题是那些局限于没有任何内在事物的外在事物之人对圣言的错误理解和扭曲解释; 因为他们持守圣言的字义, 任意扭曲以适合他们自己的爱和由这些爱所孕育的观念.

“立君王, 却不由我; 立首领, 我却不认” 表示在他们自己的光中孵化真理和首要真理, 却不靠神的帮助而如此行; 因为 “君王” 在内义上表示真理 (1672, 2015, 2069, 3009, 4581, 4966, 5044, 5068, 6148节);

“首领” 是指首要真理 (1482, 2089, 5044节);

“用金银制造偶像” 表示歪曲从圣言字义所获得的真理和良善的知识, 以适合他们自己的欲望, 却仍将它们拜为圣, 即便如此, 它因来自他们自己的聪明, 故缺乏生命; 因为 “银” 是指真理,

“金” 是指来自神, 因而属于圣言的良善 (1551, 2954, 5658, 6914, 6917, 8932节);

“偶像” 是指出于人自己的聪明, 被拜为圣, 而事实上没有生命在里面的教义事物 (8941节). 由此明显可知,

“君王” 和 “首领”, 以及 “银” 和 “金” 表示由邪恶所产生的虚假; 因为那些由人的自我所产生事物是由邪恶产生的, 因而是虚假, 尽管表面上看, 它们因取自圣言的字义而看似真理. 由此明显可知 “匠人所造的撒马利亚的牛犊” 表示什么, 即: 存在于属世人中, 同时却没有存在于属灵人中的良善, 因而不是良善的东西, 因为它被用于邪恶.

“是匠人所造的, 并不是神” 表示它是自我的产物, 并非来自神;

“被打碎” 是指被驱散, 化为乌有.

何西阿书中的 “牛犊” 表示类似事物:

现今他们罪越犯越多, 用银子为自己造铸像, 就是照自己的聪明造偶像, 都是匠人的工作, 就对他们说, 献祭的人可以向亲吻牛犊.(何西阿书 13:2)

由此明显可知在下列经文中,

“牛犊” 和 “小公牛” 表示什么:

野牛, 小公牛和壮牛要一同下来. 他们的地喝醉了血; 他们的尘土因脂油肥润.(以赛亚书 34:7)

同一先知书:

坚固城将变为凄凉, 成了撇下离弃的居所, 像旷野一样; 牛犊必在那里吃草, 在那里躺卧, 并吃尽其树枝. 它的庄稼必枯萎.(以赛亚书 27:10, 11)

耶利米书:

希实本的哀号达到以利亚利, 他们发出的声音传到雅杂, 从琐珥达到何罗念, 如同一头三岁大的母牛犊, 因为宁林的水必变为凄凉.(耶利米书 48:34)

以赛亚书:

我心为摩押悲哀, 他的逃民逃到琐珥, 如同一头三岁大的母牛犊; 因为他上鲁希坡随走随哭.(以赛亚书 15:5)

何西阿书:

以法莲是驯服的母牛犊, 喜爱踹谷.(何西阿书 10:11)

诗篇:

求你叱喝芦苇中的野兽和成群的壮牛并万民的牛犊, 把银块踹在脚下; 他们已经赶散好战的万民.(诗篇 68:30)

此处论述的主题是那些在记忆知识的基础上进入信的奥秘, 除了在此基础上所孵化, 演绎出来的东西外, 拒绝接受任何事物之人的傲慢. 他们在来自主的天堂之光中什么也看不见, 只在始于自我的自然界之光中看见, 故会抓住阴影而不是光明, 抓住幻觉而不是现实, 抓住虚假而不是真理. 这些人的思维是疯狂的, 因为它仰赖最低级的事物, 即最低层次的知识, 因此他们被称为 “芦苇中的野兽”; 由于他们的推理是激烈的, 所以他们被称为 “成群的壮牛”; 由于他们驱散仍旧存留并分散在那些处于教会真理之人的良善当中的真理, 所以经上说他们 “把万民牛犊中的银块踹在脚下”, 又说他们 “赶散万民”, 也就是教会本身及其真理;

“好战” 表示攻击并摧毁这些真理的欲望. 由此再次明显可知,

“牛犊” 是指良善.

在撒迦利亚书 (12:4), 经上说 “我必以瞎眼击打万民一切的马匹”;

“万民的马匹” 表示理解存在于所有属教会之人中间的真理的能力, 因为 “马” 表示理解真理的能力 (参看2761节). 在此处 (诗篇 68:30), 经上说 “把银块踹在脚下”,

“赶散万民牛犊当中的万民”;

“踹在脚下” 和 “赶散” 表示抛弃和驱散 (参看258节);

“银” 表示真理 (参看1551, 2954, 5658, 6112, 6914, 6917, 7999, 8932节);

“万民” 表示那些处于真理的属教会之人 (2928, 7207节), 因而也表示教会的真理 (1259, 1260, 3295, 3581节). 因此,

“万民的牛犊” 表示掌管那些属教会之人的意愿的良善.

