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Éxodo 34

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1 Y el SEÑOR dijo a Moisés: Alísate dos tablas de piedra como las primeras, y yo escribiré sobre esas tablas las palabras que estaban en las tablas primeras que quebraste.

2 Prepárate, pues, para mañana, y sube por la mañana al monte de Sinaí, y preséntate ante mí sobre la cumbre del monte.

3 Y no suba hombre contigo, ni aparezca alguno en todo el monte; ni ovejas ni bueyes pazcan delante del monte.

4 Y él alisó dos tablas de piedra como las primeras; y se levantó por la mañana, y subió al monte de Sinaí, como le mandó el SEÑOR, y llevó en su mano las dos tablas de piedra.

5 Y el SEÑOR descendió en una nube, y estuvo allí con él, proclamando el nombre de YO SOY.

6 Y pasando el SEÑOR por delante de él, proclamó: Yo soy el SEÑOR, YO SOY fuerte, misericordioso, y piadoso; tardo para la ira, y grande en misericordia y verdad;

7 que guardo la misericordia en millares, que suelto la iniquidad, la rebelión, y el pecado, y que de ningún modo absolveré al malvado ; que visito la iniquidad de los padres sobre los hijos y sobre los hijos de los hijos, hasta la tercera y cuarta generación.

8 Entonces Moisés, apresurándose, bajó la cabeza hacia el suelo y adoró.

9 Y dijo: Si ahora, Señor, he hallado gracia en tus ojos, vaya ahora el Señor en medio de nosotros; porque este es pueblo de dura cerviz; y perdona nuestra iniquidad y nuestro pecado, y poséenos.

10 Y él dijo: He aquí, yo hago pacto delante de todo tu pueblo: haré maravillas que no han sido hechas en toda la tierra, ni en nación alguna; y verá todo el pueblo en medio del cual estás tú, la obra del SEÑOR; porque ha de ser cosa terrible la que yo haré contigo.

11 Guarda lo que yo te mando hoy; he aquí que yo echo de delante de tu presencia al amorreo, y al cananeo, y al heteo, y al ferezeo, y al heveo, y al jebuseo.

12 Guárdate que no hagas alianza con los moradores de la tierra donde has de entrar, para que no sean por tropezadero en medio de ti;

13 mas derribaréis sus altares, y quebraréis sus imágenes, y talaréis sus bosques;

14 porque no te inclinarás a dios ajeno; que el SEÑOR, cuyo nombre es Celoso, Dios celoso es.

15 Por tanto no harás alianza con los moradores de aquella tierra; porque fornicarán en pos de sus dioses, y sacrificarán a sus dioses, y te llamarán, y comerás de sus sacrificios.

16 O tomando de sus hijas para tus hijos, y fornicando sus hijas en pos de sus dioses, harán también fornicar a tus hijos en pos de los dioses de ellas.

17 No harás dioses de fundición para ti.

18 La fiesta de los ázimos guardarás: siete días comerás pan sin levadura, según te he mandado, en el tiempo del mes de Abib; porque en el mes de Abib saliste de Egipto.

19 Todo lo que abre matriz, mío es; y de tu ganado todo primerizo de vaca o de oveja que fuere macho.

20 Pero redimirás con cordero el primerizo del asno; y si no lo redimieres, le has de cortar la cabeza. Redimirás todo primogénito de tus hijos, y no serán vistos vacíos delante de mí.

21 Seis días obrarás, mas en el séptimo día cesarás; cesarás aun en la arada y en la siega.

22 Y te harás la fiesta de las semanas a los principios de la siega del trigo; y la fiesta de la cosecha a la vuelta del año.

23 Tres veces en el año será visto todo varón tuyo delante del Señoreador DIOS, El DIOS de Israel.

24 Porque yo arrojaré los gentiles de tu presencia, y ensancharé tu término; y ninguno codiciará tu tierra, cuando tú subieres para ser visto delante del SEÑOR tu Dios tres veces en el año.

25 No ofrecerás sobre leudo la sangre de mi sacrificio; ni quedará de la noche para la mañana el sacrificio de la fiesta de la pascua.

26 El principio de los primeros frutos de tu tierra meterás en la Casa del SEÑOR tu Dios. No cocerás el cabrito en la leche de su madre.

27 Y el SEÑOR dijo a Moisés: Escribe tú estas palabras; porque conforme a estas palabras he hecho el pacto contigo y con Israel.

28 Y él estuvo allí con el SEÑOR cuarenta días y cuarenta noches; no comió pan, ni bebió agua; y escribió en tablas las palabras del pacto, los diez mandamientos.

