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Éxodo 20

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1 Y habló Dios todas estas palabras, diciendo:

2 Yo soy el SEÑOR tu Dios, que te saqué de la tierra de Egipto, de casa de siervos.

3 No tendrás dioses ajenos delante de mí.

4 No te harás imagen, ni ninguna semejanza de cosa que esté arriba en el cielo, ni abajo en la tierra, ni en las aguas debajo de la tierra.

5 No te inclinarás a ellas, ni las honrarás; porque yo soy el SEÑOR tu Dios, fuerte, celoso, que visito la maldad de los padres sobre los hijos, hasta la tercera y cuarta generación, de los que me aborrecen,

6 y que hago misericordia en millares de generaciones a los que me aman, y guardan mis mandamientos.

7 No tomarás el Nombre del SEÑOR tu Dios en vano; porque no dará por inocente el SEÑOR al que tomare su Nombre en vano.

8 Te acordarás del día del reposo, para santificarlo:

9 Seis días obrarás, y harás toda tu obra;

10 mas el séptimo día será sábado al SEÑOR tu Dios; no hagas en él obra alguna, tú, ni tu hijo, ni tu hija, ni tu siervo, ni tu criada, ni tu bestia, ni tu extranjero que está dentro de tus puertas;

11 porque en seis días hizo el SEÑOR los cielos y la tierra, el mar y todas las cosas que en ellos hay , y reposó en el séptimo día; por tanto el SEÑOR bendijo el día del sábado y lo santificó.

12 Honra a tu padre y a tu madre, para que tus días sean alargados sobre la tierra que el SEÑOR tu Dios te da.

13 No matarás.

14 No cometerás adulterio.

15 No hurtarás.

16 No hablarás contra tu prójimo falso testimonio.

17 No codiciarás la casa de tu prójimo, no codiciarás la mujer de tu prójimo, ni su siervo, ni su criada, ni su buey, ni su asno, ni cosa alguna de tu prójimo.

18 Todo el pueblo consideraba las voces, y las llamas, y el sonido de la trompeta, y el monte que humeaba; y viéndolo el pueblo, temblaron, y se pusieron de lejos.

19 Y dijeron a Moisés: Habla tú con nosotros, que nosotros oiremos; y no hable Dios con nosotros, para que no muramos.

20 Entonces Moisés respondió al pueblo: No temáis; que por probaros vino Dios, y para que su temor esté en vuestra presencia para que no pequéis.

21 Entonces el pueblo se puso de lejos, y Moisés se llegó a la oscuridad en la cual estaba Dios.

22 Y el SEÑOR dijo a Moisés: Así dirás a los hijos de Israel: Vosotros habéis visto que he hablado desde el cielo con vosotros.

23 No hagáis conmigo dioses de plata, ni dioses de oro os haréis.

24 Altar de tierra harás para mí, y sacrificarás sobre él tus holocaustos y tus ofrendas de paz, tus ovejas y tus vacas; en cualquier lugar donde yo hiciere que esté la memoria de mi Nombre, vendré a ti, y te bendeciré.

25 Y si me hicieres altar de piedras, no las labres de cantería; porque si alzares tu pico sobre él, tú lo ensuciarás.

26 Y no subirás por gradas a mi altar, para que tu desnudez no sea descubierta junto a él.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 8871

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8871. 'Which are in the heavens above, and which are on the earth beneath' means which exist in spiritual light' and which exist in natural light. This is clear from the meaning of 'a likeness of those things which are in the heavens above' as the things which are visible to the eye in spiritual light, all of which are connected with goodness and truth, and so are aspects of faith, charity towards the neighbour, and love to the Lord (feigning and simulating these virtues is meant by 'making a likeness of those things which are in the heavens above'); and from the meaning of 'a likeness of those things which are on the earth beneath' as the things which are visible to the eye in natural light, which are the kind that belong to goodness and truth on the level of people's public life and on that of their private life. Feigning and simulating these virtues is 'making a likeness of those things which are on the earth beneath'. The sense of the letter implies objects seen in the sky, such as the sun, moon, and stars, and objects seen on earth, such as various kinds of living creatures, both flying ones and those that walk or creep. But the internal sense implies the kinds of things that are meant spiritually by those objects, all of which are connected with goodness and truth, as stated above.

[2] Further description of these matters is contained in the following words in Moses,

... lest you make for yourselves a graven image in the form of any likeness, the figure of a male or a female, the figure of any beast which is on the earth, the figure of any winged bird which flies under heaven, the figure of any creeping thing on the earth, of a fish which is in the waters under the earth; and lest perhaps you lift your eyes to heaven and you look at the sun and moon and stars, all the host of heaven, and you are drawn away and bow down to them and serve them. Take care, lest you forget the covenant of Jehovah your God which He has made with you, and you make for yourselves a graven image of any figure. For Jehovah your God is a devouring fire, a jealous God. When you beget children and children's children, and grow old in the land, and corrupt yourselves and make a graven image of any figure, I call heaven and earth today as witnesses against you, that you will altogether perish quickly from upon the land. Jehovah will scatter you among the peoples, where you will serve gods, the work of man 's hands - wood and stone. Deuteronomy 4:16-19, 23-28.

[3] The chief reason why making a likeness of anything in the heavens or on the earth was so strictly forbidden was that this people descended from Jacob were most prone to worshipping external objects. The reason for that proneness was that they had no wish to know anything whatever about the internal aspects of the Church, which are those of faith and love to the Lord, and of charity towards the neighbour. If therefore they had been allowed to make likenesses of things they would have bowed down to them and worshipped them as gods. This is plainly evident from the golden calf which they made for themselves in the midst of so many miracles, and also from their frequent apostasy, when they forsook the worship of God for idolatrous worship. Nevertheless such actions by them are not meant in the internal sense but the things which have been explained above.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.