此外,

“牛犊” 表示良善的证据也明显可见于耶利米书:

我必把那些违犯我的约的人交出去; 他们没有遵行在我面前所立约的话, 就是他们把牛犊劈开两半, 好从两半中间经过时立下的, 就是犹大的首领, 耶路撒冷的首领, 太监, 祭司, 并从牛犊两半中间经过的这地的众民. 我必将他们交在他们的仇敌手中, 他们的尸首必给空中的飞鸟和地上的走兽作食物.(耶利米书 34:18-20)

没有人能知道 “牛犊的约” 和 “从其两半之间经过” 表示什么, 除非他知道 “约”,

“牛犊”, 它被 “劈开两半” 表示什么, 以及 “犹大和耶路撒冷的首领”,

“太监”,

“祭司” 和 “这地的民” 表示什么. 显然, 所表示的是某个天堂的奥秘. 然而, 当人们知道 “约” 表示结合,

“牛犊” 表示良善,

“被劈开两半的牛犊” 表示一方面从主发出的良善, 另一方面人所接受的良善;

“犹大和耶路撒冷的首领, 太监, 祭司, 并这地的民” 是指教会从圣言所拥有的真理和良善;

“从两半之间经过” 表示结合. 一旦知道这一切, 这些话的内义就变得显而易见了, 即: 对这个民族来说, 从主发出的良善根本没有与人通过圣言, 因而通过教会的真理和良善所领受的良善结合; 相反, 它们是分开的; 因为他们局限于没有任何内在事物的外在事物.

牛犊与亚伯兰的约包含类似事物, 对此, 我们在创世记读到:

耶和华对亚伯兰说, 你为我取一头三岁的母牛犊, 一只三岁的母山羊, 一只三岁的公绵羊, 一只斑鸠和一只雏鸽. 亚伯兰就把这些都取来, 每样从中间劈成两半, 一半对着另一半摆列, 只有鸟没有劈开. 鸷鸟下来, 落在这些尸体上, 亚伯兰就把它们赶走了. 日落的时候, 亚伯兰沉睡了. 看哪, 有可怕的大黑暗落在他身上. 在那日, 耶和华与亚伯兰立约.(创世 记15: 9-12, 18)

“有可怕的大黑暗落在亚伯兰身上” 表示犹太民族的状态, 因为就教会从圣言所拥有的真理和良善而言, 他们处在最大的黑暗之中. 他们之所以处于这种黑暗, 是因为他们局限于没有任何内在事物的外在事物, 结果他们的敬拜是偶像崇拜. 事实上, 凡局限于没有任何内在事物的外外在事物的人, 其敬拜都是偶像崇拜, 因为当他进行敬拜时, 他的心和灵魂不在天堂, 而是在世界; 他敬拜圣言的神圣事物不是出于存在于他里面的任何天堂之爱, 只出于一种世俗之爱. 该民族的这种状态就是先知以 “他们劈成两半并从中间经过的牛犊之约” 所描述的.

386. And with famine, signifies by the deprivation, lack, and ignorance of the knowledges of truth and good. This is evident from the signification of "famine," as being the deprivation of the knowledges of truth and good, also the lack and ignorance of them. These are signified by "famine" in the Word. This is the signification of "famine" because "food and drink" signify all things that nourish and sustain spiritual life, and these in general are the knowledges of truth and good. The spiritual life itself needs nourishment and support just as much as the natural life does; so it is said to be famished when a man is deprived of these knowledges, or when they fail, or when they are unknown and yet are desired. Moreover, natural foods correspond to spiritual foods, as bread to the good of love, wine to the truths therefrom, and other foods and drinks to particular goods and truths, which have been treated of in several places before, and will be treated of in what follows. It is said that "famine" signifies 1. the deprivation of the knowledges of truth and good, 2. lack, and 3. ignorance of them, since there is deprivation with those who are in evils and in falsities therefrom; lack with those who cannot know them, because they are not in the church or in its doctrine; and ignorance with those who know that there are knowledges, and therefore desire them; these three things are signified by "famine" in the Word, as can be seen from the passages there in which "famine," "the hungry," "thirst," and "the thirsty," are mentioned.

[2] 1. That "famine" signifies the deprivation of the knowledges of truth and good which exists with those who are in evils and thence in falsities, is evident from the following passages. In Isaiah:

In the fury of Jehovah of Hosts is the land obscured, and the people are become as the food of the fire; a man shall not pity his brother. And if he shall cut down on the right hand he shall be hungry, and if he shall eat on the left hand they shall not be satisfied; they shall eat every man the flesh of his own arm; Manasseh Ephraim, and Ephraim Manasseh; they together against Judah ¹ (Isaiah 9:19-21).

Except from the internal sense no one can understand this, nor can even know what is treated of. This treats of the extinction of good by falsity, and of truth by evil. The perversion of the church through falsity is meant by "in the fury of Jehovah of Hosts is the land obscured;" and the perversion of it through evil is meant by "the people are become as the food of the fire;" "the land obscured" signifies the church where there is no truth, but only falsity; and "the food of the fire" signifies the consumption of the truth by the love of evil, "fire" meaning the love of evil. That falsity destroys good is meant by "a man shall not pity his brother," "man" [vir] and "brother" signifying truth and good, here "man" signifies falsity, and "brother" good, because it is said that "he shall not pity him." The consequent deprivation of all good and of all truth, however much it may be sought, is meant by "if he shall cut down on the right hand he shall be hungry, and if he shall eat on the left hand they shall not be satisfied," "right hand" signifying good from which is truth, and "left hand" truth from good, "to cut down, ² and to eat these" signifies to seek, and "to be hungry and not be satisfied" means to be deprived of; that evil extinguishes all truth and falsity all good is meant by "they shall eat every man the flesh of his own arm," "flesh of the arm" meaning the power of good through truth, "man" falsity, and "to eat" to extinguish. That thence all the will of good and the understanding of truth perishes is meant by "Manasseh shall eat Ephraim, and Ephraim Manasseh." (That "Manasseh" means the will of good, and "Ephraim" the understanding of truth, see Arcana Coelestia 3969, 5354, 6222, 6234, 6238, 6267, 6296.) That this is with those who are in evils and falsities is meant by "they together against Judah;" for when the will is in good and the understanding in truth these are with Jehovah, since they are both from Him; but when the will is in evil and the understanding in falsity they are against Jehovah.