29 Y aconteció, que descendiendo Moisés del monte Sinaí con las dos tablas del testimonio en su mano, mientras descendía del monte, no sabía él que la tez de su rostro resplandecía, después que hubo hablado con El.

30 Y miró Aarón y todos los hijos de Israel a Moisés, y he aquí la tez de su rostro era resplandeciente; y tuvieron miedo de llegarse a él.

31 Y los llamó Moisés; y Aarón y todos los príncipes de la congregación volvieron a él, y Moisés les habló.

32 Y después se llegaron todos los hijos de Israel, a los cuales mandó todas las cosas que el SEÑOR le había dicho en el monte de Sinaí.

33 Y cuando hubo acabado Moisés de hablar con ellos, puso un velo sobre su rostro.

34 Y cuando venía Moisés delante del SEÑOR para hablar con él, se quitaba el velo hasta que salía; y saliendo, hablaba con los hijos de Israel lo que le era mandado;

35 y veían los hijos de Israel el rostro de Moisés, que la tez de su rostro era resplandeciente; y volvía Moisés a poner el velo sobre su rostro, hasta que entraba a hablar con El.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 2722

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2722. He planted a grove in Beersheba. That this signifies doctrine thence with its knowledges and its quality, is evident from the signification of a “grove,” and from the signification of “Beersheba.” As regards groves: in the Ancient Church holy worship was performed on mountains and in groves; on mountains, because mountains signified the celestial things of worship; and in groves, because groves signified its spiritual things. So long as that church, namely, the Ancient, was in its simplicity, their worship at that time on mountains and in groves was holy, for the reason that celestial things, which are those of love and charity, were represented by things high and lofty, such as mountains and hills; and spiritual things, which are therefrom, by things fruitful and leafy, such as gardens and groves; but after representatives and significatives began to be made idolatrous, by the worship of external things without internal, that holy worship became profane; and they were therefore forbidden to worship on mountains and in groves.

[2] That the ancients held holy worship on mountains is evident from the twelfth chapter of Genesis, where we read of Abraham:

He removed thence unto a mountain on the east of Bethel, and pitched his tent, having Bethel on the sea, and Ai on the east; and there he built an altar, and called on the name of Jehovah (Genesis 12:8, n. 1449-1455);

and also from the signification of a “mountain,” as being the celestial of love (n. 795, 796, 1430). That they also held holy worship in groves is evident from what is stated in this verse: “Abraham planted a grove in Beersheba, and called there on the name of the God of eternity;” and also from the signification of a “garden,” as being intelligence (n. 100, 108, 1588); and of “trees,” as being perceptions (n. 103, 2163). That this was forbidden is evident from the following passages.

In Moses:

Thou shalt not plant thee a grove of any tree beside the altar of Jehovah thy God which thou shalt make thee, and thou shalt not set thee up a pillar; which Jehovah thy God hateth (Deuteronomy 16:21-22).

In the same:

The altars of the nations shall ye break down, and dash in pieces their pillars, and cut down their groves (Exodus 34:13);

and they were commanded to burn the groves of the nations with fire (Deuteronomy 12:3).

[3] And as the Jews and Israelites, among whom the representative ritual of the Ancient Church was introduced, were solely in externals, and at heart were nothing but idolaters, neither knowing nor wishing to know what anything internal was, nor the life after death, nor even that the Messiah’s kingdom was a heavenly one, therefore whenever they were in freedom they held profane worship on mountains and hills, and also in groves and forests; and likewise in place of mountains and hills they made for themselves high places, and in place of groves carved representations of a grove, as is evident from many passages in the Word. As in the book of Judges:

The sons of Israel served Baalim and the groves (Judg. 3:7).

In the book of Kings:

Israel made groves provoking Jehovah (1 Kings 14:15).

And in another place:

Judah built them high places, and pillars, and groves, upon every high hill, and under every green tree (1 Kings 14:23).

And again:

Israel built them high places in all their cities, and set up pillars and groves upon every high hill, and under every green tree (2 Kings 17:9-10).

And again:

Manasseh king of Judah reared up altars for Baal, and made a grove, as did Ahab king of Israel, and set the carved image of the grove which he had made in the house of God (2 Kings 21:3, 7);

from which it is manifest that they also made for themselves carved images of a grove. That these were destroyed by king Josiah may be seen in the same book:

Josiah caused all the vessels that were made for Baal and for the grove, and for the sun and the moon, and for all the army of the heavens, to be brought out of the temple of Jehovah, and he burnt them without Jerusalem, and the houses which the women had woven there for the grove (2 Kings 23:4-5, 7, 14-15).

