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Éxodo 32

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1 Mas viendo el pueblo que Moisés tardaba en descender del monte, se juntó entonces a Aarón, y le dijeron: Levántate, haznos dioses que vayan delante de nosotros; porque a este Moisés, aquel varón que nos sacó de la tierra de Egipto, no sabemos qué le haya acontecido.

2 Y Aarón les dijo: Apartad los zarcillos de oro que están en las orejas de vuestras mujeres, y de vuestros hijos, y de vuestras hijas, y traédmelos.

3 Entonces todo el pueblo apartó los zarcillos de oro que tenían en sus orejas, y los trajeron a Aarón,

4 el cual los tomó de las manos de ellos, y lo formó con buril, e hizo de ello un becerro de fundición. Entonces dijeron: Israel, estos son tus dioses, que te sacaron de la tierra de Egipto.

5 Y viendo esto Aarón, edificó un altar delante del becerro ; y pregonó Aarón, y dijo: Mañana será fiesta al SEÑOR.

6 Y el día siguiente madrugaron, y ofrecieron holocaustos, y presentaron ofrendas de paz; y se sentó el pueblo a comer y a beber, y se levantaron a regocijarse.

7 Entonces el SEÑOR dijo a Moisés: Anda, desciende, porque tu pueblo que sacaste de la tierra de Egipto se ha corrompido.

8 Presto se han apartado del camino que yo les mandé, y se han hecho un becerro de fundición, y lo han adorado, y le han ofrecido sacrificios, y han dicho: Israel, estos son tus dioses, que te sacaron de la tierra de Egipto.

9 Dijo más el SEÑOR a Moisés: Yo he visto a este pueblo, que por cierto es pueblo de dura cerviz.

10 Ahora pues, déjame que se encienda mi furor en ellos, y los consuma; y a ti yo te pondré sobre gran gente.

11 Entonces Moisés oró a la faz del SEÑOR su Dios, y dijo: ¡Oh SEÑOR! ¿Por qué se encenderá tu furor en tu pueblo, que tú sacaste de la tierra de Egipto con gran fortaleza, y con mano fuerte?

12 ¿Por qué han de hablar los egipcios, diciendo: Para mal los sacó, para matarlos en los montes, y para raerlos de sobre la faz de la tierra? Vuélvete del furor de tu ira, y arrepiéntete del mal de tu pueblo.

13 Acuérdate de Abraham, de Isaac, y de Israel tus siervos, a los cuales has jurado por ti mismo, y les has dicho: Yo multiplicaré vuestra simiente como las estrellas del cielo; y daré a vuestra simiente toda esta tierra que he dicho, y la tomarán por heredad para siempre.

14 Entonces el SEÑOR se arrepintió del mal que dijo que había de hacer a su pueblo.

15 Y volvió Moisés, y descendió del monte trayendo en su mano las dos tablas del testimonio, las tablas escritas por ambos lados; de una parte y de otra estaban escritas.

16 Y las tablas eran obra de Dios, y la escritura era escritura de Dios grabada sobre las tablas.

17 Y oyendo Josué el clamor del pueblo que gritaba, dijo a Moisés: Alarido de pelea hay en el campamento.

18 Y él respondió: No es alarido de respuesta de fuertes, ni alarido de respuesta de flacos; alarido de cantar oigo yo.

19 Y aconteció, que cuando llegó él al campamento, y vio el becerro y las danzas, el furor se le encendió a Moisés, y arrojó las tablas de sus manos, y las quebró al pie del monte.

20 Y tomó el becerro que habían hecho, y lo quemó en el fuego, y lo molió hasta reducirlo a polvo, que esparció sobre las aguas, y lo dio a beber a los hijos de Israel.

21 Y dijo Moisés a Aarón: ¿Qué te ha hecho este pueblo, que has traído sobre él tan gran pecado?

22 Y respondió Aarón: No se enoje mi señor; tú conoces al pueblo, que es inclinado a mal.

23 Porque me dijeron: Haznos dioses que vayan delante de nosotros, que a este Moisés, el varón que nos sacó de tierra de Egipto, no sabemos qué le ha acontecido.

24 Y yo les respondí: ¿Quién tiene oro? Apartadlo. Y me lo dieron, y lo eché en el fuego, y salió este becerro.

25 Y viendo Moisés que el pueblo estaba desnudo, porque Aarón lo había desnudado para vergüenza entre sus enemigos,

26 se puso Moisés a la puerta del real, y dijo: ¿Quién es del SEÑOR? Júntese conmigo. Y se juntaron con él todos los hijos de Leví.

27 Y él les dijo: Así dijo el SEÑOR Dios de Israel: Poned cada uno su espada sobre su muslo; pasad y volved de puerta a puerta por el campamento, y matad cada uno a su hermano, y a su amigo, y a su pariente.

28 Y los hijos de Leví lo hicieron conforme al dicho de Moisés; y cayeron del pueblo en aquel día como tres mil hombres.

29 Entonces Moisés dijo: Hoy os habéis consagrado al SEÑOR, porque cada uno se ha consagrado en su hijo, y en su hermano, para que dé él Hoy bendición sobre vosotros.

30 Y aconteció que el día siguiente dijo Moisés al pueblo: Vosotros habéis cometido un gran pecado; mas yo subiré ahora al SEÑOR; por ventura le aplacaré acerca de vuestro pecado.

31 Entonces volvió Moisés al SEÑOR, y dijo: Yo te ruego, pues , este pueblo ha cometido un gran pecado, porque se hicieron dioses de oro,

32 que perdones ahora su pecado, y si no, ráeme ahora de tu libro que has escrito.