[3] In the same:

Be not glad, O Philistia, all of thee, because the rod that smiteth thee is broken; for from the serpent's root shall come forth a basilisk, and his fruit shall be a fiery-flying serpent. I will cause thy root to die with famine, and it shall slay thy remnant (Isaiah 14:29-30).

Nearly the like is meant by this in the internal sense; but here those are treated of who believe that faith is merely the interior sight of the natural man, and that they are justified and saved by such sight or faith, thus denying that the good of charity has any effect. Such as these are meant by "the Philistines," and a collection of them by "Philistia" (See Arcana Coelestia 3412, 3413, 8093, 8313). That this false principle, which is faith alone or faith separated from charity, destroys every good and truth of the church is meant by "from the serpent's root shall come forth a basilisk," the "serpent's root" meaning that false principle, and "basilisk" the destruction of the good and truth of the church thereby. That reasoning from mere falsities springs from this is meant by "his fruit shall be a fiery-flying serpent," "fiery-flying serpent" meaning reasoning from falsities. The deprivation of all truth and thence of all good is meant by "I will cause thy root to die with famine, and famine shall slay thy remnant," meaning all things hatched out of that principle. That such is the meaning has been made evident also by experience itself. Those who in doctrine and in life have confirmed themselves in the principle of faith alone are seen in the spiritual world as basilisks, and their reasonings as fiery-flying serpents.

[4] In the same:

Who formeth a god, and casteth a molten image, and it profiteth not? he fashioneth iron with the tongs, and worketh it in the coal, and formeth it with sharp hammers; so he worketh it by the arm of his power; yea, he is hungry until there is no power, neither doth he drink, until he is weary (Isaiah 44:10, 12).

This describes the formation of doctrine both from one's own understanding and from one's own love. "To form a god" signifies doctrine from one's own understanding; and "to cast a molten image," from one's own love; "he fashioneth the iron with the tongs, and worketh it in the coal" signifies the falsity that he calls truth and the evil that he calls good, "iron" meaning falsity, and "the fire of coal" the evil of one's own love; "he formeth it with sharp hammers" signifies by ingenious reasonings from falsities so that they may seem to hold together; "so he worketh it by the arm of his power" signifies from what is his own; "yea, he is hungry until there is no power, neither doth he drink, until he is weary" signifies that there is nothing whatever of good or of truth, "to be hungry" signifies the deprivation of good, and "not to drink" the deprivation of truth, "until there is no power," and "until he is weary" signify till there is nothing of good and nothing of truth left. Who that looks at the Word from the sense of the letter only, can see in this anything but a description of the formation of a molten image? Yet he must see that there is nothing spiritual involved in such a description of the formation of a molten image; also that there is no need of saying that "he is hungry until there is no power, neither doth he drink until he is weary;" nevertheless not only here but elsewhere in many places in the Word, the formation of a religion and of the doctrine of falsity is described by "idols," "graven images" and "molten images." (That these signify the falsities of religion, and of doctrine originating from one's own understanding, and from one's own love, see Arcana Coelestia 8869, 8932, 8941, 9424, 10406, 10503)

[5] In the same:

These two things have met thee; who shall be sorry for thee? devastation and a breach, and famine and sword (Isaiah 51:19).

Here, too, "famine" means the deprivation of the knowledges of good, even till there is no more good; and "sword" the deprivation of the knowledges of truth, even till there is no more truth; therefore "devastation" and "breach" are mentioned, "devastation" signifying that there is no more good, and "breach" that there is no more truth.

[6] In the same:

Thus said the Lord Jehovih, Behold, My servants shall eat, but ye shall be hungry; My servants shall drink, but ye shall be thirsty; behold, My servants shall be glad, but ye shall be ashamed (Isaiah 65:13).

Here, also, "to be hungry and thirsty" means to be deprived of the good of love and the truths of faith, "to be hungry" to be deprived of the good of love, and "to be thirsty" to be deprived of the truths of faith; "to eat and to drink" signifies communication and appropriation of goods and truths; and "the servants of the Lord Jehovih," those who receive goods and truths from the Lord; this makes clear what is signified by "Behold, My servants shall eat, but ye shall be hungry; My servants shall drink, but ye shall be thirsty;" that the Lord's servants shall have eternal happiness, but the others unhappiness is signified by "Behold, My servants shall be glad, but ye shall be ashamed."

[7] In Jeremiah:

By the sword, by famine, and by pestilence I consume them; Yet I said, Ah Lord Jehovih! behold the prophets say unto them, Ye shall not see the sword, neither shall ye have famine. Therefore thus said Jehovah against the prophets prophesying in My name, although I sent them not, yet they say, Sword and famine shall not be in this land. By sword and by famine shall these prophets come to an end; the people to whom they prophesy shall be cast out in the streets of Jerusalem, and there shall be no one to bury them (Jeremiah 14:12-13, 15-16).