He also cut down the groves which Solomon had made, and likewise the grove in Bethel which Jeroboam had made (2 Kings 23:4, 6-7, (23:6-7) 13-15). That king Hezekiah also demolished such things may be seen in the same book:

Hezekiah king of Judah removed the high places, and brake the pillars, and cut down the grove, and brake in pieces the brazen serpent which Moses had made (2 Kings 18:4).

[4] That the brazen serpent was holy in the time of Moses is evident; but when the external was worshiped it became profane, and was broken in pieces, for the same reason that worship on mountains and in groves was forbidden. These things are still more evident in the Prophets.

In Isaiah:

Inflaming yourselves with gods under every green tree; sacrificing the children in the rivers under the crags of the rocks; thou hast also poured out a drink-offering to the rivers, thou hast offered a gift; upon a high and lofty mountain hast thou set thy habitation, and thither wentest thou up 1 to offer sacrifice (Isaiah 57:5-7).

In the same:

In that day shall a man look unto his Maker, and his eyes shall see the Holy One of Israel; and he shall not look to the altars the work of his hands, neither shall he see that which his fingers have made, and the groves and the sun images (Isaiah 17:7-8).

In Micah:

I will cut off thy graven images and thy pillars out of the midst of thee, and thou shalt no more bow thyself down to the work of thy hands; and I will pluck up thy groves out of the midst of thee, and I will destroy thy cities (Micah 5:13-14).

In Ezekiel:

That their slain may be among their idols, round about their altars, upon every high hill, on all the tops of the mountains, and under every green tree, and under every tangled oak, the place where they did offer an odor of rest to all their idols (Ezekiel 6:13).

[5] From all this it is now manifest from what origin idolatrous worship came, namely, the worship of objects that were representative and significative. The most ancient people who were before the flood saw in each and everything-in mountains, hills, plains, and valleys, gardens, groves, and forests, rivers and waters, fields and plantations, trees and animals of every kind, and the luminaries of heaven-something representative and significative of the Lord’s kingdom; but they never dwelt with their eyes, still less with their minds, on these objects; but these things served them as means for thinking about the celestial and spiritual things in the Lord’s kingdom; and this to such a degree that there was nothing at all in universal nature that did not serve them as such means. The real fact is that everything in nature is representative, which is an arcanum at this day and scarcely believed by anyone. But after the celestial which is of love to the Lord had perished, the human race was then no longer in that state-namely, that from objects as means they could see the celestial and spiritual things of the Lord’s kingdom.

[6] Yet the ancients after the flood knew, from traditions, and from collections made by certain persons, that these things had such a signification; and as they were significative they esteemed them holy. Hence came the representative worship of the Ancient Church; which church, being spiritual, was not in the perception that a thing was so, but was in the knowledge of the fact; for it was relatively in obscurity (n. 2715). Nevertheless they did not worship outward things, but by means of outward things they called to mind inward things; and hence when they were in those representatives and significatives, they were in holiness of worship. They were able to be so because they were in spiritual love, that is, in charity, which they made an essential of worship; and therefore holiness from the Lord could flow into their worship. But when the state of the human race had become so changed and perverted that they removed themselves from the good of charity, and thus no longer believed that there was any heavenly kingdom, or any life after death, but that men were in a similar condition with animals, save only that they could think (as is also believed at this day), then the holy representative worship was turned into idolatry, and the outward things were worshiped. Hence with many Gentiles at that time, and also with the Jews and Israelites, the worship was not representative, but was a worship of the representatives and significatives; that is, of the outward things without the inward.

[7] As regards groves in particular, among the ancients they were of various signification, and indeed according to the kinds of trees in them. Groves of olive-trees signified the celestial things of worship; groves of vines signified the spiritual things of worship; but groves of fig-trees, cedars, fir-trees, poplars, and oaks, signified various things relating to what is celestial and spiritual. In the passage before us mention is made simply of a grove or plantation of trees; and this signifies the things of reason that were adjoined to doctrine and its knowledges; for trees in general signify perceptions (n. 103, 2163), but when they are predicated of the spiritual church they signify knowledges, for the reason that the man of the spiritual church has no other perceptions than those which come through knowledges from doctrine or the Word; for these become of his faith, and thus of conscience, from which he has perception.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. Ibi obtulisti, but eo ascendisti, Apocalypse Explained 405. [Rotch ed.]

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for the permission to use this translation.