33 Y el SEÑOR respondió a Moisés: Al que pecare contra mí, a éste raeré yo de mi libro.

34 Ve pues ahora, lleva a este pueblo donde te he dicho; he aquí mi ángel irá delante de ti; que en el día de mi visitación yo visitaré en ellos su pecado.

35 Y el SEÑOR hirió al pueblo, porque habían hecho el becerro que formó Aarón.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 4311

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4311. That in the internal historical sense by for I have seen God faces to faces, and my soul is delivered, is signified that He was present representatively, is evident from the signification of “seeing God faces to faces,” when these words are predicated of the state in which the posterity of Jacob were, as being that the Lord was present representatively; for to see God faces to faces in the external form and with the bodily sight, is not to see Him present (n. 4299). That He was not present as with those who are regenerate, and thereby are in spiritual love and faith, is manifest from what has been said of that nation (n. 4281, 4288, 4290, 4293)—that they were in external worship, and not at the same time in internal, or what is the same, in bodily and worldly, and not in spiritual and heavenly love. With such the Lord could never be present except representatively.

[2] What it is to be present representatively, must be briefly told. A man who is in bodily and worldly love and not at the same time in spiritual and heavenly love, has none but evil spirits with him, even when he is in a holy external; for good spirits cannot possibly be present with such a person, because they at once perceive in what kind of love a man is. There is a sphere which is exhaled from his interiors, which spirits perceive as manifestly as a man perceives by his sense of smell offensive and foul vapors floating around him in the air. That nation which is here treated of, was in such a state as to good and truth, or as to love and faith. In order, however, that they might serve as the representative of a church, it was miraculously provided by the Lord that when they were in a holy external, and were at the same time surrounded by evil spirits, the holy in which they were might yet be uplifted into heaven; and this by good spirits and angels not within but without them, for within them there was nothing but emptiness or uncleanness. Communication was therefore given not with the man himself, but with the holy itself in which they were when they fulfilled the statutes and precepts given them, which were all representative of spiritual and heavenly things of the Lord’s kingdom. This is signified by the Lord’s being present with that nation representatively. But the Lord is present in a very different way with those within the church who are in spiritual love and thence in faith. With these there are good spirits and angels not only in their external worship, but also at the same time in their internal; and therefore with them there exists a communication of heaven with themselves; for the Lord flows into them through heaven through their internals into their externals. To these the holy of worship is profitable in the other life, but not to the former.

[3] It is similar with priests and elders who preach holy things, and yet are in evil life and evil belief. With these there are not good, but evil spirits, even when they are in worship that appears holy in the external form. For it is the love of self and of the world, or a love for securing honors and acquiring gain and thereby fame, that fires them and presents an appearance of affection for what is holy, sometimes to such a degree that no simulation is perceived, nor is at the time believed by them to exist; when yet they are in the midst of evil spirits, who are then in a similar state, and who breathe upon them and into them. That evil spirits can be in such a state, and are so when they are in their externals, and are inflated with the love of self and of the world, has been given me to know by manifold experience, which of the Lord’s Divine mercy will be described hereafter at the end of the chapters. Such preachers have no communication with heaven in themselves; and yet those have who hear and receive the words from their mouth, if they are in a pious and holy internal; for it matters not from whom the voice of good and truth flows forth, provided their life is not manifestly wicked; for this life causes a scandal.

[4] That the nation descended from Jacob was of such a character (namely, that they were surrounded with evil spirits, and yet the Lord was present with them representatively), may be seen from many passages in the Word; for they were very far from worshiping Jehovah with the heart, and as soon as miracles were lacking, they immediately turned to other gods and became idolaters. This was a manifest proof that at heart they worshiped other gods and confessed Jehovah with the mouth only, and this merely for the reason that they might be the greatest and have preeminence over all the nations round about. That this people at heart worshiped an Egyptian idol, and only confessed Jehovah with the mouth on account of His miracles (with Aaron himself among them), is plainly evident from the golden calf which Aaron made for them, and this but a month after they had seen such great miracles on Mount Sinai, besides those which they had seen in Egypt (see Exodus 32). That Aaron also was of the same character is plainly stated at verses 2 to 5, (Exodus 32:2-5) and especially in (Exodus 32:35) verse 35. The same appears also from many other passages in Moses, in the book of the Judges, in the books of Samuel, and in the books of the Kings.

[5] That they were only in external worship and not in any internal worship, is evident also from the fact that they were forbidden to come near to Mount Sinai when the Law was promulgated, and were told that if they touched the mountain, they should surely die (Exodus 19:11-13; 20:16, 19). The reason was that their internal was unclean. It is also said in Moses:

That Jehovah dwelt with them in the midst of their uncleannesses (Leviticus 16:16).

The quality of that nation is evident also from the song of Moses (Deuteronomy 32:15-43), and from many passages in the Prophets. From all this it may be known that with that nation there was not any church, but only a representative of a church, and that the Lord was present with them only representatively.

[6] Compare also what has previously been stated in regard to them:

That with the posterity of Jacob there was a representative of a church, but not a church (n. 4281, 4288);

That the representative of a church was not instituted with them until after they had been altogether vastated as to a holy internal, and that they would otherwise have profaned holy things (n. 3398, 4289);

That when they remained in their statutes they could represent, but not when they turned aside from them (n. 3881 at the end);

That on this account they were kept strictly in rituals, and that they were driven thereto by external means (n. 3147, 4281);

That their worship was made external without internal in order that they might serve as a representative of a church (n. 4281);

That for this reason also the interior things of the church were not disclosed to them (n. 301-303vvv2, 2520, 3398, 3479, 3769);

That they were of such a nature that they could more than others be in a holy external without an internal (n. 4293);

That for this reason they have been preserved to this day (n. 3479);

And that their holy external does not affect them at all as to their souls (n. 3479).

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for the permission to use this translation.