"Sword, famine, and pestilence," signifies the deprivation of truth and of good, and thus of spiritual life through falsities and evils; "sword" signifying the deprivation of truth through falsities, "famine" the deprivation of good through evils, and "pestilence" the deprivation of spiritual life. "Prophets" mean those who teach the truths of doctrine, and in an abstract sense, the doctrinals of truth. This makes clear what is signified by all this, namely, that those who teach the doctrine of falsity and evil shall perish through these things that are signified by "sword and famine;" and that those who receive the doctrine from them are separated from every truth of the church, and are damned, is signified by "they shall be cast out in the streets of Jerusalem, there shall be no one to bury them," "the streets of Jerusalem" meaning the truths of the church, "to be cast out in them" meaning to be separated from those truths, and "not to be buried" meaning to be damned.

[8] "Sword, famine, and pestilence," have a like signification in the following passages, "sword" signifying the deprivation of truth through falsities, "famine" the deprivation of good through evils, and "pestilence" the consequent deprivation of spiritual life. In Jeremiah:

They shall be consumed by the sword and by famine, that their carcass may be for food to the fowl of the heavens and to the beast of the earth (Jeremiah 16:4);

"their carcass may be for food to the fowl of the heavens" signifying damnation by falsities, and "for food to the beast of the earth" damnation by evils. In the same:

They have denied Jehovah when they said, It is not He; neither shall evil come upon us; neither shall we see sword and famine (Jeremiah 5:12).

In the same:

Behold I will visit upon them; the young men shall die by the sword, their sons and their daughters shall die by famine (Jeremiah 11:22).

In the same:

Give their ³ sons to the famine, and make them flow down upon the hands of the sword, that their wives may become bereaved and widows, and their men be slain by death, their young men smitten by the sword in war (Jeremiah 18:21).

In the same:

I will send upon them sword, famine, and pestilence, and will make them like the horrible figs, that cannot be eaten for badness. And I will pursue after them with the sword, with famine, and with pestilence (Jeremiah 29:17-18).

In the same:

I will send against them the sword, famine, and pestilence, until they come to an end from upon the ground that I gave to them and to their fathers (Jeremiah 24:10).

In the same:

I proclaim to you a liberty, to the sword, to the pestilence, and to the famine; and I will give you up for commotion by all the kingdoms of the earth (Jeremiah 34:17).

In the Gospels:

Nation shall be roused against nation, and kingdom against kingdom; and there shall be pestilences, and famines, and earthquakes, in diverse places (Matthew 24:17; Mark 13:8; Luke 21:11).

In Ezekiel:

Because thou hast defiled My sanctuary, a third part of thee shall die with the pestilence, and with famine shall they be consumed in the midst of thee; and a third part shall fall by the sword round about thee; and a third part I will disperse to every wind. When I shall send upon them the evil arrows of famine, that shall be for destruction, when I shall send them to destroy you; but yet I will increase the famine upon you, until I have broken for you the staff of bread. And I will send upon you famine and the evil wild beast, and I will make thee bereaved; and pestilence and blood shall pass through thee (Ezekiel 5:11-12, 5:16-17).

In the same:

The sword without, and pestilence and famine within; he that is in the field shall die by the sword, but he that is in the city famine and pestilence shall devour him (Ezekiel 7:15).

In the same:

Because of all the evil abominations, they shall fall by the sword, by famine, and by pestilence. He that is far off shall die by pestilence; he that is near shall fall by the sword; and he that remaineth and is preserved shall die by famine (Ezekiel 6:11-12).

In Jeremiah:

But if ye say, We will not dwell in this land, that ye may not obey the voice of Jehovah your God; saying No, but we will come into the land of Egypt, where we shall see no war, and shall not hear the sound of the trumpet, and shall not hunger for bread, and there will we dwell: hear ye the word of Jehovah, If ye wholly set your faces to enter into Egypt, and come to sojourn there, it shall come to pass that the sword that ye fear shall overtake you there in the land of Egypt, and the famine about which ye were solicitous shall cleave to you there in Egypt, and there ye shall die. And they shall die there by the sword, by famine, and by pestilence; neither shall one of them remain, because of the evil that I will bring upon you. ⁴ And ye shall be for an execration and an astonishment, and for a reproach; and ye shall see this place no more. Now therefore know certainly, that ye shall die by the sword, by famine, and by pestilence in the place whither ye have desired to come to sojourn there (Jeremiah 42:13-18, 42:22; 44:12-13, 44:27).

"Egypt" here signifies the natural, and "to come into Egypt and to sojourn there" signifies to become natural. (That "Egypt" means the knowing faculty [scientificum] that belongs to the natural man, and thus the natural, and "the land of Egypt" means the natural mind, see Arcana Coelestia 4967, 5079-5080, 5095, 5276, 5278, 5280, 5288, 5301, 5160, 5799, 6015, 6147, 6252, 7353, 7648, 9340, 9391 and that "to sojourn" means to be instructed, and to live, n. 1463, 2025, 3672.) From this it can be seen what is signified in the spiritual sense by "their not going into Egypt, and their dying then by the sword, the famine, and the pestilence," namely, that if they became merely natural, they would be deprived of all truth and good and spiritual life; for the natural man separate from the spiritual is in falsities and evils, and thus in infernal life. (That the natural man separate from the spiritual is such, see in The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem 47-48.) Therefore it is said that if they went into Egypt "they should be for an execration and an astonishment and a reproach, neither would they see this place;" "the place they would not see" meaning the state of the spiritual man, the same as "the land of Canaan." Like things are signified by the murmurings of the sons of Israel in the wilderness, because they so often desired to return into Egypt; therefore manna was also given to them, which signifies spiritual nourishment (Exodus 16:2-3, 16:7-9, 16:22).

[9] In Ezekiel:

When I shall stretch out Mine hand against the house of Israel to break for it the staff of bread, and send famine upon it, and cut off from it man and beast; then I will cause the evil wild beast to pass through the land, and will bereave it, that it may become a desolation; then I will send my four evil judgments upon Jerusalem, sword and famine, and the evil wild beast, and pestilence, to cut off from it man and beast (Ezekiel 14:13, 15, 21).

This describes the vastation of the church; "the house of Israel" and "Jerusalem" meaning the church; "to break the staff of bread" signifies to destroy everything celestial and spiritual by which the church should be nourished, for "bread" involves everything belonging to heaven and the church, or all spiritual nourishment; "to cut off man and beast" signifies every spiritual and natural affection; therefore "the sword, the famine, the evil wild beast, and the pestilence," signify the destruction of truth by falsity, of good by evil, of the affection of truth and good by the lusts arising from evil loves, and the consequent extinction of spiritual life. These are called "the four evil judgments," and are also meant by "the sword, famine, death, and the evil wild beast," in this verse of Revelation. Evidently it is the vastation of the church that is thus described.

[10] The three evils that are signified by "famine, sword, and pestilence" the prophet Gad also announced to David when he had numbered the people (2 Samuel 24:13). No one can know why David was threatened with these because of his numbering the people unless he knows that the people of Israel represented and thence signified the church in respect to all its truths and goods, and that "to number" signifies to know the quality thereof, and afterwards to arrange and dispose them according to it. Because no one but the Lord knows and does this, and because the man who does it deprives himself of all good and truth and of spiritual life, and because David did this representatively, therefore these three evils were offered him, one of which he might choose. Who cannot see that there was nothing wrong in numbering the people, and that the evil on account of which David and the people were punished was hidden interiorly, that is, in the representatives in which the church then was? In the passages that have been cited, "famine" signifies the deprivation of the knowledges of truth and good, and the consequent loss of all truth and good.

[11] 2. That "famine" signifies also the lack of knowledges with those who cannot know them because they are not in the church or in the doctrine thereof, is evident from the following passages. In Amos:

Behold, the days shall come in which I will send a famine into the land, not a famine for bread, nor a thirst for waters, but for hearing the words of Jehovah; that they may wander from sea to sea, from the north to the sunrise, they may run to and fro seeking the word of Jehovah, and shall not find it. In that day shall the beautiful virgins and the youths faint for thirst (Amos 8:11-13).

This explains what is meant by "famine" and "thirst," namely, that a famine for bread is not meant, nor a thirst for waters, but for hearing the word of Jehovah, thus that it is a lack of the knowledges of good and truth that is meant; and that these are not in the church or in its doctrine is described by the words, "they shall go from sea to sea, and from the north to the sunrise, seeking the word of Jehovah, and shall not find it," "from sea to sea" signifying on every side, for the outmost boundaries in the spiritual world, where truths and goods begin and terminate appear like seas; consequently "seas" in the Word signify the cognitions of truth and good, also knowledges [scientifica] in general; "from the north to the sunrise" signifies also on every side where truth and good are, "the north" meaning where truth is in obscurity, and "the sunrise" where good is. Because "famine and thirst" signify a lack of the knowledges of good and truth, therefore it is also said "in that day shall the beautiful virgins and the youths faint for thirst," "the beautiful virgins" meaning the affections of truth from good, and "youths" the truths themselves that are from good, "the thirst for which they shall faint" meaning the lack of these. (That "virgins" signify the affections of good and truth, see Arcana Coelestia 2362, 3963, 6729, 6775, 6788; and "youths" the truths themselves, and intelligence, Arcana Coelestia 7668[1-4])

[12] In Isaiah:

Therefore My people shall be carried away for the lack of knowledge; and the glory thereof shall be men of famine, and the multitude thereof shall be parched with thirst (Isaiah 5:13).

The desolation or destruction of the church from lack of the knowledges of good and truth is signified by, "My people shall be carried away for lack of knowledge." The Divine truth that constitutes the church is signified by "glory;" that this is not, and consequently good is not, is signified by "the glory thereof shall be men of famine," "men of famine" meaning those who are in no perception of good, and in no knowledges of truth; and that consequently there is no truth is signified by "the multitude thereof shall be parched with thirst," "to be parched with thirst" meaning the lack of truth, "multitude" in the Word being predicated of truths.

[13] In the same:

The people shall seek after their God, the law, and the testimony; for they shall pass through it perplexed and famished; and it shall come to pass that when they shall hunger they shall rage, and shall curse their king and their gods, and shall look upwards; they shall look also to the earth, but behold distress and thick darkness (Isaiah 8:19-22).

This treats of those who are in falsities from lack of the knowledges of truth and good, and their indignation on that account; the lack is described by "they shall look upwards, and they shall look also to the earth, but behold distress and thick darkness," "to look upwards and to look to the earth" means to look everywhere for goods and truths; "but behold distress and thick darkness" means that these are nowhere to be found, but mere falsities only, "thick darkness" meaning dense falsity. Their indignation on this account is meant by "it shall come to pass that when they shall hunger they shall rage, and shall curse their king and their gods," "to hunger" meaning to desire to know, "king" falsity, "the gods" the falsities of worship therefrom, and "to curse" to detest.

[14] In Lamentations:

Lift up thy hands to the Lord respecting the soul of thy babes, who have fainted for famine at the head of all the streets (Lamentations 2:19).

Lamentation over those who ought to be instructed in the knowledges of good and truth, by which they may have spiritual life, is described by "Lift up thy hands to the Lord respecting the soul of thy babes;" and the lack of these knowledges is described by "who have fainted for famine at the head of all the streets," "famine" meaning lack, "streets" the truths of doctrine, "to faint at the head of them" meaning that there are no truths.

[15] In the same:

Servants have ruled over us, there is no one to free us out of their hand. We bring in our bread with the peril of our souls because of the sword of the wilderness. Our skins are black like an oven because of the tempests of famine (Lamentations 5:8-10).

"Servants that have ruled with no one to free us out of their hand" signify the evils of life and the falsities of doctrine, in general, evil loves and false principles; "we bring in our bread with the peril of our souls because of the sword of the wilderness" signifies that there is no good from which there may be spiritual life itself, because of the falsity everywhere reigning; "bread" means the good from which there may be spiritual life; "sword" falsity destroying; and "the wilderness" where there is no good because no truth; for all good with man is formed by truths, therefore where there are no truths but only falsities there is no good; "our skins are black like an oven because of the tempests of famine" signifies that because of the lack of the knowledges of good and truth the natural man is in its own evil love; "the skin," from correspondence with the Greatest Man or heaven, signifies the natural man; "to be black like an oven" signifies to be in one's own evil from falsities; and "tempests of famine" signify a complete lack of the knowledges of good and truth.

[16] In Luke:

Woe unto you that are full! for ye shall hunger (Luke 6:25).

"The full" in the Word mean those who have the Word, in which are all the knowledges of good and truth; and "to hunger" means to lack these, and also to be deprived of them. In Job:

Blessed is the man whom God hath chastened; therefore reject not the discipline of Schaddai. In famine He shall redeem thee from death; and in war from the hands of the sword (Job 5:17, 20).

This treats of those who are in temptations; temptations are signified by "whom God hath chastened," and by "the discipline of Schaddai." "The Almighty (Schaddai)" signifies temptations, deliverance from them, and consolation after them (See Arcana Coelestia 1992, 3667, 4572, 5628, 6229). "The famine in which he shall be redeemed" signifies temptation in respect to the perception of good, in which he shall be delivered from evil; "to redeem" meaning to deliver; and "the hand of the sword in war" signifies temptations in respect to the understanding of truth, "war" also meaning temptation or combat against falsities.

[17] 3. That "famine" in the Word also signifies ignorance of the knowledges of truth and good, such as are with those who know that there are knowledges and therefore desire them, is evident from the following passages. In Matthew:

Blessed are they that hunger after righteousness, for they shall be satisfied (Matthew 5:6).

"To hunger after righteousness" signifies to desire good, for in the Word "righteousness" is predicated of good. In Luke:

God hath filled the hungry with good things; and the rich He hath sent empty away (Luke 1:53).

"The hungry" are those who are ignorant of the knowledges of truth and good, and yet desire them; and "the rich" are those who have an abundance of them, but no desire for them. That the former are enriched is signified by "God hath filled them with good things;" and that the latter are deprived of them is signified by "The rich He hath sent away empty."

[18] In David:

Behold, the eye of Jehovah is upon them that fear Him, to deliver their soul from death, and to keep them alive in famine (Psalms 33:18-19).

"Those that fear Jehovah" mean those who love to do His commandments; "to deliver the soul from death" signifies from evils and falsities, and thus from damnation; and "to keep them alive in famine" signifies to give spiritual life according to desire. A desire for the knowledges of truth and good is a spiritual affection of truth, which is given only to those who are in the good of life, that is, who do the Lord's commandments; and these, as has been said, are meant by "those that fear Jehovah."

[19] In the same:

Let them confess to Jehovah His mercy, for He satisfieth the longing soul, and the hungry soul He filleth with good (Psalms 107:8-9).

"To satisfy the longing soul, and to fill with good the hungry soul," applies to those who long for truths and goods, "the longing soul" signifying those who long for truths, and "the hungry soul" those who long for goods. In the same:

There is no want to them that fear Jehovah. The young lions shall lack, and suffer hunger; but they that seek Jehovah shall not want any good (Psalms 34:9-10).

Here, too, "those that fear Jehovah to whom there is no want," signify those who love to do the Lord's commandments; and "they that seek Jehovah who shall not want any good," signify those who in consequence are loved by the Lord, and receive truths and goods from Him. "The young lions that lack and suffer hunger", signify those who have knowledge and wisdom from themselves, "to lack and suffer hunger" meaning that they have neither truth nor good. (What "lions" in both senses signify, see n. 278)

[20] In the same:

Jehovah who executeth judgment for the oppressed; who giveth bread to the hungry; Jehovah, who looseth the bound (Psalms 146:7).

The "oppressed" here mean those who are in falsities from ignorance; such are oppressed by spirits who are in falsities; therefore it is said that "Jehovah executeth judgment for them," by rescuing them from those that oppress. "The hungry" mean those who desire goods; and as such are nourished by the Lord, it is said "Jehovah giveth bread to the hungry," "to give bread" meaning to nourish, and spiritual nourishment is knowledge, intelligence, and wisdom. "The bound" mean those who desire truths but are withheld from them by the falsities of doctrine or by ignorance, because they have not the Word; therefore "to loose the bound" means to free from falsities. (That such are called "bound," see Arcana Coeles (Arcana Coelestia 5037[1-6], 5086, 5096) tia, n. 5037, 5086, 5096.)

[21] In the same:

Jehovah turneth the wilderness into a pool of waters, and a land of drought into a springing forth of waters. And there He maketh the hungry to dwell, that they may prepare a city of habitation, and sow fields, and plant vineyards, and make fruit of increase (Psalms 107:35-37).

The meaning of these words is wholly different from the sense of the letter, namely, that those who are ignorant of the knowledges of truth and yet desire to know them shall be enriched and abundantly supplied with them; for "Jehovah turneth the wilderness into a pool of water" signifies that in place of ignorance of truth there shall be abundance of truth, "wilderness" meaning when there is ignorance of truth, and "a pool of waters" abundance of it; "to turn a land of drought into a springing forth of waters" signifies the like in the natural man, for "a land of drought" means where there is ignorance of truth, "the springing forth of waters" is abundance, the natural man is "the springing forth," and "waters" are truths; "there He maketh the hungry to dwell" signifies those who desire truth, "to dwell" meaning to live, and "the hungry" those who desire; "that they may prepare a city of habitation" signifies that they form for themselves a doctrine of life, "city" meaning doctrine, and "habitation" life; "that they may sow fields and plant vineyards, and make fruit of increase," signifies to receive truths, to understand them, and to do them; "to sow fields" meaning to be instructed and to receive truths; "to plant vineyards" meaning to receive truths in the understanding, that is, in the spirit, for "vineyards" mean spiritual truths; therefore "to plant" them means to receive them spiritually, that is, to understand them; "to make fruit of increase" means to do them and to receive goods, for "fruits" are the deeds and goods of charity.

[22] In the same:

Jehovah knoweth the days of the perfect, and He shall be their inheritance forever. They shall not be ashamed in the time of evil; and in the days of famine they shall be satisfied (Psalms 37:18-19).

"The days of the perfect" signify the states of those who are in good and in truths therefrom, or those who are in charity and in faith therefrom. "Jehovah shall be their inheritance forever" signifies that they are His own and are in heaven; "they shall not be ashamed in the time of evil" signifies that they shall conquer when they are tempted by evils; and "in the days of famine they shall be satisfied" signifies that they shall be upheld by truths when they are tempted and infested by falsities, "time of evil" and "days of famine" signifying the states of temptations, and temptations are from evils and falsities.

[23] In the first book of Samuel:

The bows of the mighty are broken, but they who had stumbled have girded strength about them; they that are full have hired themselves for bread; and they that are hungry have ceased; even until the barren hath borne seven, and she that hath many sons hath failed (1 Samuel 2:4-5).

"They that are full have hired themselves for bread, and they that are hungry have ceased," signify those who wish for and long for goods and truths. The rest may be seen explained above (n. 257, 357).

[24] In Isaiah:

For the fool speaketh foolishness, and his heart doeth iniquity, to practice hypocrisy, and to speak error against Jehovah, to make empty the hungry soul, and to cause the drink of the thirsty to fail (Isaiah 32:6).

He is here called "a fool" who is in falsities and evils from the love of self, consequently from self-intelligence. Falsities are meant by the "foolishness" that he speaks; and evils by the "iniquity" that his heart does. The evils that he speaks against goods are meant by "the hypocrisy" that he practices; and the falsities that he speaks against truths, by the "error" that he speaks against Jehovah; "to make empty the hungry soul, and to cause the drink of the thirsty to fail" means to persuade and destroy those who desire goods and truths, "the hungry soul" meaning those who desire goods, and "he that thirsteth for drink" meaning those who desire truths.

[25] In the same:

If thou shalt draw out thy soul to the hungry and satisfy the afflicted soul, thy light shall arise in darkness and thy thick darkness be as the noonday (Isaiah 58:10).

This describes charity towards the neighbor, here towards those who are in ignorance, but at the same time in a desire to know truths, and in grief on account of the falsities that possess them, and signifies that with those who are in such charity falsities are dispersed and truths shine and become radiant. Charity towards those that are in ignorance and at the same time in a desire to know truths is meant by "If thou shalt draw out thy soul to the hungry," "the hungry" meaning those who desire, and "the soul" is the understanding of truth instructing. This being done to those who are in grief because of the falsities that possess them is meant by "if thou shalt satisfy the afflicted soul;" that ignorance is dispelled and truths shine and become radiant with those who are in such charity is meant by "thy light shall arise in darkness, and thy thick darkness be as the noon day;" "darkness" signifying the ignorance of the spiritual mind, and "thick darkness" the ignorance of the natural mind, "light" truth in light, "noonday" the like. Such illustration those have who from charity or spiritual affection instruct such as are in falsities from ignorance; for such charity is a receptacle of the influx of light or of truth from the Lord.

[26] In the same:

Is not this the fast that I choose, to break thy bread to the hungry, and to bring the afflicted outcasts into thy house, when thou shalt see the naked and shalt cover him? (Isaiah 58:6-7).

These words have a like meaning, for "to break bread to the hungry" signifies from charity to communicate to and instruct those who are in ignorance and at the same time in a desire to know truths; "to bring the afflicted outcasts into the house" signifies to correct and reform those who are in falsities, and thence in grief, "afflicted outcasts" meaning those who are in grief from falsities; for those who are in falsities stand without, while those who are in truths are in the house, "house" meaning the intellectual mind, into which truths only are admitted, since that mind is opened by means of truths from good. Because this is what is signified it is added, "when thou shalt see the naked and shalt cover him," the "naked" signifying those that are without truths, and "to cover" signifying to instruct; for "garments" in the Word signify truths investing (See above, n. 195).

[27] In the same:

They shall not hunger nor thirst, neither shall the heat nor the sun smite them; for He that hath compassion on them leadeth them forth, even unto the springs of waters shall He guide them (Isaiah 49:10).

That "they shall not hunger nor thirst" does not mean that they are not to hunger nor thirst for natural food and drink; and "neither shall the heat nor sun smite them" does not mean that they will not become heated by these; the same is true of their being led unto the springs of waters. Who that thinks about it does not see that something else is here meant? "To hunger and thirst" therefore signifies to hunger and thirst for such things as pertain to eternal life or give that life, and these, in general, have reference to the good of love and the truth of faith, "hunger" to the good of love, and "thirst" to the truth of faith; "heat" and "sun" signify the heat from the principles of falsity and the love of evil, for these take away all spiritual hunger and thirst; "the springs of waters, unto which the Lord will guide them" signify illustration in all truth, "spring" or "fountain" meaning the Word, and also the doctrine from the Word, "waters" truths, and "to guide" in reference to the Lord, meaning to illustrate. From this the significance can be seen of the Lord's words in John:

I am the bread of life; he that cometh to Me shall not hunger, and he that believeth on Me shall never thirst (John 6:35).

Here evidently "to hunger" is to come to the Lord, and "to thirst" is to believe on Him; to come to the Lord is to do His commandments.

[28] This signification of "hungering and thirsting" makes evident also the signification of the Lord's words in Matthew:

The king said to them on the right hand, I was an hungered, and ye gave me to eat, I was thirsty and ye gave me to drink, I was a sojourner and ye took me in. And He said to them on the left hand, that He was an hungered and they gave Him not to eat, and He was thirsty and they gave Him not to drink; that He was a sojourner and they took Him not in (Matthew 25:34-35, 37, 41-44).

"To hunger and to thirst" signifies to be in ignorance and in spiritual want, and "to give to eat and drink" signifies to instruct and to illustrate from spiritual affection or charity; it is therefore also said, "I was a sojourner and ye took me not in," "sojourner" signifying those who are out of the church, but who wish to be instructed and to receive the doctrinals of the church and to live according to them (See Arcana Coelestia 1463[1-3], 4444, 7908, 8007, 8013, 9196).

Furthermore, we read in the Word that the Lord hungered and thirsted, which means that from His Divine love He willed and desired the salvation of the human race.

[29] That He hungered we read in Mark:

When they were come from Bethany, Jesus hungered; and seeing a fig-tree afar off having leaves, He came, if haply He might find anything thereon; but when He had come to it He found nothing but leaves, for it was not the season for figs. Therefore He said unto it, No one eat any fruit of thee forever. And the disciples in the morning as they passed by, saw the fig-tree dried up from the roots (Mark 11:12-14, 20; Matthew 21:19-20).

One who does not know that all things of the Word contain a spiritual sense, may believe that the Lord did this to the fig-tree from indignation because He was hungry; but "fig-tree" means here not a fig-tree, but the church in relation to natural good, in particular, the Jewish Church. That there was no natural good in that church, because nothing spiritual, but only some truths from the sense of the letter of the Word, is signified by "Jesus seeing a fig-tree afar off having leaves, came, if haply He might find anything thereon; but when He had come to it He found nothing but leaves," "leaves" signifying the truths of the sense of the letter of the Word. That with that nation, because they were in dense falsities and in evil loves, nothing whatever of the natural good of the church would ever exist is signified by "Jesus said, No one eat any fruit of thee forever, and the fig-tree was dried up from the roots." It is also said that "it was not the season for figs," and this means that the church was not yet begun; that the beginning of a new church is meant by "a fig-tree," is clear from the Lord's words (Matthew 24:32, 33; Mark 13:28, 29, and in Luke 21:28-31). From this it can be seen what "hungering" here signifies. (That "a fig-tree" signifies the natural good of the church, see Arcana Coelestia 217, 4231, 5113; and that "leaves" signify the truths of the natural man, see above, n. 109.)

[30] That the Lord thirsted we read in John:

Jesus, knowing that all things were now finished, that the Scripture might be fulfilled said, I thirst. And there had been placed a vessel full of vinegar; and they filled a sponge and placed it upon hyssop, and put it to His mouth. And when Jesus had received the vinegar He said, It is finished (John 19:28-30).

Those who think of these things only naturally and not spiritually may believe that they involve nothing more than that the Lord thirsted, and that vinegar was then given Him; but it was because all things that the Scriptures said of Him were then finished, and because He came into the world to save mankind that He said, "I thirst," which means that from Divine love He willed and desired the salvation of the human race; and that "vinegar was given Him" signifies that in the coming church there would be no genuine truth, but truth mixed with falsities, such as there is with those who separate faith from charity or truth from good; this is what "vinegar" signifies; "they placed it upon hyssop" signifies some kind of purification by it, for "hyssop" signifies an external means of purification (See Arcana Coelestia 7918). That every particular related in the Word respecting the Lord's passion involves and signifies Divine celestial and Divine spiritual things, may be seen above n. 83. From the passages cited above it can be seen what "famine" signifies in the Word. Let them be examined and considered, and it will be seen by those who are in any interior thought that natural famine, hunger, and thirst, can by no means be meant, but spiritual famine, hunger, and thirst.

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